ASTM D2414-09

Standard Test Method for Carbon Black<span class='unicode'>&#x2014;</span>Oil Absorption Number (OAN)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds containing the carbon black.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil absorption number of carbon black.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2009
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.11 - Carbon Black Structure

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2414-08a - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black<span class='unicode'>&#x2014;</span>Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D2414-09a - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black<span class='unicode'>&#x2014;</span>Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4122-17(2023) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Evaluation of an Industry Reference Black
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3493-21 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4821-20 - Standard Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6915-23 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Evaluation of Standard Reference Blacks
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1765-23a - Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D3053-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D5817-20 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7854-21 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7849-23 - Standard Classification for Nomenclature of Reference Materials of Committee D24
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2414–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope sensingsystemoftheabsorptometer.Whentheviscosityofthe
mixture reaches a predetermined torque level, the absorptom-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil
eter and buret will shut off simultaneously. The volume of oil
absorption number of carbon black.
added is read from the direct-reading buret. The volume of oil
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
per unit mass of carbon black is the oil absorption number.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2 Either DBP or paraffin oil is acceptable for use with
only.
standard pelleted grades including N-series carbon blacks
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
found in Classification D1765. OAN testing using paraffin oil
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
on some specialty blacks and powder blacks may result in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
unacceptable differences as compared to OAN testing using
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
DBP oil. While studies have shown either oil to exhibit
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
comparableprecision,paraffinoilofferstheadvantageofbeing
2. Referenced Documents
non-hazardous; even FDA-approved grades are available. For
2
either oil, Sections 8-11 (Calibration, Procedure, Calculation,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and Report) are to be consistent with the oil selected for use.
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
RefereetestingbetweensuppliersandusersshoulduseDBPoil
Rubber Products
untilsuchtimethatprecisiondataareavailableforparaffinoil.
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
Shipments
4. Significance and Use
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
4.1 Theoilabsorptionnumberofacarbonblackisrelatedto
ments
theprocessingandvulcanizatepropertiesofrubbercompounds
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
containing the carbon black.
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
Industries
3
5. Apparatus
D 4821 Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test
5.1 Balance, analytical, with an 0.01-g sensitivity.
Method Precision and Bias
5.2 Oven, gravity-convection type, capable of maintaining
3. Summary of Test Method 125° 6 5°C.
5.3 Spatula, rubber, 100-mm.
3.1 In this test method, oil is added by means of a
5.4 Absorptometer, equipped with a constant-rate buret that
constant-rate buret to a sample of carbon black in the mixer
3 4
delivers 4 6 0.024 cm /min.
chamber of an absorptometer. As the sample absorbs the oil,
5.5 Desiccator.
the mixture changes from a free-flowing state to one of a
semiplastic agglomeration, with an accompanying increase in
6. Reagent and Standards
viscosity. This increased viscosity is transmitted to the torque-
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
1
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.11 on Carbon Black
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
Structure.
Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally
3
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2414–08a. All apparatus are to be operated and maintained in accordance with the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or manufacturers’ directions for optimum performance.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from C. W. Brabender Instruments, Inc., 50 E. Wesley St., Sout
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Hackensack,NJ07606(www.brabender.com)andfromHITECLuxembourg,5Rue
the ASTM website. de l’Eglise, L-1458 Luxembourg (www.hitec.lu).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D2414–09
5
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be 8.1.2 Mixing Bowl—Typically the absorptometer is deliv-
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of ered with either a surface-treated sta
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2414–08a Designation:D2414–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil absorption number of carbon black.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Shipments
D4483 PracticeforEvaluatingPrecisionforTestMethodStandardsintheRubberandCarbonBlackManufacturingIndustries
D4821 Guide for Carbon BlackValidation of Test Method Precision and Bias
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, oil is added by means of a constant-rate buret to a sample of carbon black in the mixer chamber of an
absorptometer.Asthesampleabsorbstheoil,themixturechangesfromafree-flowingstatetooneofasemiplasticagglomeration,
with an accompanying increase in viscosity. This increased viscosity is transmitted to the torque-sensing system of the
absorptometer. When the viscosity of the mixture reaches a predetermined torque level, the absorptometer and buret will shut off
simultaneously. The volume of oil added is read from the direct-reading buret. The volume of oil per unit mass of carbon black
is the oil absorption number.
3.2 Either DBP or paraffin oil is acceptable for use with standard pelleted grades including N-series carbon blacks found in
Classification D1765. OAN testing using paraffin oil on some specialty blacks and powder blacks may result in unacceptable
differences as compared to OAN testing using DBP oil. While studies have shown either oil to exhibit comparable precision,
paraffin oil offers the advantage of being non-hazardous; even FDA-approved grades are available. For either oil, Sections 8-11
(Calibration, Procedure, Calculation, and Report) are to be consistent with the oil selected for use. Referee testing between
suppliers and users should use DBP oil until such time that precision data are available for paraffin oil.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds
containing the carbon black.
3
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance, analytical, with an 0.01-g sensitivity.
5.2 Oven, gravity-convection type, capable of maintaining 125° 6 5°C.
5.3 Spatula, rubber, 100-mm.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD24onCarbonBlackandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD24.11onCarbonBlackStructure
.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008.June 15, 2009. Published September 2008.July 2009. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
D2414–08a.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
All apparatus are to be operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers’ directions for optimum performance.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2414–09
3
4
5.4 Absorptometer, equipped with a constant-rate buret that delivers 4 6 0.024 cm /min.
5.5 Desiccator.
6. Reagent and Standards
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
5
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the r
...