ASTM D7477-16

Standard Test Method for Determining the Area Stability of Wet Blue Submersed in Boiling Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Determination of the hydro-thermal area stability of Wet Blue provides information concerning the efficacy of the tanning process as well as the adequacy of the Wet Blue for intended end use applications where area stability is a particular requirement. Relative area stability of chrome-tanned leather is a requirement for many applications such as bookbinding, shoe and boot components, upholstery, seals and gaskets, etc.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for use in development work and process control in the tannery and for specification testing of Wet Blue for domestic and international commercial purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for determination of the dimensional stability or area shrinkage of a specimen of Wet Blue that is submersed in boiling water for a specified time period. This test method is applicable to all types of Wet Blue.  
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This test method does not apply to Wet White.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.02 - Wet Blue

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7477 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Area Stability of Wet Blue Submersed in
1
Boiling Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope specimen is removed 3.0 min after the water temperature
reaches 100°C and begins to re-boil. As soon as the specimen
1.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for
has cooled sufficiently to allow comfortable handling the area
determination of the dimensional stability or area shrinkage of
loss is determined.
a specimen of Wet Blue that is submersed in boiling water for
a specified time period. This test method is applicable to all
4. Significance and Use
types of Wet Blue.
4.1 Determinationofthehydro-thermalareastabilityofWet
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the
Blue provides information concerning the efficacy of the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
tanning process as well as the adequacy of the Wet Blue for
information only.
intended end use applications where area stability is a particu-
1.3 This test method does not apply to Wet White.
lar requirement. Relative area stability of chrome-tanned
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
leather is a requirement for many applications such as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bookbinding, shoe and boot components, upholstery, seals and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gaskets, etc.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 Thistestmethodissuitableforuseindevelopmentwork
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and process control in the tannery and for specification testing
of Wet Blue for domestic and international commercial pur-
2. Referenced Documents
poses.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6659Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue
5. Apparatus
and Wet White for Physical and Chemical Tests
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to 5.1 Beaker, standard, IL capacity. Other suitable containers
may be used so long as the dimensions are sufficiently large to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in enable suspension of the completely immersed test specimen
ASTM Test Methods with no contact occurring with the sides and bottom of the
container during the test. Particularly when non-standard test
3. Summary of Test Method
specimens are used, the size and shape requirements of the
container are dependent on the dimensions of the specimen to
3.1 AsamplecuttingofWetBlueiseithertakendirectlyout
be tested.
of the tanning drum or else is pre-soaked in water for 30 min
or until it is completely re-hydrated (see 9.1 for details on
5.2 Thermometer,withaminimumscalereadingto+110°C,
re-hydration). The specimen to be tested is cut out from this
graduated in 1°C, and having a 0.5°C tolerance.
thoroughly hydrated sample cutting. The test specimen is then
5.3 Timer, with minimum 3 min capacity and 1.0 s resolu-
totally submerged and suspended in boiling water. The test
tion.
5.4 Metal die, to cut specimens. The die should be con-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
structed of highly corrosion resistant alloy metal and must be
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.
maintained in a clean and sharp condition to minimize distor-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originall
tion of the Wet Blue sample that may occur during the
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7477- 08(2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D7477-16.
specimen cutting operation. The recommended specimen is a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
square76.2by76.2mm(3.00by3.00in.).However,othersize
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and shape specimens can be used so long as the requirements
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of Section 8 are met.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7477 − 16
2 2
9024 mm )/10 000 mm ] yields 9.76 % for the actual area loss. For most
5.5 Measuring scale, ruler longer than the greatest dimen-
1 applications using this method, the area loss determined by simply adding
sion of the test specimen, divided in millimeters ( ⁄32 in.).
the dimensional
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7477 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D7477 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Area Stability of Wet Blue Submersed in
1
Boiling Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for determination of the dimensional stability or area shrinkage of a
specimen of wet blueWet Blue that is submersed in boiling water for a specified time period. This test method is applicable to all
types of wet blue.Wet Blue.
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This test method does not apply to Wet White.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6659 Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue and Wet White for Physical and Chemical Tests
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample cutting of wet blueWet Blue is either taken directly out of the tanning drum or else is pre-soaked in water for 30
min or until it is completely re-hydrated (see 9.1 for details on re-hydration). The specimen to be tested is cut out from this
thoroughly hydrated sample cutting. The test specimen is then totally submerged and suspended in boiling water. The test specimen
is removed 3.0 min after the water temperature reaches 100°C and begins to re-boil. As soon as the specimen has cooled sufficiently
to allow comfortable handling the area loss is determined.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Determination of the hydro-thermal area stability of wet blueWet Blue provides information concerning the efficacy of the
tanning process as well as the adequacy of the wet blueWet Blue for intended end use applications where area stability is a
particular requirement. Relative area stability of chrome-tanned leather is a requirement for many applications such as
bookbinding, shoe and boot components, upholstery, seals and gaskets, etc.
4.2 This test method is suitable for use in development work and process control in the tannery and for specification testing of
wet blueWet Blue for domestic and international commercial purposes.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Beaker, standard, IL capacity. Other suitable containers may be used so long as the dimensions are sufficiently large to enable
suspension of the completely immersed test specimen with no contact occurring with the sides and bottom of the container during
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Sept. 1, 2016. Published July 2013October 2016. Originall approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as D7477-
08.08(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D7477-08R13.10.1520/D7477-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7477 − 16
the test. Particularly when non-standard test specimens are used, the size and shape requirements of the container are dependent
on the dimensions of the specimen to be tested.
5.2 Thermometer, with a minimum scale reading to +110°C, graduated in 1°C, and having a 0.5°C tolerance.
5.3 Timer, with minimum 3 min capacity and 1.0 s resolution.
5.4 Metal die, to cut specimens. The die should be constructed of highly corrosion resistant alloy metal and must be maintained
in a clean and sharp condition to minimize distortion of the wet blueWet Blue sample that may occur during the specimen cutting
operation. The recommend
...