ASTM A765/A765M-07(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness Requirements
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness Requirements
ABSTRACT
This specification covers heat-treated carbon steel and alloy steel forgings with mandatory toughness requirements. These forgings include tube sheets, covers, channel barrels, integral forged channels, rings, nozzles, flanges, and similar parts. The maximum thickness of forgings produced to this specification is limited only by the capacity of the selected grade to respond to any heat treatment specified and to meet the specified mechanical tests, including impact tests at the specified temperature. Heat treatment shall consist of one of the following treatment options: normalize and temper; double normalize, wherein the second austenitizing temperature is at the same or lower temperature than the first, followed by tempering; quench and temper, with the option of adding a preliminary normalize before austenitizing for quenching in a suitable liquid medium. The forgings shall be subjected to tension and Charpy V-notch impact tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated carbon steel and alloy steel forgings with mandatory toughness requirements. These forgings are intended for pressure vessels, feedwater heaters, and similar uses.
1.2 These forgings include tube sheets, covers, channel barrels, integral forged channels, rings, nozzles, flanges, and similar parts.
1.3 All grades are considered weldable under proper conditions.
1.4 The maximum thickness of forgings produced to this specification is limited only by the capacity of the selected grade to respond to any heat treatment specified and to meet the specified mechanical tests, including impact tests at the specified temperature.
1.5 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification, product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
1.6 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the requirements of this specification shall prevail.
1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI [metric] units are to be regarded separately as the standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
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Designation:A765/A765M −07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-
Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness
Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA765/A765M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
2 tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated carbon steel and
pound units.
alloy steel forgings with mandatory toughness requirements.
These forgings are intended for pressure vessels, feedwater
2. Referenced Documents
heaters, and similar uses.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 These forgings include tube sheets, covers, channel
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
barrels, integral forged channels, rings, nozzles, flanges, and
Steel Forgings
similar parts.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.3 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi-
of Steel Products
tions.
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Forgings
1.4 The maximum thickness of forgings produced to this
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
specification is limited only by the capacity of the selected
quirements
gradetorespondtoanyheattreatmentspecifiedandtomeetthe
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
specified mechanical tests, including impact tests at the speci-
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
fied temperature.
Industry
1.5 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
2.2 ASME Standards:
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
3. Ordering Information
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
3.1 In addition to the ordering information requirements of
tional supplementary requirements.
Specification A788/A788M, a detailed sketch or written de-
1.6 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
scription of the forging and the method of selecting the test
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
location (see 6.2) should be supplied to the producer, when
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
appropriate areas of significant in-service loading of the
forging need to be designated.
1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
[metric] units are to be regarded separately as the standard;
3.2 The required impact test temperature should be supplied
within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets.
if different than the temperature listed in Table 3, otherwise the
The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
impacttestshallbeconductedatthetemperaturelistedinTable
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
3 for the chosen Grade.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
3.3 IfahubbedtubesheetistobesuppliedforASMEBoiler
formance with the specification.
and Pressure Code Application Supplementary Requirement
S12 of Specification A788/A788M shall be specified.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A765/A765M – 07. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0765_A0765M-07R12. the ASTM website.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
cation SA–765/SA–765M in Section II of that code. New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A765/A765M−07 (2012)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Definitions A370.The usage of subsize impact specimens must
Composition, % have prior purchaser approval.
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
6.1.1 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the
Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.30
producer and specified on the order, impact tests may be made
Manganese 0.60 to 0.60 to 0.90 max 1.00–1.60 0.60–1.35
at temperatures different from those shown in Table 3 provided
1.35 1.35
the test temperature is at least as low as the intended service
Phosphorus, 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
max
temperatures and the provided impact energy requirements of
Sulfur, max 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
Table 3 are met. Such forgings shall be suitably marked in
Silicon 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15–0.50 0.15–0.35
0.35 0.35 0.35 accordance with 9.1 to identify the test temperature.
A
Nickel, max 0.50 0.50 3.3 to 3.8 0.50 max 1.0–2.0
Vanadium, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 6.2 Test Location—Test coupons shall be taken so that the
Aluminum, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
longitudinal axis and mid-length of tension and impact test
A
Chromium, 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.40 0.30
max specimens shall be positioned in accordance with one of the
A
Molybdenum, 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.12
following methods:
max
Copper, max 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
6.2.1 Method 1—Forgings with 2 in. [50 mm] maximum
A
thickness. The specimens shall have their longitudinal axis at
Intentional additions of Cr, Mo, and Ni up to the specified maximum are permitted
to be made to Grades I, II, and IV by the manufacturer.
the midthickness or the center of the cross section and with the
midlength of the specimen at least 2 in. [50 mm] from any
second surface.
3.4 If steel is required to be vacuum degassed, Supplemen-
6.2.2 Method 2—Grade I and Grade II forgings with thick-
tary Requirement S8 of Specification A788/A788M should be
nesses greater than 2 in. up to 4 in. [50 to 100 mm] inclusive,
specified.
or Grade III and IV forgings with thicknesses greater than 2 in.
up to 6 in. [50 to 150 mm] inclusive. The specimens shall have
4. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties
their longitudinal axis at least ⁄4 T of maximum heat-treated
thickness from any surface and with the midlength of the
4.1 Heat treatment shall consist of one of the following heat
treatment options of the manufacturer’s choice. specimen at least one T from any second surface. This is
4.1.1 Normalize and temper. normally referred to as ⁄4 T by T when T is the maximum
4.1.2 Double normalize, wherein the second austenitizing heat-treated thickness.Athermal buffer may be used to adhere
temperature is at the same or lower temperature than the first, to the condition in 6.3. Unless otherwise agreed upon, the
followed by tempering. following limitation for heat-treated thickness shall apply:
4.1.3 Quench and temper, with the option of adding a
Grade in. [mm], min in. [mm], max
I 2 [50] 4 [100]
preliminary normalize before austenitizing for quenching in a
II 2 [50] 4 [100]
suitable liquid medium.The type of cooling medium used shall
III 2 [50] 6 [150]
be reported.
IV 2 [50] 6 [150]
4.1.4 Use of an intercritical heat treatment cycle in accor- V 2 [50] 6 [150]
(Classes 1 and 2)
dance with Specification A788/A788M in which cooling from
the full and partial austenitization stages may be done by liquid
6.2.3 Method 3—For forgings thicker than described in
quenching or air cooling. The method of cooling and type of Method 2 (6.2.2):
quench medium, if used, shall be reported.
6.2.3.1 Prior to heat treatment the forging shall be machined
4.1.5 The minimum tempering temperature shall be 1100ºF
to a purchaser supplied or approved drawing that indicates the
[590ºC].
locations of significant in-service loading in the finished part.
The mechanical test specimens shall be located as an integral
5. Chemical Requirements
part of the forging such that the mid-point of the gauge length
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
of the tension test specimen and the area under the notch of the
pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall
impact specimens are located no closer than the dimension t
comply with Table 1.
fromoneheattreatedsurfaceand2tfromanyotherheattreated
surface where t is the dimension from the area of significant
5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product
loading to the heat treated surface, or ⁄4 in. [20 mm] whichever
analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a
is the greater.
product analysis from a forging representing each heat or
6.2.4 Method 4—This method shall be limited to forgings
multiple heat.
with a rough machined weight of not more than 1000 lb [455
6. Mechanical Requirements
kg]. Separate test forging when agreed upon between the
purchaser and the supplier. Test coupons representing forgings
6.1 General Requirements—The forgings shall conform to
from one heat and one heat treatment lot may be taken from a
the tension test requirements of Table 2.The forgings shall also
separately forged piece under the following conditions:
conform to the impact test requirements of Table 3. The largest
obtainable round tension test specimen as specified in Test 6.2.4.1 The separate test forging shall be of the same heat of
Methods and Definitions A370 shall be used. Impact speci- materia
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A765/A765M–07 Designation: A765/A765M – 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-
Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness
Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA765/A765M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1 This specification covers heat-treated carbon steel and alloy steel forgings with mandatory toughness requirements. These
forgings are intended for pressure vessels, feedwater heaters, and similar uses.
1.2 These forgings include tube sheets, covers, channel barrels, integral forged channels, rings, nozzles, flanges, and similar
parts.
1.3 All grades are considered weldable under proper conditions.
1.4 The maximum thickness of forgings produced to this specification is limited only by the capacity of the selected grade to
respond to any heat treatment specified and to meet the specified mechanical tests, including impact tests at the specified
temperature.
1.5 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,
product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
1.6 IftherequirementsofthisspecificationareinconflictwiththerequirementsofSpecificationA788/A788M,therequirements
of this specification shall prevail.
1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI [metric] units are to be regarded separately as the standard; within the
text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
specification.
1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound
units.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
2.2 ASME Standards:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
3. Ordering Information
3.1 In addition to the ordering information requirements of SpecificationA788/A788M, a detailed sketch or written description
of the forging and the method of selecting the test location (see 6.2) should be supplied to the producer, when appropriate areas
of significant in-service loading of the forging need to be designated.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Sept.May 1, 2007.2012. Published October 2007.May 2012. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20042007 as
A765/A765M – 047. DOI: 10.1520/A0765_A0765M-07R12.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA–765/SA–765M in Section II of that code.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A765/A765M – 07 (2012)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.30
Manganese 0.60 to 0.60 to 0.90 max 1.00–1.60 0.60–1.35
1.35 1.35
Phosphorus, 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
max
Sulfur, max 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
Silicon 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15–0.50 0.15–0.35
0.35 0.35 0.35
A
Nickel, max 0.50 0.50 3.3 to 3.8 0.50 max 1.0–2.0
Vanadium, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03
Aluminum, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
A
Chromium, 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.40 0.30
max
A
Molybdenum, 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.12
max
Copper, max 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
A
Intentional additions of Cr, Mo, and Ni up to the specified maximum are
permitted to be made to Grades I, II, and IV by the manufacturer.
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
Class 1 Class 2
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60 to 85 70 to 95 70 to 95 80–105 60–85 70–95
[415 to 585] [485 to 655] [485 to 655] [550–725] [415– 585] [485–655]
A
Yield strength, in, ksi [MPa] 30 [205] 36 [250] 37.5 [260] 50 [345] 30 [205] 37.5 [260]
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], 25 22 22 22 25 22
min, %
Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 30 38 35
A
0.2 % offset or 0.5 % total extension underload method.
3.2 The required impact test temperature should be supplied if different than the temperature listed in Table 3, otherwise the
impact test shall be conducted at the temperature listed in Table 3 for the chosen Grade.
3.3 If a hubbed tube sheet is to be supplied forASME Boiler and Pressure CodeApplication Supplementary Requirement S12
of Specification A788/A788M shall be specified.
3.4 If steel is required to be vacuum degassed, Supplementary Requirement S8 of Specification A788/A788M should be
specified.
4. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties
4.1Heat4.1 Heat treatment shall consist of one of the following heat treatment options of the manufacturer’s choice.
4.1.1 Normalize and temper.
4.1.2 Double normalize, wherein the second austenitizing temperature is at the same or lower temperature than the first,
followed by tempering.
4.1.3 Quench and temper, with the option of adding a preliminary normalize before austenitizing for quenching in a suitable
liquid medium. The type of cooling medium used shall be reported.
4.1.4 Use of an intercritical heat treatment cycle in accordance with SpecificationA788/A788M in which cooling from the full
and partial austenitization stages may be done by liquid quenching or air cooling. The method of cooling and type of quench
medium, if used, shall be reported.
4.1.5 The minimum tempering temperature shall be 1100ºF [590ºC].
5. Chemical Requirements
5.1 HeatAnalysis—TheheatanalysisobtainedfromsamplinginaccordancewithSpecificationA788/A788Mshallcomplywith
Table 1.
TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
(Classes 1 and 2)
A
Minimum average value of set of three specimens, ft-lbf (J) 13 [18] 15 [20] 15 [20] 26 [35] 15 [20]
A
Minimum value of one specimen, ft-lbf (J) 10 [14] 12 [16] 12 [16] 20 [27] 12 [16]
B
Test temperature of, °F [°C] −20 [−30] −50 [−45] −150 [−100] −20 [−30] -75 [-60]
A
Mandatory conformance to the values listed is a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. The energy values above are shown for information
as to guarantees that are generally available.
B
Actual test temperature should be established at time of order. If no temperature is specified, tests will be made at test temperatures shown in this table.
A765/A765M – 07 (2012)
5.2 ProductAnalysis—The purchaser may use the product analysis provision of SpecificationA788/A788M to obtain a product
analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.
6. Mechanical Requirements
6.1 General Requirements—The forgings shall conform to the tension test requirements of Table 2. The forgings shall also
conformtotheimpacttestrequirementsofTable3.ThelargestobtainableroundtensiontestspecimenasspecifiedinTestMethods
and DefinitionsA370 shall be used. Impact specimens shall be Charpy V-notch, TypeA, as in Test Methods and DefinitionsA370.
The usage of subsize impact specimens must have prior purchaser approval.
6.1.1 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer and specified on the order, impact tests may be made at
temperatures different from those shown in Table 3 provided the test temperature is at least as low as the intended service
temperatures and the provided impact energy requirements of Table 3 are met. Such forgings shall be suitably marked in
accordance with 9.1 to identify the test temperature.
6.2 TestLocation—Testcouponsshallbetakensothatthelongitudinalaxisandmid-lengthoftensionandimpacttestspecimens
shall be positioned in accordance with one of the following methods:
6.2.1 Method 1—Forgings with 2 in. [50 mm] maximum thickness. The specimens shall have their longitudinal axis at the
midthickness or the center of the cross section and with the midlength of the specimen at least 2 in. [50 mm] from any second
surface.
6.2.2 Method2—GradeIandGradeIIforgingswiththicknessesgreaterthan2in.upto4in.[50to100mm]inclusive,orGrade
III and IV forgings with thicknesses greater than 2 in. up to 6 in. [50 to 150 mm] inclusive. The specimens shall have their
longitudinal axis at least ⁄4T of maximum heat-treated thickness from any surface and with the midlength of the specimen at least
oneT from any second surface. This is normally referred to as ⁄4T byT whenT is the maximum heat-treated thickness.Athermal
buffer may be used to adhere to the condition in 6.3. Unless otherwise agreed
...
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