ASTM D5148-97(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Centrifuge Kerosine Equivalent
Standard Test Method for Centrifuge Kerosine Equivalent
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The CKE furnishes an index, designated as the K factor, that indicates the aggregate particle roughness and surface capacity based on porosity.
The CKE is used as part of the Hveem mix design procedure to determine the approximate bitumen ratio (ABR), as shown in Appendix X1. However, there are other applications such as determining the coarse aggregate fraction constant (Kc) for use as an aid in selecting a bitumen content for open-graded friction courses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the centrifuge kerosine equivalent (CKE) of aggregate used in bituminous mixtures.
1.2 Units of Measure:
1.2.1 With regard to sieve sizes and size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch-pound units are shown for the convenience of the user, but the standard sieve designation shown in parentheses is the standard value as stated in Specification E 11.
1.2.2 With regard to other units of measure, the values shown in parentheses are for information purposes.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5148–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Centrifuge Kerosine Equivalent
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method determines the centrifuge kerosine 3.1 Symbols:
equivalent (CKE) of aggregate used in bituminous mixtures. 3.1.1 C—coarse aggregate fraction, that portion of the
1.2 Units of Measure: sample which passes the ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve and is retained
1.2.1 With regard to sieve sizes and size of aggregate as on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch- 3.1.2 F—fine aggregate fraction, that portion of the sample
pound units are shown for the convenience of the user, but the which passes the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
2 2
standardsievedesignationshowninparenthesesisthestandard 3.1.3 SA—surfacearea.Thesum,m /kg(ft /lb),obtainedby
value as stated in Specification E11. adding the products of the percent passing each sieve and its
1.2.2 With regard to other units of measure, the values corresponding factor, (see 11.1) and dividing by 100.
shown in parentheses are for information purposes. 3.1.4 K factors—values determined as described in 3.1.5
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the through 3.1.8 and identified as K , K,or K .
c f m
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.5 K —determined from the percent of SAE No. 10 oil
c
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- retained, which represents the total effect of the aggregate’s
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- absorptive properties and surface roughness of the aggregates
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard coarse fraction.
statements, see 7.1.
NOTE 1—Based on comparative testing in California, the same results
can be obtained substituting Shell Tellus No. 100 oil for SAE No. 10 oil.
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.1.6 K—determined from the following factors:
f
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 Percentofkerosineretained,whichrepresentsthetotal
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
effect of superficial area, the aggregate’s absorptive properties
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
and surface roughness of the aggregate’s fine fraction.
C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
3.1.7.1 Computed surface area, based on particle size.
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
3.1.7.2 PercentofaggregatepassingNo.4(4.75-mm)sieve.
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-
3.1.8 K —the “mean” or composite value of K for a given
m
ing Size
combination of coarse and fine materials on which K and K
c f
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
have already been determined independently.
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying
Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
4. Significance and Use
Construction Materials Testing
4.1 TheCKEfurnishesanindex,designatedasthe Kfactor,
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
that indicates the aggregate particle roughness and surface
Sieves
capacity based on porosity.
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
4.2 The CKE is used as part of the Hveem mix design
procedure to determine the approximate bitumen ratio (ABR),
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
as shown in Appendix X1. However, there are other applica-
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
tions such as determining the coarse aggregate fraction con-
Aggregate Tests.
stant (K ) for use as an aid in selecting a bitumen content for
c
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published February 1998. Originally
open-graded friction courses.
published as D5148–90. Last previous edition D5148–95. DOI: 10.1520/D5148-
97R02.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 Centrifuge, power driven, capable of exerting a force of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 400 6 8 times gravity (400 G) on a 100-g sample.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5148–97 (2002)
Therequiredr/min ~610!ofthecentrifugehead 5
~25.4~14000000/r!
=
where r =radius to center of gravity of sample, mm.
13 1
5.2 Centrifuge Cups, 71.4 6 1.6 mm (2 ⁄16 6 ⁄16 in.) in
1 1
heightand52.4 61.6mm(2 ⁄16 6 ⁄16in.)insidediameter(see
Fig. 1) complete with perforated brass plate 0.787 6 0.03 mm
(0.031 6 0.001 in.) thick with a minimum of 15 holes, 1.575
mm 6 0.03 mm (0.0626 0.001 in.) in diameter, per square
centimetre (100 holes/in. ).
5.3 Balance—Abalancehavingaminimumcapacityof500
g and meeting the rquirements of Specification D4753, Class
GP2.
7 1
5.4 Metal Funnel, top diameter 98.4 6 1.6 mm (3 ⁄8 6 ⁄16
5 1
in.),height109.5 61.6mm(4 ⁄16 6 ⁄16in.),orifice12.7 61.6
1 1
mm ( ⁄2 6 ⁄16 in.), with a piece of No. 10 (2.0-mm) sieve
soldered slightly above the orifice (Fig. 2).
1 1
5.5 Tin Pan, round, 114.3 6 1.6 mm (4 ⁄2 6 ⁄16-in.)
diameter, 25.4 6 1.6 mm (16 ⁄16 in.) deep.
6. Materials
6.1 Kerosine. FIG. 2 Detailed Drawing for Metal Funnel
6.2 Lubricating Oil, SAE No. 10 (see Note 1).
6.3 Filter Paper, size 5 ⁄2-cm diameter, Type 1, Class B. 7. Hazards
7.1 Warning—Kerosine is flammable, and therefore cau-
NOTE 2—VWR Guide No. 613 satisfiesASTM grade Type 1, Class B,
Specification E832. tion should be used in storage and use.
FIG. 1 Detailed Drawing of a Centrifuge Cup
D5148–97 (2002)
8. Sampling 10.2.1 Quarter or split out approximately 105 g for each
sample, representative of the material passing ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm)
8.1 Sampling is done in accordance with Practice D75.
and retained on No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve material.
8.2 Reduce the sample in accordance with Practice C702.
10.2.2 Drysampleonhotplateorin110 65°C(230 69°F)
oventoconstantweightandallowtocooltoroomtemperature.
9. Preparation of Sample
10.2.3 Weigh out 100.0 g 6 0.1 g and place in funnel (see
9.1 Determine the bulk specific gravity of the coarse aggre-
5.4).
gate (4.1) and apparent specific gravity of the fine aggregate
10.2.4 Completely immerse specimen in SAE No. 10 lubri-
(4.2), using Test Methods C127 and C128, respectively.
cating oil for 5 min (see Note 1).
10.2.5 Place the funnel in a container, maintaining the axis
NOTE 3—Apparent specific gravity is used for the fine aggregate
because it is easier to determine than the bulk specific gravity, and its use in a vertical position and allow to drain for 2 min.
does not affect the CKE results.
10.2.6 Placefunnelcontainingsamplein60°C(140°F)oven
for 15 min of additional draining, remembering to keep the
9.2 Specific Gravity—Calculate the average specific gravity
funnel axis in a vertical position.
for the aggregate based upon the design grading by the
10.2.7 Poursamplefromfunnelintotaredpan,cooltoroom
following formula:
temperature, and reweigh sample to nearest 0.1 g. Subtract
original weight and record difference as percent of oil retained
G 5 (1)
P P
c f
(based on 100 g of dry aggregate).
100G 100G
c f
11. Determination ofK Factors
where:
G = average specific gravity,
11.1 Use the following surface area factors to calculate
P = coarse aggregate present in the original sample,
c
surface area based upon design grading as follows:
weight %,
Sieve Size
P = fine aggregate present in the original sample, weight 2 2
f
Passed m /Kg ft /lb
%, Maximum size 0.41 2
No. 4 (4.75 mm) 0.41 2
G = bulk (oven dry) specific gravity of the coarse aggre-
c
No. 8 (2.36 mm) 0.82 4
gate, and
No. 16 (1.18 mm) 1.6 8
G = apparent specific gravity of the fine aggregate.
No. 30 (600 µm) 2.9 14
f
No. 50 (300 µm) 6.1 30
9.3 Separate the aggregate into two size groups, “C” mate-
No. 100 (150 µm) 12.3 60
rial (used for K determinations) passing the ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm)
c
No. 200 (75 µm) 32.8 160
sieve and retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve, and “F”
11.1.1
...
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