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ASTM E405-04(2018)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows

Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These tests provide standard methods for evaluating the mechanical performance of the rotary-type window operators, while the operators are subjected to cyclic wear in opening and closing against the operating moment.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear-type rotary operating devices used for opening and closing windows (Note 1).  
1.2 These test methods do not directly determine the effects of varying environmental conditions but may be employed after environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of such exposure.  
1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate the structural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximum force to which it may be subjected.  
Note 1: Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-bar operators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 9.1.2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2018
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E631-14 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Refers
ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
Effective Date
01-Mar-2015

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ASTM E405-04(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for WindowsASTM E405-04(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
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ASTM E405-04(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E405 − 04 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Wear Testing Rotary Operators for Windows
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear- 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
type rotary operating devices used for opening and closing nology E631 unless otherwise indicated.
windows (Note 1).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 closing torque, n—a constant torque applied to the
1.2 These test methods do not directly determine the effects
input shaft when the operator is in the fully closed position,
of varying environmental conditions but may be employed
simulating the forces applied by a person tightly closing the
after environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of such
exposure. window and shall be expressed in pound-force-inches (or
newton metres).
1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate the
structural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximum
3.2.2 fully closed position of the operator, n—the position of
force to which it may be subjected.
the operator with the window in a fully closed position.
NOTE 1—Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-bar
3.2.3 fully opened position of the operator, n—the position
operators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.
ofthearmfrom2to5°shortoflockingthemechanismwiththe
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
window in an open position.
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
3.2.4 gear-type rotary operator, n—a mechanical operating
may be approximate.
device for opening and closing windows. It consists basically
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of an operating handle turning an input shaft which drives a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
gear mechanism that causes an arm or arms to pivot, operating
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the window.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.5 operating moment, n—the product of the applied force
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and the length of the output lever arm from the point of load
For a specific hazard statement, see 9.1.2.
application to the pivot axis. It shall be expressed in pound-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
force-inches (or newton metres). During a test cycle, the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
operating moment varies from a maximum value with the arm
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in a centered position (peak operating moment) to some lesser
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
value as the arm is moved away from the centered position.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.6 operator test specimen, n—an entire, assembled gear-
type rotary operator, including the operating handle.
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.2.7 test cycle, n:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7.1 Test Method A—fully opening and fully closing the
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
operator.
3.2.7.2 Test Method B—the number of rotations of the
1 handle to open and close the operator fully.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
3.2.8 test force, n, for Test Method A—the force applied to
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
the operator arm at the point of attachment. The required test
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
force in pounds-force (or newtons) is equal to the specified
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E405–04 (2012). DOI:
10.1520/E0405-04R18.
peak operating moment in pound-force-inches (or newton
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
metres) divided by the distance in inches (or metres) measured
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
perpendicular to the line of action of the force from the pivot
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. axis to the poin
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.  
5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This field test procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.  
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1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
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ASTM E1425-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to air tightness.
Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
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1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.  
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.  
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).  
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.  
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1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
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Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform static air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1424-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the Specimen

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The exterior building envelope and its components (for example, windows and doors) separate the interior conditioned spaces from exterior environmental factors such as heat, cold, rain, wind, noise dust, etc. Building materials and components can expand or contract to varying degrees, depending on seasonal and diurnal exterior ambient air temperatures. Fluctuations in the ambient air temperatures can alter the sealing characteristics of windows, curtain walls, and doors by changing weather seal compression ratios. Thermal expansion or contraction of framing materials coupled with thermal blowing due to temperature gradients through the product, and alterations in the effective leakage areas due to weather seal shrinkage and compression set, can also significantly alter the air leakage rates of these products in field service applications. Air leakage tests performed using Test Method E283 (a laboratory air leakage test performed at ambient temperature conditions) will not account accurately for changes in air leakage rates that may occur from dimensional changes in fenestration systems, materials, and components.  
5.2 It is recommended that test specifiers consult the manufacturer for recommended test temperature extremes.  
5.3 This procedure provides a means for evaluating air leakage rates of fenestration systems under various temperature and pressure conditions and air flow directions. It is also applicable for use in evaluating the efficiency of weather sealing products in fenestration systems. All air flow rates are converted to standard conditions to provide a means of comparison between measurements made at different ambient air temperature and pressure conditions.  
5.4 Air leakage rates are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential air temperature and pressure conditions across the specimen.  
1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are representative of those that may be encountered at the exterior thermal envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat buildup due to solar radiation.  
1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.  
1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test at ambient conditions should reference Test Method E283. Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and doors should reference Test Method E783.  
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technic...

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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off