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ASTM B456-11e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus
Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for several types and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chromium and nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, copper, copper alloys, Type 300 and 400 series stainless steels, aluminum, aluminum alloys, and zinc alloys for application where both appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion are important. This specification does not cover plating on plastics. Each coating shall be designated a classification code, which comprises of the following numbers and symbols: service condition number, which indicates the severity of exposure for which the coating is intended; coating classification number, which contains the chemical symbol of each metallic element that comprises the basis metal, or the designated AISI number in the case of stainless steels, and their corresponding thickness; and symbols for expressing the type of coating. Products shall be sampled and inspected accordingly for visual defects, thickness, adhesion, elongation, ductility, corrosion, sulfur content, density, and discontinuities.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for several types and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chromium or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel plus chromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel plus chromium coatings on Type 300 and 400 series stainless steel and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on aluminum and its alloys and zinc alloys for applications where both appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion are important. Five grades of coatings are provided to correspond with the service conditions under which each is expected to provide satisfactory performance: namely, extended very severe, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitions and typical examples of these service conditions are provided in Appendix X1.
1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements for the plating on plastics, see Specification B604.
1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4, and Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2011
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.05 - Decorative Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B456-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B368-21 - Standard Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B380-97(2023) - Standard Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1602-12(2023) - Standard Specification for Kettles, Steam-Jacketed, 20 to 200 gal (75.7 to 757 L), Floor or Wall Mounted, Direct Steam, Gas and Electric Heated
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1603-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Kettles, Steam-Jacketed, 32 oz to 20 gal (1 to 75.7 L), Tilting, Table Mounted, Direct Steam, Gas and Electric Heated
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM E2112-23 - Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B687-99(2023) - Standard Specification for Brass, Copper, and Chromium-Plated Pipe Nipples
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B764-04(2021) - Standard Test Method for Simultaneous Thickness and Electrode Potential Determination of Individual Layers in Multilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B252-92(2020) - Standard Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B490-09(2021) - Standard Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposits
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM B634-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Rhodium for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011

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ASTM B456-11e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus ChromiumASTM B456-11e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
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ASTM B456-11e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus<br> Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:B456 −11
Standard Specification for
Electrodeposited Coatings of Copper Plus Nickel Plus
1
Chromium and Nickel Plus Chromium
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—This standard was corrected editorially in 2011.
1. Scope B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
troplating
1.1 This specification covers requirements for several types
B252 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for
and grades of electrodeposited copper plus nickel plus chro-
Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
mium or nickel plus chromium coatings on steel, nickel plus
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-
chromium coatings on copper and copper alloys, nickel plus
troplating
chromium coatings on Type 300 and 400 series stainless steel
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on aluminum
and its alloys and zinc alloys for applications where both Stainless Steel
appearance and protection of the basis metal against corrosion B281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base
are important. Five grades of coatings are provided to corre-
Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
spondwiththeserviceconditionsunderwhicheachisexpected
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
to provide satisfactory performance: namely, extended very
plating
severe, very severe, severe, moderate, and mild. Definitions
B368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt
and typical examples of these service conditions are provided
Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
in Appendix X1.
B380 Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative
1.2 This specification does not cover the requirements for
Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure
the plating on plastics, see Specification B604.
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test
Cross Section
methods portions, Appendix X2, Appendix X3, Appendix X4,
and Appendix X5 of this specification: This standard does not B489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-
purport to address all of safety concerns, if any, associated ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
Metals
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
B490 Practice for Micrometer Bend Test for Ductility of
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
Electrodeposits
use.
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
2. Referenced Documents
Magnetic Basis Metals
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
Electroplating
B530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coat-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee ings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates
B08.05 on Decorative Coatings.
B537 Practice for Rating of Electroplated Panels Subjected
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2011.PublishedJuly2011.Originallyapproved
to Atmospheric Exposure
in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B456 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/
B0456-11E01. B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
by X-Ray Spectrometry
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Coatings
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
B456−11
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and 4.2.2 Typical service conditions for which the various
Inorganic Coatings service condition numbers are appropriate are given in Appen-
B604 Specification for Decorative Electroplated Coatings of dix X1.
Copper Plus Nickel Plus Chromium on Plastics
4.3 Coating Classification Number—The coating classifica-
B659 Guide for Mea
...

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Platinum  
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Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings

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This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications (for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts), for electronics applications (including as underplates in contacts or interconnections), and in certain joining applications. Coatings shall be available in any one of the following types: Type 1, coatings electroplated from solutions not containing hardeners, brighteners, or stress control additives; Type 2, electrodeposits used at moderate temperatures, and contain sulfur or other codeposited elements or compounds that are present to increase the hardness, refine grain structure, or control internal stress; and Type 3, electroplates containing dispersed submicron particles such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and aluminum oxide that are present to increase hardness and wear resistance at specified temperatures. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatments to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness (measured either destructively by microscopical or coulometric method, or nondestructively by magnetic or X-ray method), adhesion (examined either by bend, file, heat and quench, or push test), porosity (assessed either by hot water, ferroxyl, or flowers of sulfur test), workmanship, and hydrogen embrittlement relief.
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications, for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain joining applications.  
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:  
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,  
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1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,  
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and  
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.  
Note 1: Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about 99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from a Watts nickel bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposit are given in Guide B832. When electroplated nickel is required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other substances are incorporated in the nickel deposit through the use of certain addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such additives, see Section 4 and Annex A3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.  
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Note 1: The following ASTM standards are not requirements. They are reference for information only: Practice B537, Specification B456, Test Method B602, and Specification B604.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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