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ASTM D4947-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Chlordane and Heptachlor Residues in Indoor Air (Withdrawn 2011)

Standard Test Method for Chlordane and Heptachlor Residues in Indoor Air (Withdrawn 2011)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used primarily for non-occupational exposure monitoring in domiciles, public access buildings and offices.
Chlordane has been used widely as a general insecticide for crops (for example, cotton) and as a termiticide. Heptachlor is a major component of technical chlordane and an insecticide in its own right. Although their use in the United States was discontinued in 1988, residues of the chemicals may remain in indoor air for many years after application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sampling and analysis of indoor atmospheres for residues of chlordane and heptachlor.
1.2 This test method is based upon the collection of chlordane and heptachlor from air onto polyurethane foam (PUF) and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection.
1.3 This test method is applicable to concentrations of chlordane varying from 0.1 to 100 g/m3 and heptachlor varying from 0.01 to 80.0 g/m3 with sampling periods to collect at least 0.25 m3 of air. Detection limits will depend upon the conditions of the gas chromatography (GC) and the length of the sampling period.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the sampling and analysis of indoor atmospheres for residues of chlordane and heptachlor.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D22 on Air Quality, this test method was withdrawn in September 2011 since the use of the termiticides chlordane and heptachlor was discontinued over 30 years ago and residues of these chemicals in and around a household are expected to be undetectable.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
Withdrawal Date
31-Aug-2011
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.05 - Indoor Air
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4947-00 - Standard Test Method for Chlordane and Heptachlor Residues in Indoor Air
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D4947-05 - Standard Test Method for Chlordane and Heptachlor Residues in Indoor Air (Withdrawn 2011)ASTM D4947-05 - Standard Test Method for Chlordane and Heptachlor Residues in Indoor Air (Withdrawn 2011)
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ASTM D4947-05 - Standard Test Method for Chlordane and Heptachlor Residues in Indoor Air (Withdrawn 2011)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4947 – 05
Standard Test Method for
1
Chlordane and Heptachlor Residues in Indoor Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
tionships
1.1 This test method covers the sampling and analysis of
2.2 EPA Methods:
indoor atmospheres for residues of chlordane and heptachlor.
Compendium of Methods for the Determination to Toxic
1.2 This test method is based upon the collection of chlor-
Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, EPA 600/R-96/
dane and heptachlor from air onto polyurethane foam (PUF)
3
010b
and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with electron
2.3 Other Documents:
capture detection.
4
Indoor Sampling Guidelines for Termiticides
1.3 This test method is applicable to concentrations of
3
chlordane varying from 0.1 to 100 µg/m and heptachlor
3. Terminology
3
varying from 0.01 to 80.0 µg/m with sampling periods to
3 3.1 Definitions:
collect at least 0.25 m of air. Detection limits will depend
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D1356, Practice E355, and
upon the conditions of the gas chromatography (GC) and the
Practice D4861 for definitions of terms used in this test
length of the sampling period.
method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 The term “chlordane” refers to a technical-grade
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mixture consisting mostly of chlorinated Diels-Alder addition
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
products of cyclopentadiene and hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
The mixture consists of 50 or more compounds, 10 of which
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5
are major components (1). The isomers a-(or cis-) and g-(or
2. Referenced Documents trans-) chlordane, heptachlor, and trans-nonachlor are among
2
these.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2.1 The terms “chlordane” and “technical” chlordane
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
are used interchangeably.
Atmospheres
3.1.3 Heptachlorisasinglechemicalcompound,whichmay
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
be used alone or in formulations with technical chlordane. It is
ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
also a component of technical chlordane.
sorption Method)
D3687 Practice forAnalysis of Organic Compound Vapors
4. Summary of Practice
Collected by the Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption
4.1 Alow-volume (1 to 5 L/min) sampler is used to collect
Method
airborne chlordane and heptachlor on a sorbent cartridge
D4185 Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace
containing PUF. The method is taken from Refs. (2) through
Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectropho-
(4) and Practice D4861.
tometry
4.2 Chlordaneandheptachlorareextractedfromthesorbent
D4861 Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical
cartridge with 5% diethyl ether in hexane and analyzed on a
Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture
in Air
detector (ECD).
4.3 Because of the possibility of interfering materials hav-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Sampling
ing similar retention times to chlordane and heptachlor peaks,
and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4947-00. DOI: Available from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Infor-
10.1520/D4947-05. mation Service, Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Wood Protection Council, National Institute for Building
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Sciences, Washington, DC, 1987.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4947 – 05
column chromatography or the use of a second chromato- diameter poly(5% -diphenyl-95% dimethylsiloxane) fused-
8
graphic column of a different type is necessary to obtain silica capillary column, film thickness 1.5 µm, for confirma-
...

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4.1 This practice is intended for the collection of airborne fungal spores or fragments, or both, using inertial impaction.  
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5.1 This practice is recommended for use in measuring the concentration of VOCs in ambient, indoor, and workplace atmospheres. It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers for material emission testing or human exposure assessment.  
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3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
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5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
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1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
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1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
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1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
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1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
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1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM
ASTM D4323-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere by Rate of Change of Reflectance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen sulfide is an odorous substance which is offensive even at low concentrations in the atmosphere and toxic at higher levels. It may be a product of biological processes in the absence of oxygen, as may occur in municipal landfills. It is emitted from geothermal sources, occurs in oil and gas, and may be emitted from industrial processes. Measurement is required for air pollution studies, for pollution control, environmental justice based monitoring, and for plume characterization. This test method is intended for hydrogen sulfide content up to 3000 ppbv. Measurement of hydrogen sulfide above this concentration in gaseous fuels, carbon dioxide or other gaseous matrices is described in Test Method D4084. Equipment described is suitable for fixed site or for mobile monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the automatic continuous determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the atmosphere or in gaseous samples in the range from one part per billion by volume (1 ppb/v) to 3000 ppb/v. Information obtained may be used for air-pollution studies, fence-line monitoring, and other source emission monitoring.  
1.2 The range may be extended by appropriate dilution techniques or by equipment modification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Section 9 for specific safety precautionary statements.)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D3162-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Determination of carbon monoxide is essential to evaluation of many air pollution concerns and pollution control strategies. This test method derives significance from providing such determination.  
5.2 Carbon monoxide is formed in the process of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, and is a constituent of the exhaust of gasoline engines. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards for CO that are designed to protect the public health and welfare (3, 4).  
5.3 This test method is suitable for measurements appropriate for the purposes noted in 5.1 and 5.2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the atmosphere between 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) and 115 mg/m3 (100 ppm(v)). The measuring principle is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by CO in the 4.7 μm region (1).2  
1.2 The test method has a limit of detection of about 0.6 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm(v)) carbon monoxide in air.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values and units in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional precautions.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off