ASTM D1067-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acidity and alkalinity measurements are used to assist in establishing levels of chemical treatment to control scale, corrosion, and other adverse chemical equilibria.
4.2 Levels of acidity or alkalinity are critical in establishing solubilities of some metals, toxicity of some metals, and the buffering capacity of some waters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover the determination of acidity or alkalinity of all types of water. Three test methods are given as follows:
Sections
Test Method A (Electrometric Titration)
7 to 15
Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration)
16 to 24
Test Method C (Color-Change Titration After Hydrogen
Peroxide Oxidation and Boiling)
25 to 33
1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxyl ions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolysis of its solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures, Test Method A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to as a pH curve), which defines the acidity or alkalinity of the sample and indicates inflection points and buffering capacity, if any. In addition, the acidity or alkalinity can be determined with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two methods are used to determine acidity or alkalinity relative to a predesignated end point based on the change in color of an internal indicator or the equivalent end point measured by a pH meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.
1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the effects of any anticipated changes in composition on the titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition of the water, and a knowledge of the characteristics of the process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid changes in pH) are usually preferred for accurate analysis of sample composition and obtaining the best precision, the use of an inflection point for process control may result in significant errors in chemical treatment or process control in some applications. When titrating to a selected end point dictated by practical considerations, (1) only a part of the actual neutralizing capacity of the water may be measured, or (2) this capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum acidity or alkalinity conditions.
1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.
1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration) and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontinued. Refer to Appendix X4 for historical information.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1067 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
1
Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* errors in chemical treatment or process control in some
2 applications. When titrating to a selected end point dictated by
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of acidity
practical considerations, (1) only a part of the actual neutral-
or alkalinity of all types of water. Three test methods are given
izing capacity of the water may be measured, or (2) this
as follows:
capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum
Sections
acidity or alkalinity conditions.
Test Method A (Electrometric Titration) 7 to 15
Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration) 16 to 24
1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a
Test Method C (Color-Change Titration After Hydrogen 25 to 33
guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the
Peroxide Oxidation and Boiling)
acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.
1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxyl
ions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolysis 1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration)
of its solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontin-
alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures, ued. Refer to Appendix X4 for historical information.
Test Method A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
as a pH curve), which defines the acidity or alkalinity of the
standard.
sampleandindicatesinflectionpointsandbufferingcapacity,if
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
any. In addition, the acidity or alkalinity can be determined
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
methods are used to determine acidity or alkalinity relative to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a predesignated end point based on the change in color of an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
internalindicatorortheequivalentendpointmeasuredbyapH
meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the
D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
effects of any anticipated changes in composition on the
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
of the water, and a knowledge of the characteristics of the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
changes in pH) are usually preferred for accurate analysis of
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
samplecompositionandobtainingthebestprecision,theuseof
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
an inflection point for process control may result in significant
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
Water and are the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
in Water.
of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis
Current edition approved June 15, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1067 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/D1067-16.
2 3
The basic procedures used in these test methods have appeared widespread in For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the technical literature for many years. Only the particular adaptation of the contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
electrometric titration ap
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1067 − 11 D1067 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
1
Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of acidity or alkalinity of all types of water. Three test methods are given as
follows:
Sections
Test Method A (Electrometric Titration) 7 to 15
Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration) 16 to 24
Test Method C (Color-Change Titration After Hydrogen 25 to 33
Peroxide Oxidation and Boiling)
1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxyl ions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolysis of its
solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures, Test Method
A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to as a pH curve),
which defines the acidity or alkalinity of the sample and indicates inflection points and buffering capacity, if any. In addition, the
acidity or alkalinity can be determined with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two methods are used to determine
acidity or alkalinity relative to a predesignated end point based on the change in color of an internal indicator or the equivalent
end point measured by a pH meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.
1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the effects
of any anticipated changes in composition on the titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition of the water, and
a knowledge of the characteristics of the process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid changes in pH) are usually
preferred for accurate analysis of sample composition and obtaining the best precision, the use of an inflection point for process
control may result in significant errors in chemical treatment or process control in some applications. When titrating to a selected
end point dictated by practical considerations, (1) only a part of the actual neutralizing capacity of the water may be measured,
or (2) this capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum acidity or alkalinity conditions.
1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the
acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.
1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration) and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontinued.
Refer to Appendix X4 for historical information.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011June 15, 2016. Published April 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
D1067 – 06.D1067 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D1067-11.10.1520/D1067-16.
2
The basic procedures used in these test methods have appeared widespread in the technical literature for many years. Only the particular adaptation of the electrometric
titration appearing as the Referee Method is believed to be largely the work of Committee D19.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...
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