ASTM F481-97(2002)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe and Corrugated Pipe in Septic Tank Leach Fields
Standard Practice for Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe and Corrugated Pipe in Septic Tank Leach Fields
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for handling and installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank leach fields, curtain drains, and from the septic tank to the leach field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field.
1.2 To ensure compliance with local regulatory provisions, the local approving authority (local health departments and so forth) should be contacted regarding specific requirements for leach field design materials and installation.
1.3 This practice applies to pipe and fittings made under each of the following ASTM specifications:
1.3.1 For transport from tank to leach field: Specifications D 2680, D 2729, D 2751, D 2852, D 3034, F 405, F 758, F 789, F 810, F 891, F 892, and F 949.
1.3.2 Perforated, for use in leach field or curtain drain: Specifications D 2729, D 2751, F 405, F 810, F 891, and F 892.
1.4 Pipe intended for installation in accordance with this practice should have a minimum pipe stiffness as specified in the appropriate product standard referenced in 1.3.1 or 1.3.2.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
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An American National Standard
Designation:F 481–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe and Corrugated Pipe in
Septic Tank Leach Fields
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics
1.1 This practice describes procedures for handling and
D 2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-
installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank
plastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applica-
leachfields,curtaindrains,andfromtheseptictanktotheleach
tions
field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily
D 2680 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a
(ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer
leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil
Piping
absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to
D 2729 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field.
Sewer Pipe and Fittings
1.2 To ensure compliance with local regulatory provisions,
D 2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
the local approving authority (local health departments and so
(ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
forth) should be contacted regarding specific requirements for
D 2852 Specification for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Drain
leach field design materials and installation.
Pipe and Fittings
1.3 This practice applies to pipe and fittings made under
D 3034 Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
each of the following ASTM specifications:
(PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
1.3.1 For transport from tank to leach field: Specifications
F 405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe
D 2680, D 2729, D 2751, D 2852, D 3034, F 405, F 758,
and Fittings
F 789, F 810, F 891, F 892, and F 949.
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.3.2 Perforated, for use in leach field or curtain drain:
F 449 Practice for Subsurface Installation of Corrugated
Specifications D 2729, D 2751, F 405, F 810, F 891, and
Polyethylene (PE) Pipe forAgricultural Drainage or Water
F 892.
Table Control
1.4 Pipe intended for installation in accordance with this
F 758 Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
practice should have a minimum pipe stiffness as specified in
(PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport,
the appropriate product standard referenced in 1.3.1 or 1.3.2.
and Similar Drainage
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
F 789 Specification for Type PS-46 Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
as the standard.
(PVC) Plastic Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe and Fittings
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
F 810 Specification for Smooth-Wall Polyethylene (PE)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Pipe for Use in Drainage and Waste Disposal Absorption
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Fields
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
F 891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
(PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular Core
precautionary statements, see Section 7.
F 892 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Corrugated Pipe
2. Referenced Documents
With a Smooth Interior and Fittings
F 949 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corru-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gated Sewer Pipe With a Smooth Interior and Fittings
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.65 on Land
Drainage.
Current edition approved May 10, 1997. Published November 1997. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
published as F 481 – 76. Last previous edition F 481 – 94. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 481–97 (2002)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F 412
and abbreviations are in accordance withTerminology D 1600,
unless otherwise specified.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dual-wall pipe—pipe with corrugated exterior and
smooth interior.
3.2.2 pipe—smooth or corrugated interior wall thermoplas-
tic pipe.
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
FIG. 1 Gravel Leach Trench
4. General Requirements
4.1 Storage—Pipe should be stored with support from a flat
are placed down. It should be held in place by alignment
surface to prevent the pipe from developing a permanent set.
supports, such as wooden stakes or steel rods.
4.2 Handling—Care should be exercised during loading,
NOTE 3—Some authorities require the covering of the line with
unloading, and in transit because pipe may be damaged by
untreated building paper or a geotextile to prevent entry of aggregate,
abrasion and sharp edges. Because thermoplastics are tempo-
prior to the next step.This is usually required only in areas that require the
rarily softened by high temperatures, care should be taken
perforations to be oriented on the top instead of the bottom of the pipe.
under these conditions to avoid damage during handling
5.6 For gravel systems, place aggregate around the pipe
operations.
until only the top center is still visible. Make a final check of
4.3 If contact with chemicals not ordinarily present in
grade and alignment. It is particularly important that the side
sanitary sewage is anticipated, the approval of the regulatory
walls be given uniform and continuous support to provide
authority to install pipe should be obtained.
lateralrestraintagainstdeflectionduringbackfillingoperations.
NOTE 1—The manufacturer should be contacted for information on
Care should be taken to prevent damage to the lines. Do not
chemical resistance.
permit a dump truck or front-end loader to dump directly over
the pipe. Call for final inspection by local authority if required.
4.4 Coiled pipe is not recommended for use in leach fields
because it is difficult to install at the proper grade and 5.6.1 Add additional aggregate until the lines are covered to
a minimum depth of 2 in. (50 mm) above the pipe (see Fig. 1).
alignment; it is acceptable with special equipment installation.
Remove alignment supports, level the aggregate, and backfill
NOTE 2—Corrugated interior pipe should not be used between the
to grade with soil. An additional 4 to 6-in. (100 to 150-mm)
dwelling and the waste
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