F17.65 - Land Drainage

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, testing, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for mine drainage, leachate collection, heap leach aeration, and transmission pipe. It covers nominal sizes 50 mm (2 in.) to 250 mm (10 in.) in single-wall profile, and 75 mm (3 in.) to 1500 mm (60 in.) in double-wall profile.  
1.2 This specification covers single profile wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 1, and double wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 2.
FIG. 1 Typical Single Wall Profile Cross-Section
FIG. 2 Typical Double Wall Profile Cross-Section  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications. Two classes (or pipe stiffness) are included and designated as PS 28 and PS 46. The pipe stiffness, impact resistance, pipe flattening, and solvent cement joint tightness shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications in nominal sizes of 4, 6, and 8 in. and in pipe stiffnesses (PS) that are designated as Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 in accordance with its minimum pipe stiffness.  
1.2 Molded fittings for use with highway underdrain pipe are in accordance with Specification D3034. For convenience, some of these fittings are reproduced in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 indicate “pipe stiffness” of 28 and 46, respectively, as outlined in 11.1.
Note 2: Pipe and fittings should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321, or applicable state or local specifications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 50 mm to 1500 mm [2 in. to 60 in.].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.
Note 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).  
1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe. Corrugated PE pipe and fittings are intended for underground applications where soil provides support to their flexible walls. Their major use is to collect or convey drainage water, or both. The following tests shall be performed: dimensions and tolerances; pipe stiffness; elongation; pipe stiffness while elongated; joint-separation test; and brittleness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. [76 mm], 4 in. [102 mm], 5 in. [127 mm] 6 in. [152 mm], 8 in. [203 mm], 10 in. [254 mm], 12 in. [305 mm], 15 in. [381 mm], 18 in. [457 mm], and 24 in. [610 mm].  
1.2 This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for flexible annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe with an interior liner. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. (75 mm), 4 in. (100 mm), 5 in. (125 mm), 6 in. (150 mm), 8 in. (200 mm), 10 in. (250 mm), 12 in. (300 mm), 15 in. (375 mm), 18 in (450 mm), and 24 in (600 mm).  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) lined flexible annular corrugated polyethylene pipe for subsurface and land drainage systems, such as agricultural or foundations, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1: Pipe produced in accordance with this specification is to be installed in compliance with Practice F449. Lined flexible annular corrugated polyethylene provides axial flexibility allowing for subsurface installation using tile plows and allows the pipe to be coiled for storage and transport.
Note 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to agricultural applications for water table control.
Note 3: Lined flexible pipe provided in coiled lengths will experience distortion or folding in the interior pipe liner which may adversely affect flow characteristics, contact the pipe manufacturer for hydraulic design guidance for the coiled lined flexible pipe.  
1.3 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures for subsurface installation of corrugated polyethylene pipe, in accordance with the flexible conduit principles, intended for agricultural drainage or water table control. It is not however recommended for sanitary and storm sewer applications. General requirements for installation include: maximum and minimum burial depth; trench width; design of blinding, bedding, or envelope materials that are to be placed as the pipe is installed to ensure uniform continuous support; and granular or synthetic filters that are used to restrict the movement of particles into the pipe so as to maintain its hydraulic capacity. The pipe shall be aligned as smooth as possible with a curve radius larger than five times the pipe diameter while the backfill material shall be placed preferably on an angle to prevent pipe displacement or deflection. Stony trenches shall be avoided and any over-excavation or rock excavation shall be treated with proper bedding material. Factors that affect the proper handling of the pipe such as temperature; stretch caused by tension and bending forces; synthetic envelopes and filters that are subject to abrasion and tearing; and protection from fire hazards, livestock, heavy wheel traffic, and rodents or other animals shall also be considered during installation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is recommended for and limited to gravity flow subsurface drainage systems or water table control, but not recommended for sanitary or storm sewer applications. Procedures are outlined to minimize pipe deflection or structural damage during and after the installation process. These installation procedures are in accordance with “flexible conduit” principles.  
1.2 This practice applies to all agricultural subsurface drainage or water table control installations using Specification F667, F2648, or other plastic pipe.
Note 1: Specific references to the appendix in the body of this practice are for informational purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only, may not be equivalents and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for closed-cell cellular polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Perforations to enhance water flow are permitted. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, and flattening. Chamber end caps shall be produced of PP or polyethylene (PE) by a suitable manufacturing process provided that all other product requirements in this standard are met.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes procedures for handling and installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank leach fields, curtain drains, and from the septic tank to the leach field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field. Pipe should be stored with support from a flat surface to prevent the pipe from developing a permanent set. Care should be exercised during loading, unloading, and in transit because pipe may be damaged by abrasion and sharp edges. Because thermoplastics are temporarily softened by high temperatures, care should be taken under these conditions to avoid damage during handling operations. Coiled pipe is not recommended for use in leach fields because it is difficult to install at the proper grade and alignment; it is acceptable with special equipment installation. Pipe can reach comparatively high temperatures when exposed to the sun and this reduces the pipe stiffness appreciably. Therefore, precautions must be taken to prevent the impact of sharp or heavy objects, the sudden imposition of heavy overburden or excessive pull on such pipe. The pipe regains full strength and stiffness as the temperature decreases to that of the soil; this will normally require about five minutes. Care in handling and installation should be exercised under low-temperature conditions to avoid damage. As temperatures decrease, some types of pipe tend to become more brittle and less flexible.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for handling and installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank leach fields, curtain drains, and from the septic tank to the leach field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field.  
1.2 To ensure compliance with local regulatory provisions, the local approving authority (local health departments and so forth) should be contacted regarding specific requirements for leach field design materials and installation.  
1.3 This practice applies to pipe and fittings made under each of the following ASTM specifications:  
1.3.1 For transport from tank to leach field: Specifications D2680, D2729, D2751, D2852, D3034, F405, F758, F789, F810, F891, F892, and F949.  
1.3.2 Perforated, for use in leach field or curtain drain: Specifications D2729, D2751, F405, F810, F891, and F892.  
1.4 Pipe intended for installation in accordance with this practice should have a minimum pipe stiffness as specified in the appropriate product standard referenced in 1.3.1 or 1.3.2.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, elongation, brittleness, pipe stiffness, and markings for single wall corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipe and fittings used in non-pressure gravity applications, including leach field effluent disposal, and drainage applications such as land, roads, foundations, agricultural, and landfill. It applies to PP corrugated single wall pipe and fittings with nominal sizes 3 in. through 30 in. (75 mm through 750 mm). This specification includes minimum properties for PP compounds used in the manufacture of corrugated single wall pipes, as well as nominal pipe sizes, inside diameters and tolerances for single wall corrugated PP pipes. It also covers fittings and joining system requirements, installation requirements, sampling and retest, certification, reporting, packaging, and quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, elongation, brittleness, pipe stiffness, and markings for single wall corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. through 30 in. (75 mm through 750 mm)  
1.2 The corrugated polypropylene pipe and fittings are for use in non-pressure applications where soil-tight joints are acceptable, such as leach field effluent disposal, and drainage applications such as land, roads, foundations, agricultural, and landfill. Products meeting this specification are not suitable for applications requiring water-tight joints unless the manufacturer offers such joints as an option.
Note 1: Watertight joints, when requested or specified, should meet a 10.8 psi (74 kPa) laboratory internal and external pressure in accordance with Specification D3212 and should utilize a bell and spigot design with a gasket that complies with Specification F477.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. These collection chambers can be used as commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. This specification indicates the classifications, tolerances, and dimensions of the chambers. It also lists the test methods that examine the physical and mechanical properties of finished chambers.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers smoothwall perforated and nonperforated polyethylene (PE) pipe for use in drainage and waste disposal absorption fields. It covers requirements and test methods for workmanship, flattening, dimensions, tolerances, stiffness, perforations, environmental stress cracking, bonding, and impact resistance. Materials for pipe shall be PE compounds which may consist of lubricants, stabilizers, nonpoly(ethylene) resin modifiers, and pigments. Marking, labeling, installation, and quality assurance shall conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for workmanship, flattening, dimensions, tolerances, stiffness, perforations, environmental stress cracking, bonding, and impact resistance for smoothwall perforated and nonperforated polyethylene (PE) pipe, including coextruded and closed profile pipe. Methods of marking are also included.  
1.2 This specification includes two stiffness classes, referred to as, “Standard” and “Heavy Duty.”  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a rational method for structural design of thermoplastic stormwater chambers. The loads, capacities, and limit states are based on accepted load and resistance factor design for thermoplastic pipes; however, existing design specifications for thermoplastic pipes do not adequately address the design of chambers due to (1) open-bottom geometry, (2) support on integral foot, (3) varying circumferential corrugation geometry, and (4)  manufacture with alternative thermoplastic resin. This practice standardizes recommendations for designers to adequately address these aspects of chamber design.  
4.2 This practice is written to allow chamber manufacturers to evaluate chambers meeting existing classifications and to design chambers for new classifications as they are developed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice standardizes structural design of thermoplastic corrugated wall arch-shaped chambers used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. The practice is for chambers installed in a trench or bed and subjected to earth and live loads. Structural design includes the composite system made up of the chamber arch, the chamber foot, and the soil envelope. Relevant recognized practices include design of thermoplastic culvert pipes and design of foundations.  
1.2 This practice standardizes methods for manufacturers of buried thermoplastic structures to design for the time dependent behavior of plastics using soil support as an integral part of the structural system. This practice is not applicable to thermoplastic structures that do not include soil support as a component of the structural system.  
1.3 This practice is limited to structural design and does not provide guidance on hydraulic, hydrologic, or environmental design considerations that may need to be addressed for functional use of stormwater collection chambers.  
1.4 Stormwater chambers are most commonly embedded in open graded, angular aggregate which provide both structural support and open porosity for water storage. Should soils other than open graded, angular aggregate be specified for embedment, other installation and functional concerns may need to be addressed that are outside the scope of this practice.  
1.5 Chambers are produced in arch shapes to meet classifications that specify chamber rise, chamber span, minimum foot width, minimum wall thickness, and minimum arch stiffness constant. Chambers are manufactured with integral footings.  
1.6 Polypropylene chamber classifications are found in Specification F2418. Specification F2418 also specifies chamber manufacture and qualification.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, testing, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for mine drainage and leachate collection and transmission pipe. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. (75 mm), 4 in. (100 mm), 6 in. (150 mm), 8 in. (200 mm), 10 in. (250 mm), 12 in. (300 mm), 15 in. (375 mm), 18 in. (450 mm) and 24 in. (600 mm) diameter.  
1.2 This specification covers single profile wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 1, and double wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 2.
FIG. 1 Typical Single Wall Profile Cross-Section
FIG. 2 Typical Double Wall Profile Cross-Section  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 50 mm to 1500 mm [2 in. to 60 in.].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.
Note 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).  
1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.
Note 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).  
1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications. Two classes (or pipe stiffness) are included and designated as PS 28 and PS 46. The pipe stiffness, impact resistance, pipe flattening, and solvent cement joint tightness shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications in nominal sizes of 4, 6, and 8 in. and in pipe stiffnesses (PS) that are designated as Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 in accordance with its minimum pipe stiffness.  
1.2 Molded fittings for use with highway underdrain pipe are in accordance with Specification D3034. For convenience, some of these fittings are reproduced in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 indicate “pipe stiffness” of 28 and 46, respectively, as outlined in 11.1.
Note 2: Pipe and fittings should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321, or applicable state or local specifications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, elongation, brittleness, pipe stiffness, and markings for single wall corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. through 30 in. (75 mm through 750 mm)  
1.2 The corrugated polypropylene pipe and fittings are for use in non-pressure gravity applications, including leach field effluent disposal, and drainage applications such as land, roads, foundations, agricultural, and landfill.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.
Note 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1). (A) Inside Diameters for metric (SI) sizes are in direct Imperial equivalent dimensions  
1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, elongation, brittleness, pipe stiffness, and markings for single wall corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. through 30 in. (75 mm through 750 mm)  
1.2 The corrugated polypropylene pipe and fittings are for use in non-pressure gravity applications, including leach field effluent disposal, and drainage applications such as land, roads, foundations, agricultural, and landfill.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, testing, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for mine drainage and leachate collection and transmission pipe. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. (75 mm), 4 in. (100 mm), 6 in. (150 mm), 8 in. (200 mm), 10 in. (250 mm) 12 in. (300 mm), 15 in. (375 mm), 18 in. (450 mm) and 24 in. (600 mm) diameter.  
1.2 This specification covers single profile wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 1, and double wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 2.
FIG. 1 Typical Single Wall Profile Cross-Section
FIG. 2 Typical Double Wall Profile Cross-Section  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures for subsurface installation of corrugated polyethylene pipe, in accordance with the flexible conduit principles, intended for agricultural drainage or water table control. It is not however recommended for sanitary and storm sewer applications. General requirements for installation include: maximum and minimum burial depth; trench width; design of blinding, bedding, or envelope materials that are to be placed as the pipe is installed to ensure uniform continuous support; and granular or synthetic filters that are used to restrict the movement of particles into the pipe so as to maintain its hydraulic capacity. The pipe shall be aligned as smooth as possible with a curve radius larger than five times the pipe diameter while the backfill material shall be placed preferably on an angle to prevent pipe displacement or deflection. Stony trenches shall be avoided and any over-excavation or rock excavation shall be treated with proper bedding material. Factors that affect the proper handling of the pipe such as temperature; stretch caused by tension and bending forces; synthetic envelopes and filters that are subject to abrasion and tearing; and protection from fire hazards, livestock, heavy wheel traffic, and rodents or other animals shall also be considered during installation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is recommended for and limited to gravity flow subsurface drainage systems or water table control, but not recommended for sanitary or storm sewer applications. Procedures are outlined to minimize pipe deflection or structural damage during and after the installation process. These installation procedures are in accordance with “flexible conduit” principles.  
1.2 This practice applies to all agricultural subsurface drainage or water table control installations using Specification F667, F2648, or other plastic pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe. Corrugated PE pipe and fittings are intended for underground applications where soil provides support to their flexible walls. Their major use is to collect or convey drainage water, or both. The following tests shall be performed: dimensions and tolerances; pipe stiffness; elongation; pipe stiffness while elongated; joint-separation test; and brittleness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. [76 mm], 4 in. [102 mm], 5 in. [127 mm] 6 in. [152 mm], 8 in. [203 mm], 10 in. [254 mm], 12 in. [305 mm], 15 in. [381 mm], 18 in. [457 mm], and 24 in. [610 mm].  
1.2 This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe. Corrugated PE pipe and fittings are intended for underground applications where soil provides support to their flexible walls. Their major use is to collect or convey drainage water, or both. The following tests shall be performed: dimensions and tolerances; pipe stiffness; elongation; pipe stiffness while elongated; joint-separation test; and brittleness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. [76 mm], 4 in. [102 mm], 5 in. [127 mm] 6 in. [152 mm], 8 in. [203 mm], 10 in. [254 mm], 12 in. [305 mm], 15 in. [381 mm], 18 in. [457 mm], and 24 in. [610 mm].  
1.2 This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications. Two classes (or pipe stiffness) are included and designated as PS 28 and PS 46. The pipe stiffness, impact resistance, pipe flattening, and solvent cement joint tightness shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications in nominal sizes of 4, 6, and 8 in. and in pipe stiffnesses (PS) that are designated as Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 in accordance with its minimum pipe stiffness.  
1.2 Molded fittings for use with highway underdrain pipe are in accordance with Specification D3034. For convenience, some of these fittings are reproduced in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 indicate “pipe stiffness” of 28 and 46, respectively, as outlined in 11.1.  
Note 2: Pipe and fittings should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321, or applicable state or local specifications.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes procedures for handling and installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank leach fields, curtain drains, and from the septic tank to the leach field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field. Pipe should be stored with support from a flat surface to prevent the pipe from developing a permanent set. Care should be exercised during loading, unloading, and in transit because pipe may be damaged by abrasion and sharp edges. Because thermoplastics are temporarily softened by high temperatures, care should be taken under these conditions to avoid damage during handling operations. Coiled pipe is not recommended for use in leach fields because it is difficult to install at the proper grade and alignment; it is acceptable with special equipment installation. Pipe can reach comparatively high temperatures when exposed to the sun and this reduces the pipe stiffness appreciably. Therefore, precautions must be taken to prevent the impact of sharp or heavy objects, the sudden imposition of heavy overburden or excessive pull on such pipe. The pipe regains full strength and stiffness as the temperature decreases to that of the soil; this will normally require about five minutes. Care in handling and installation should be exercised under low-temperature conditions to avoid damage. As temperatures decrease, some types of pipe tend to become more brittle and less flexible.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for handling and installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank leach fields, curtain drains, and from the septic tank to the leach field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field.  
1.2 To ensure compliance with local regulatory provisions, the local approving authority (local health departments and so forth) should be contacted regarding specific requirements for leach field design materials and installation.  
1.3 This practice applies to pipe and fittings made under each of the following ASTM specifications:  
1.3.1 For transport from tank to leach field: Specifications D2680, D2729, D2751, D2852, D3034, F405, F758, F789, F810, F891, F892, and F949.  
1.3.2 Perforated, for use in leach field or curtain drain: Specifications D2729, D2751, F405, F810, F891, and F892.  
1.4 Pipe intended for installation in accordance with this practice should have a minimum pipe stiffness as specified in the appropriate product standard referenced in 1.3.1 or 1.3.2.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures for subsurface installation of corrugated polyethylene pipe, in accordance with the flexible conduit principles, intended for agricultural drainage or water table control. It is not however recommended for sanitary and storm sewer applications. General requirements for installation include: maximum and minimum burial depth; trench width; design of blinding, bedding, or envelope materials that are to be placed as the pipe is installed to ensure uniform continuous support; and granular or synthetic filters that are used to restrict the movement of particles into the pipe so as to maintain its hydraulic capacity. The pipe shall be aligned as smooth as possible with a curve radius larger than five times the pipe diameter while the backfill material shall be placed preferably on an angle to prevent pipe displacement or deflection. Stony trenches shall be avoided and any over-excavation or rock excavation shall be treated with proper bedding material. Factors that affect the proper handling of the pipe such as temperature; stretch caused by tension and bending forces; synthetic envelopes and filters that are subject to abrasion and tearing; and protection from fire hazards, livestock, heavy wheel traffic, and rodents or other animals shall also be considered during installation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is recommended for and limited to gravity flow subsurface drainage systems or water table control, but not recommended for sanitary or storm sewer applications. Procedures are outlined to minimize pipe deflection or structural damage during and after the installation process. These installation procedures are in accordance with “flexible conduit” principles.  
1.2 This practice applies to all agricultural subsurface drainage or water table control installations using Specification F405, F667 or other plastic pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. These collection chambers can be used as commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. This specification indicates the classifications, tolerances, and dimensions of the chambers. It also lists the test methods that examine the physical and mechanical properties of finished chambers.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. These collection chambers can be used as commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. This specification indicates the classifications, tolerances, and dimensions of the chambers. It also lists the test methods that examine the physical and mechanical properties of finished chambers.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.  
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a rational method for structural design of thermoplastic stormwater chambers. The loads, capacities, and limit states are based on accepted load and resistance factor design for thermoplastic pipes; however, existing design specifications for thermoplastic pipes do not adequately address the design of chambers due to (1) open-bottom geometry, (2) support on integral foot, (3) varying circumferential corrugation geometry, and (4)  manufacture with alternative thermoplastic resin. This practice standardizes recommendations for designers to adequately address these aspects of chamber design.  
4.2 This practice is written to allow chamber manufacturers to evaluate chambers meeting existing classifications and to design chambers for new classifications as they are developed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice standardizes structural design of thermoplastic corrugated wall arch-shaped chambers used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. The practice is for chambers installed in a trench or bed and subjected to earth and live loads. Structural design includes the composite system made up of the chamber arch, the chamber foot, and the soil envelope. Relevant recognized practices include design of thermoplastic culvert pipes and design of foundations.  
1.2 This practice standardizes methods for manufacturers of buried thermoplastic structures to design for the time dependent behavior of plastics using soil support as an integral part of the structural system. This practice is not applicable to thermoplastic structures that do not include soil support as a component of the structural system.  
1.3 This practice is limited to structural design and does not provide guidance on hydraulic, hydrologic, or environmental design considerations that may need to be addressed for functional use of stormwater collection chambers.  
1.4 Stormwater chambers are most commonly embedded in open graded, angular aggregate which provide both structural support and open porosity for water storage. Should soils other than open graded, angular aggregate be specified for embedment, other installation and functional concerns may need to be addressed that are outside the scope of this practice.  
1.5 Chambers are produced in arch shapes to meet classifications that specify chamber rise, chamber span, minimum foot width, minimum wall thickness, and minimum arch stiffness constant. Chambers are manufactured with integral footings.  
1.6 Polypropylene chamber classifications are found in Specification F2418. Specification F2418 also specifies chamber manufacture and qualification.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm].  
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.Note 1—Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.Note 2—Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.  
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Annular Corrugated Profile Wall Polyethylene Pipe with Interior LinerTABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe Dimensions    
Pipe Inside DiameterA  
Minimum Pipe Stiffness at 5% Deflection  
Minimum Inner Liner Thickness  
inch  
[mm]  
lb/in/in  
[kPa]  
Inch  
[mm]  
2  
[50]  
50  
[345]  
0.020  
[0.5]  
3  
[75]  
50  
[345]  
0.020  
[0.5]  
4  
[100]  
50  
[345]  
0.020  
[0.5]  
6  
[150]  
50  
[345]  
0.020  
[0.5]  
8  
[200]  
50  
[345]  
0.024  
[0.6]  
10  
[250]  
50  
[345]  
0.024  
[0.6]  
12  
[300]  
50  
[345]  
0.035  
[0.9]  
15  
[375]  
42  
[290]  
0.040  
[1.0]  
18  
[450]  
40  
[275]  
0.051  
[1.3]  
21  
[525]  
38  
[260]  
0.060  
[1.5]  
24  
[600]  
34  
[235]  
0.060  
[1.5]  
27  
[675]  
30  
[205]  
0.060  
[1.5]  
30  
[750]  
28  
[195]  
0.060  
[1.5]  
36  
[900]  
22  
[150]  
0.067  
[1.7]  
42  
[1050]  
20  
[140]  
0.071  
[1.8]  
48  
[1200]  
18  
[125]  
0.071  
[1.8]  
54  
[1350]  
16  
[110]  
0.079  
[2.0]  
60  
[1500]  
14  
[97]  
0.079  
[2.0] A Inside Diameters for metric (SI) sizes are in direct Imperial equivalent dimensions  
1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of re...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, testing, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for mine drainage and leachate collection and transmission pipe. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. (75 mm), 4 in. (100 mm), 6 in. (150 mm), 8 in. (200 mm), 10 in. (250 mm) 12 in. (300 mm), 15 in. (375 mm), 18 in. (450 mm) and 24 in. (600 mm) diameter.  
1.2 This specification covers single profile wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 1, and double wall, annular extruded corrugated polyethylene pipe as depicted in Fig. 2.FIG. 1 Typical Single Wall Profile Cross-SectionFIG. 2 Typical Double Wall Profile Cross-Section  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers smoothwall perforated and nonperforated polyethylene (PE) pipe for use in drainage and waste disposal absorption fields. It covers requirements and test methods for workmanship, flattening, dimensions, tolerances, stiffness, perforations, environmental stress cracking, bonding, and impact resistance. Materials for pipe shall be PE compounds which may consist of lubricants, stabilizers, nonpoly(ethylene) resin modifiers, and pigments. Marking, labeling, installation, and quality assurance shall conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for workmanship, flattening, dimensions, tolerances, stiffness, perforations, environmental stress cracking, bonding, and impact resistance for smoothwall perforated and nonperforated polyethylene (PE) pipe, including coextruded and closed profile pipe. Methods of marking are also included.  
1.2 This specification includes two stiffness classes, referred to as, “Standard” and “Heavy Duty.”  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. These collection chambers can be used as commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. This specification indicates the classifications, tolerances, and dimensions of the chambers. It also lists the test methods that examine the physical and mechanical properties of finished chambers.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polyethylene (PE), open bottom, buried arch-shaped chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.  
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe. Corrugated PE pipe and fittings are intended for underground applications where soil provides support to their flexible walls. Their major use is to collect or convey drainage water, or both. The following tests shall be performed: dimensions and tolerances; pipe stiffness; elongation; pipe stiffness while elongated; joint-separation test; and brittleness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, perforations, pipe stiffness, elongation, joint separation resistance, quality of extruded polyethylene, brittleness, bond, and marking of corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. (76 mm), 4 in. (102 mm), 5 in. (127 mm) 6 in. (152 mm), 8 in. (203 mm), 10 in. (254 mm), 12 in. (305 mm), 15 in. (381 mm), 18 in. (457 mm), and 24 in. (610 mm).  
1.2 This specification covers tubularly extruded, spirally laminated, and rotationally molded corrugated polyethylene pipe.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm].
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1—Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.
Note 2—Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).
1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a rational method for structural design of thermoplastic stormwater chambers. The loads, capacities, and limit states are based on accepted load and resistance factor design for thermoplastic pipes; however, existing design specifications for thermoplastic pipes do not adequately address the design of chambers due to (1) open-bottom geometry, (2) support on integral foot, (3) varying circumferential corrugation geometry, and (4) manufacture with alternative thermoplastic resin. This practice standardizes recommendations for designers to adequately address these aspects of chamber design.
This practice is written to allow chamber manufacturers to evaluate chambers meeting existing classifications and to design chambers for new classifications as they are developed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice standardizes structural design of thermoplastic corrugated wall arch-shaped chambers used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. The practice is for chambers installed in a trench or bed and subjected to earth and live loads. Structural design includes the composite system made up of the chamber arch, the chamber foot, and the soil envelope. Relevant recognized practices include design of thermoplastic culvert pipes and design of foundations.
1.2 This practice standardizes methods for manufacturers of buried thermoplastic structures to design for the time dependent behavior of plastics using soil support as an integral part of the structural system. This practice is not applicable to thermoplastic structures that do not include soil support as a component of the structural system.
1.3 This practice is limited to structural design and does not provide guidance on hydraulic, hydrologic, or environmental design considerations that may need to be addressed for functional use of stormwater collection chambers.
1.4 Stormwater chambers are most commonly embedded in open graded, angular aggregate which provide both structural support and open porosity for water storage. Should soils other than open graded, angular aggregate be specified for embedment, other installation and functional concerns may need to be addressed that are outside the scope of this practice.
1.5 Chambers are produced in arch shapes to meet classifications that specify chamber rise, chamber span, minimum foot width, minimum wall thickness, and minimum arch stiffness constant. Chambers are manufactured with integral footings.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm].
1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.
Note 1—Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.
Note 2—Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.
1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).
1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a rational method for structural design of thermoplastic stormwater chambers. The loads, capacities, and limit states are based on accepted load and resistance factor design for thermoplastic pipes; however, existing design specifications for thermoplastic pipes do not adequately address the design of chambers due to (1) open-bottom geometry, (2) support on integral foot, (3) varying circumferential corrugation geometry, and (4) manufacture with alternative thermoplastic resin. This practice standardizes recommendations for designers to adequately address these aspects of chamber design.
This practice is written to allow chamber manufacturers to evaluate chambers meeting existing classifications and to design chambers for new classifications as they are developed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice standardizes structural design of thermoplastic corrugated wall arch-shaped chambers used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. The practice is for chambers installed in a trench or bed and subjected to earth and live loads. Structural design includes the composite system made up of the chamber arch, the chamber foot, and the soil envelope. Relevant recognized practices include design of thermoplastic culvert pipes and design of foundations.
1.2 This practice standardizes methods for manufacturers of buried thermoplastic structures to design for the time dependent behavior of plastics using soil support as an integral part of the structural system. This practice is not applicable to thermoplastic structures that do not include soil support as a component of the structural system.
1.3 This practice is limited to structural design and does not provide guidance on hydraulic, hydrologic, or environmental design considerations that may need to be addressed for functional use of stormwater collection chambers.
1.4 Stormwater chambers are most commonly embedded in open graded, angular aggregate which provide both structural support and open porosity for water storage. Should soils other than open graded, angular aggregate be specified for embedment, other installation and functional concerns may need to be addressed that are outside the scope of this practice.
1.5 Chambers are produced in arch shapes to meet classifications that specify chamber rise, chamber span, minimum foot width, minimum wall thickness, and minimum arch stiffness constant. Chambers are manufactured with integral footings.
1.6 Polypropylene chamber classifications are found in Specification F 2418. Specification F 2418 also specifies chamber manufacture and qualification.
1.7 This practice is applicable to design in inch-pound units. The SI units in parenthesis are given for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways. Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. They are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. They may include perforations to enhance water flow and must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering. The successful performance of the product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.
1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Chambers may include perforations to enhance water flow. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, flattening, and accelerated weathering.  
1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures for subsurface installation of corrugated polyethylene pipe, in accordance with the flexible conduit principles, intended for agricultural drainage or water table control. It is not however recommended for sanitary and storm sewer applications. General requirements for installation include: maximum and minimum burial depth; trench width; design of blinding, bedding, or envelope materials that are to be placed as the pipe is installed to ensure uniform continuous support; and granular or synthetic filters that are used to restrict the movement of particles into the pipe so as to maintain its hydraulic capacity. The pipe shall be aligned as smooth as possible with a curve radius larger than five times the pipe diameter while the backfill material shall be placed preferably on an angle to prevent pipe displacement or deflection. Stony trenches shall be avoided and any over-excavation or rock excavation shall be treated with proper bedding material. Factors that affect the proper handling of the pipe such as temperature; stretch caused by tension and bending forces; synthetic envelopes and filters that are subject to abrasion and tearing; and protection from fire hazards, livestock, heavy wheel traffic, and rodents or other animals shall also be considered during installation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is recommended for and limited to gravity flow subsurface drainage systems or water table control, but not recommended for sanitary or storm sewer applications. Procedures are outlined to minimize pipe deflection or structural damage during and after the installation process. These installation procedures are in accordance with “flexible conduit” principles.  
1.2 This practice applies to all agricultural subsurface drainage or water table control installations using Specification F405, F667 or other plastic pipe.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice describes procedures for handling and installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank leach fields, curtain drains, and from the septic tank to the leach field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field. Pipe should be stored with support from a flat surface to prevent the pipe from developing a permanent set. Care should be exercised during loading, unloading, and in transit because pipe may be damaged by abrasion and sharp edges. Because thermoplastics are temporarily softened by high temperatures, care should be taken under these conditions to avoid damage during handling operations. Coiled pipe is not recommended for use in leach fields because it is difficult to install at the proper grade and alignment; it is acceptable with special equipment installation. Pipe can reach comparatively high temperatures when exposed to the sun and this reduces the pipe stiffness appreciably. Therefore, precautions must be taken to prevent the impact of sharp or heavy objects, the sudden imposition of heavy overburden or excessive pull on such pipe. The pipe regains full strength and stiffness as the temperature decreases to that of the soil; this will normally require about five minutes. Care in handling and installation should be exercised under low-temperature conditions to avoid damage. As temperatures decrease, some types of pipe tend to become more brittle and less flexible.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for handling and installing thermoplastic pipe and corrugated pipe in septic tank leach fields, curtain drains, and from the septic tank to the leach field. Proper installation ensures that the pipe will satisfactorily convey and distribute partially treated waste water to a leaching field for additional treatment and disposal by soil absorption. The curtain or perimeter drain will function to protect the soil absorption capacity of the leach field.  
1.2 To ensure compliance with local regulatory provisions, the local approving authority (local health departments and so forth) should be contacted regarding specific requirements for leach field design materials and installation.  
1.3 This practice applies to pipe and fittings made under each of the following ASTM specifications:
1.3.1 For transport from tank to leach field: Specifications D 2680, D 2729, D 2751, D 2852, D 3034, F 405, F 758, F 789, F 810, F 891, F 892, and F 949.
1.3.2 Perforated, for use in leach field or curtain drain: Specifications D 2729, D 2751, F 405, F 810, F 891, and F 892.
1.4 Pipe intended for installation in accordance with this practice should have a minimum pipe stiffness as specified in the appropriate product standard referenced in 1.3.1 or 1.3.2.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.