ASTM E8/E8M-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy development, quality control, and design under certain circumstances.
4.2 The results of tension tests of specimens machined to standardized dimensions from selected portions of a part or material may not totally represent the strength and ductility properties of the entire end product or its in-service behavior in different environments.
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. The test methods have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gauge length is the most significant difference between E8 and E8M test specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 °C to 38 °C [50 °F to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E8/E8M − 22 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic
materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the
2. Referenced Documents
methods of determination of yield strength, yield point
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
A356/A356MSpecificationforSteelCastings,Carbon,Low
1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are re-
Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Tur-
quired to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gauge length is
bines
the most significant difference between E8 and E8M test
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy
of Steel Products
(P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-
B557Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
specific projected area and density.
B557MTest Methods forTensionTestingWrought and Cast
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
needtobemadeinindividualspecificationsortestmethodsfor
E4Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and ing Machines
Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10°C to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
38°C [50°F to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
someter Systems
separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each
E345Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Force Application
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1566Terminology Relating to Rubber
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E1856GuideforEvaluatingComputerizedDataAcquisition
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Machines
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E2658Practices for Verification of Speed for Material Test-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing Machines
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Common to Mechanical Testing—
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
2
Uniaxial Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1924. Last previous edition approved 2021 as E8/E8M–21. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E0008_E0008M-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E8/E8M − 22
3.1.1 The definitions of mechanic
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E8/E8M − 21 E8/E8M − 22 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods
of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gauge length is the most
significant difference between E8 and E8M test specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are
exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and
density.
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a
particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M.
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 1010 °C to 38°C [5038 °C [50 °F to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not
exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021May 1, 2022. Published February 2021July 2022. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved 20162021 as
ɛ1
E8/E8M – 16aE8/E8M – 21.
DOI: 10.1520/E0008_E0008M-21.10.1520/E0008_E0008M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E8/E8M − 22
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
E1856 Guide for Evaluating Computeriz
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E8/E8M − 22 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T68
An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E8/E8M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic
materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the
2. Referenced Documents
methods of determination of yield strength, yield point
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
A356/A356M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low
1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are re-
Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Tur-
quired to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M. The gauge length is
bines
the most significant difference between E8 and E8M test
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy
of Steel Products
(P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
specific projected area and density.
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and
ing Machines
Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557, and B557M. E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 °C to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
38 °C [50 °F to 100°F] unless otherwise specified.
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
someter Systems
separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each
E345 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Force Application
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Machines
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E2658 Practices for Verification of Speed for Material Test-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing Machines
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Common to Mechanical Testing—
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
2
Uniaxial Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1924. Last previous edition approved 2021 as E8/E8M – 21. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E0008_E0008M-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E8/E8M − 22
3.1.1 The definitions of mechanical testing terms that ap- 3.1.12 yield point elongation, YPE, n—in a uniaxi
...
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