ASTM E23-23a
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods of impact testing relate specifically to the behavior of metal when subjected to a single application of a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with a notch, coupled with high rates of loading and in some cases with high or low temperatures. For some materials and temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specimens, when correlated with service experience, have been found to predict the likelihood of brittle fracture accurately. Further information on significance appears in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), designation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823), and determining the shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Section 9 and Annex A4 provide inch-pound units for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E23 − 23a An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E23; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the
Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see
ASTM Test Methods
Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2),
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), desig-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
nation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823),
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
and determining the shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4).
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of
In addition, information is provided on the significance of
Metallic Materials
notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of
measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
3. Terminology
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associ-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Common to Mechanical Testing:
ated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
3.1.1 drop height, h, [L], n—the center of strike vertical
distance between the free-hanging position and the latched
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
position.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.1 Exception—Section 9 and Annex A4 provide inch-
3.2.1 absorbed energy, [FL], n—work spent to fracture a
pound units for information only.
specimen in a single pendulum swing, as measured by a
compensated indicating device.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 direct verification, n—process that ensures all parts
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- that may affect measured absorbed energy are within specified
dimensional tolerances.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 free-hanging position, n—position of the pendulum
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
after oscillation stops such that the potential and kinetic energy
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
is zero.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 free swing, n—uninterrupted (without a test specimen)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pendulum swing from the latched position as recorded by the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
indicating device (see A2.3.8.1).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.5 indirect verification, n—process that ensures the aver-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
age absorbed energy from testing a set of verification speci-
mens corresponds to the certified absorbed energy within a
specified tolerance (see A2.4.1).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
2
Impact Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2023 as E23 – 23. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0023-23A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23 − 23a
3.2.6 latched position, n—position of the pendulum on the 8.1.1 Specimens shall be taken from the material
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E23 − 23 E23 − 23a An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E23; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod
(cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1)
verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), designation of test
specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823), and determining the shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4). In addition,
information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of measuring the center
of strike (see Appendix X2).
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Section 9 and Annex A4 provide inch-pound units for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Common to Mechanical Testing:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact
Testing.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023March 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 20222023 as E23 – 22.E23 – 23.
DOI: 10.1520/E0023-23.10.1520/E0023-23A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23 − 23a
3.1.1 drop height, h, [L],n—the center of strike vertical distance between the free-hanging position and the latched position.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbed energy, [FL],n—work spent to fracture a specimen in a single pendulum swing, as measured by a compensated
indicating device.
3.2.2 direct verification, n—process that ensures all parts that may affect measured absorbed energy are within specified
dimensional tolerances.
3.2.3 free-hanging position, n—position of the pendulum after oscillation stops such that the potential and kinetic energy is zero.
3.2.4 free swing, n—uninterrupted (without a test specimen) pendulum swing from the latched position as recorded by the
indicating device (see A2.3.8.1).
3.2.5 indirect verification, n—process that ensures the average absorbed energy from testing a set of verification specimens
corresponds to the certified absorbed ener
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E23 − 23a An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E23; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing
of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see
ASTM Test Methods
Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2),
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), desig-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
nation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823),
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
and determining the shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4).
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of
In addition, information is provided on the significance of
Metallic Materials
notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of
measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
3. Terminology
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associ-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Common to Mechanical Testing:
ated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
3.1.1 drop height, h, [L], n—the center of strike vertical
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
distance between the free-hanging position and the latched
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
position.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.1 Exception—Section 9 and Annex A4 provide inch-
3.2.1 absorbed energy, [FL], n—work spent to fracture a
pound units for information only.
specimen in a single pendulum swing, as measured by a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
compensated indicating device.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 direct verification, n—process that ensures all parts
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that may affect measured absorbed energy are within specified
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dimensional tolerances.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 free-hanging position, n—position of the pendulum
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
after oscillation stops such that the potential and kinetic energy
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
is zero.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 free swing, n—uninterrupted (without a test specimen)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pendulum swing from the latched position as recorded by the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
indicating device (see A2.3.8.1).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.2.5 indirect verification, n—process that ensures the aver-
age absorbed energy from testing a set of verification speci-
mens corresponds to the certified absorbed energy within a
specified tolerance (see A2.4.1).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
2
Impact Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2023 as E23 – 23. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0023-23A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23 − 23a
3.2.6 latched position, n—position of the pendulum on the 8.1.1 Specimens shall be taken from the material as speci-
release mechanism prior to being released to perform a test. fied by the applicable specification.
8.1.2 The specimens shown in Fig. 1
...
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