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ASTM G44-99(2013)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution

Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 3.5 % NaCl alternate immersion procedure is a general, all-purpose procedure that produces valid comparisons for most metals, particularly when specimens are exposed at high levels of applied stress or stress intensity.  
4.2 While the alternate immersion test is an accelerated test and is considered to be representative of certain natural conditions, it is not intended to predict performance in specialized chemical environments in which a different mode of cracking may be operative. For example, it does not predict the performance of aluminum alloys in highly acidic environments such as heated inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA). For such cases, the results of the alternate immersion test are of doubtful significance until a relationship has been established between it and anticipated service environments.  
4.3 While this practice is applicable in some degree to all metals, it is not equally discriminative of all alloys, even within the same metal system. Consequently, information should be established to allow comparisons of performances of the alloy of interest in the alternate immersion test and in natural environments. Note 2—The alternate immersion concept can be useful for exposure of corrosion specimens in other solutions because the procedure and apparatus provide a controlled set of conditions. Details of this are beyond the scope of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for making alternate immersion stress corrosion tests in 3.5 % sodium chloride (NaCl) (Note 1). It is primarily for tests of aluminum alloys (Test Method G47) and ferrous alloys, but may be used for other metals exhibiting susceptibility to chloride ions. It sets forth the environmental conditions of the test and the means for controlling them. Note 1—Alternate immersion stress corrosion exposures are sometimes made in substitute ocean water (without heavy metals) prepared in accordance with Specification D1141. The general requirements of this present practice are also applicable to such exposures except that the reagents used, the solution concentration, and the solution pH should be as specified in Specification D1141.  
1.2 This practice can be used for both stressed and unstressed corrosion specimens. Historically, it has been used for stress-corrosion cracking testing, but is often used for other forms of corrosion, such as uniform, pitting, intergranular, and galvanic.  
1.3 This practice is intended for alloy development and for applications where the alternate immersion test is to serve as a control test on the quality of successive lots of the same material. Therefore, strict test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that variations in results are attributable to variations in the material being tested.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.06 - Environmentally Assisted Cracking
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM G44-99(2013) - Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride SolutionASTM G44-99(2013) - Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution
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ASTM G44-99(2013) - Standard Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G44 − 99 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practice for
Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in
1
Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG44;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers procedures for making alternate
immersion stress corrosion tests in 3.5 % sodium chloride D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean
Water
(NaCl) (Note 1). It is primarily for tests of aluminum alloys
(Test Method G47) and ferrous alloys, but may be used for D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
other metals exhibiting susceptibility to chloride ions. It sets
forththeenvironmentalconditionsofthetestandthemeansfor G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
sion Test Specimens
controlling them.
G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
NOTE 1—Alternate immersion stress corrosion exposures are some-
Data
times made in substitute ocean water (without heavy metals) prepared in
G47 Test Method for Determining Susceptibility to Stress-
accordance with Specification D1141. The general requirements of this
present practice are also applicable to such exposures except that the Corrosion Cracking of 2XXX and 7XXX Aluminum
reagentsused,thesolutionconcentration,andthesolutionpHshouldbeas
Alloy Products
specified in Specification D1141.
3. Summary of Practice
1.2 This practice can be used for both stressed and un-
stressed corrosion specimens. Historically, it has been used for
3.1 The alternate immersion test utilizes a 1-h cycle that
stress-corrosion cracking testing, but is often used for other
includes a 10-min period in an aqueous solution of 3.5 %
forms of corrosion, such as uniform, pitting, intergranular, and
sodium chloride (NaCl) followed by a 50-min period out of the
galvanic.
solution, during which the specimens are allowed to dry. This
1-h cycle is continued 24 h/day for the total number of days
1.3 This practice is intended for alloy development and for
recommended for the particular alloy being tested. Typically,
applications where the alternate immersion test is to serve as a
aluminumandferrousalloysareexposedfrom20to90daysor
control test on the quality of successive lots of the same
longer, depending upon the resistance of the alloy to corrosion
material. Therefore, strict test conditions are stipulated for
by saltwater.
maximumassurancethatvariationsinresultsareattributableto
variations in the material being tested.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The 3.5 % NaCl alternate immersion procedure is a
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
general,all-purposeprocedurethatproducesvalidcomparisons
only.
for most metals, particularly when specimens are exposed at
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
high levels of applied stress or stress intensity.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 While the alternate immersion test is an accelerated test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and is considered to be representative of certain natural
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conditions, it is not intended to predict performance in special-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ized chemical environments in which a different mode of
cracking may be operative. For example, it does not predict the
performance of aluminum alloys in highly acidic environments
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.06 on Environmen-
2
tally Assisted Cracking. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G44 – 99 (2005). DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/G0044-99R13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G44 − 99 (2013)
such as heated inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA). For 6.3 Materials of Construction:
such cases, the result
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 3.5 % NaCl alternate immersion procedure is a general, all-purpose procedure that produces valid comparisons for most metals, particularly when specimens are exposed at high levels of applied stress or stress intensity.  
4.2 While the alternate immersion test is an accelerated test and is considered to be representative of certain natural conditions, it is not intended to predict performance in specialized chemical environments in which a different mode of cracking may be operative. For example, it does not predict the performance of aluminum alloys in highly acidic environments such as heated inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA). For such cases, the results of the alternate immersion test are of doubtful significance until a relationship has been established between it and anticipated service environments.  
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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
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Composition, %  
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Antimony  
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Arsenic  
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Bismuth  
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Boron  
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Tantalum  
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Vanadium  
0.50 max  
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Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Test Method
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10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.05 %]  
21 – 31  
Chromium by the Sodium Peroxide Fusion-Titrimetric Test Method
[50.0 % to 99.5 %]  
32 – 38  
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5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of beryllium in copper-beryllium alloys in percentages from 0.1 % to 3.0 % by phosphate gravimetry.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E439-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Beryllium

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of beryllium metal are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of beryllium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.05 to 0.30  
Beryllium  
97.5 to 100    
Beryllium Oxide  
0.3 to 3    
Carbon  
0.05 to 0.30  
Copper  
0.005 to 0.10  
Chromium  
0.005 to 0.10  
Iron  
0.05 to 0.30  
Magnesium  
0.02 to 0.15  
Nickel  
0.005 to 0.10  
Silicon  
0.02 to 0.15  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections as follows.    
Sections  
Chromium by the Diphenylcarbazide Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.004 % to 0.04 %]  
10 – 19  
Iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.05 % to 0.25 %]  
20 – 29  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.008 % to 0.04 %]  
30 – 39  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.04 %]  
40 – 49  
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This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding. The portion selection, sample preparation, sampling details, sample size and storage, and resampling are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.  
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.  
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.  
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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