ASTM F1606-05(2014)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduits with Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner
Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduits with Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is to provide guidance for designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits. Modifications may be required depending on specific job conditions to establish a project specification. The manufacturer of the product should be consulted for design and installation information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the installation of deformed polyethylene (PE) liner for pipeline rehabilitation.
1.2 This practice describes a method by which the PE liner may be installed with little or no excavation.
1.3 This practice applies to the rehabilitation of 3 to 18- in. (76 to 457-mm) diameter pipe in terms of installation. The specifier determines what DR is used based on conditions of the specific application.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1606 − 05 (2014)
Standard Practice for
Rehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduits with
Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 NASSCO Standard:
Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System
1.1 Thispracticecoverstherequirementsfortheinstallation
Rehabilitation
ofdeformedpolyethylene(PE)linerforpipelinerehabilitation.
3. Terminology
1.2 This practice describes a method by which the PE liner
may be installed with little or no excavation.
3.1 General—Abbreviations used in this practice are in
accordance with Terminology D1600, and definitions are in
1.3 This practice applies to the rehabilitation of 3 to 18- in.
accordance with Terminology F412, unless otherwise indi-
(76 to 457-mm) diameter pipe in terms of installation. The
cated.
specifier determines what DR is used based on conditions of
the specific application.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.1 deformed pipe—HDPE or MDPE pipe manufactured
in deformed shape with a reduced cross-sectional area that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- includesthemostcommonu-geometricformforuseinexisting
sewer and conduit rehabilitation. (See Fig. 1.)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 dimpling—a localized deformation resulting from
expansion, during rounding of a thermoplastic deformed PE
2. Referenced Documents
pipe, into space where a side connector meets an existing
conduit and where there is no support for the deformed PE
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pipe.
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D790Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
3.2.3 insertion point—an existing manhole, existing access
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
shaftoranexcavatedpitthatservesasthepointofentrancefor
als
the deformed pipe into the existing pipe.
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
3.2.4 liner—PE reformed pipe fully functional as pipe
tics
within a rehabilitated pipe.
D2122Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
3.2.5 manifolds—set of the equipment required for heat and
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
pressure processing of the deformed pipe.
D3350Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
tings Materials 3.2.6 pipeline— existing sewer to be rehabilitated.
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
3.2.7 reformed pipe—PE deformed pipe processed by heat
F1417Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-
and pressure after insertion into the pipeline and reformed to a
pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
fit conforming to the existing pipe (See Fig. 1.)
F1533Specification for Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner
3.2.8 termination point—an existing manhole, existing ac-
cess shaft or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exit of
the deformed pipe from the existing pipe.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on
4. Significance and Use
Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.
4.1 This practice is to provide guidance for designers and
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1606–05. DOI: specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organi-
10.1520/F1606-05R14.
zations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NASSCO, Inc. 2470 Longstone Lane, Suite M, Marriottsville, MD 21104.
the ASTM website. http://nassco.org/
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1606 − 05 (2014)
Specification D3350 should be consulted for property value
limits based on these cells.
Type PE 2406 PE 3408
Density 2 3
Melt 3 4
Flexural Modulus 4 5
Tensile Strength 3 4
ESCR 3 3
HDB 3 4
Color and UV Stabilizer C, D, or E C, D, or E
5.3 The deformed pipe should be spooled in a continuous
length for storage and shipping to the job site. Handling and
storage should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
published recommendations.
5.4 Thereshouldbenoevidenceofsplits,cracks,crazingor
breaks in the deformed pipe on the spool. If any of these
conditions are evident, the damaged material should be re-
placed.
6. Installation Recommendations
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
(a) Deformed Pipe
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas, such as manholes, and
performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of
theatmospheretodeterminethepresenceoftoxicorflammable
vapors or lack of oxygen shall be undertaken in accordance
with local, state, or federal safety regulations.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be re-
moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be
cleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity
jet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment, in accor-
dance with NASSCO Recommended Specifications for Sewer
Collection System Rehabilitation.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—Inspection of pipelines
should be performed by experienced personnel trained in
locating breaks, obstacles, and service connections by closed
circuit television. The interior of the pipeline should be
carefully inspected to determine the location of any conditions
thatmaypreventproperinsertionofthedeformedpipe,suchas
protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, out-of-
roundness, significant line sags, and deflected joints. All such
conditions should be noted in the plans so that they can be
(b) Reformed Pipe
corrected prior to liner installation. If a user desires to ignore
any of the obstacles with PE liner pipe, the contractor should
NOTE 1—This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific
to this practice and shows representative deformed and reformed pipe
inform the user about expected results.
shapes.Otherdeformedpipeshapesmaymeetthegeneralrequirementsof
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—Theinsideoftheexistingpipeline
this practice.
should be clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper
FIG. 1 Deformed Pipe and Reformed Pipe—Clarification of Terms
insertionandfullexpansionofthedeformedpipe.Obstructions
could include dropped or offset joints of more than 12.5% of
insidepipediameter;serviceconnectionsthatprotrudeintothe
Modifications may be required depending on specific job
pipemorethan12.5%oftheinsidediameteror1-in.(25mm),
conditions to establish a project specification. The manufac-
whicheverisless;andotherobstructionsincross-sectionalarea
turer of the product should be consulted for design and
of more than 14% based on the inside diameter of the existing
installation information.
pipe. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be
removedbycleaningorrodding,thenapointrepairexcavation
5. Materials
should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-
5.1 The deformed PE liner should be in accordance with
tion. Typically, bends along the pipe length in excess of 30°
Specification F1533.
and changes in pipe size cannot be accommodated. Such
5.2 The following are minimum cell classification numbers conditions require access at these points for termination and
for HDPE polyethylene pipe based on Specification D3350. start of a new insertion.
F1606 − 05 (2014)
6.2 Bypassing—If flow cannot be interrupted for the neces- 6.6 After the reformed pipe has cooled down, the terminat-
saryduration,bypassingofflowisrequiredaroundthesections ing ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm)
of the existing pipeline designated for rehabilitation. The beyond the existing pipe to account for possible shrinkage
bypass should be made by plugging the line at the point during cooling to ground temperatures.
upstreamofthepipetobereconstructedandbypassingtheflow
6.7 Service Connections—After the liner has been reformed
to a downstream point or adjacent system. The bypass lines,
and stabilized, the existing active service connections should
pump, and pump-sump pit dimensions, if required, should be
be reconnected. This should be done without excavation from
of adequate capacity and size to handle the flow during the
theinteriorofthepipelinebymeansofatelevisioncameraand
installation period. Services within this work area will be
a remote control cutting device unless otherwise specified by
temporarily out of service.
the owner.
NOTE 1—Public advisory services will be required to notify all parties
NOTE 2—In many cases, a good seal is provided where the formed pipe
whose service laterals will be out of commission and to advise against
dimples at service connections. However, this practice should not be
water usage until the main line is back in service.
construed to provide a 100% watertight seal at all service connections. If
total elimination of infiltration and inflow is desired, other means, which
6.3 Insertion:
are beyond the scope of this practice, may be necessary to seal service
6.3.1 The spool of deformed pipe should be positioned near
connections and to rehabilitate service lines and manholes.
the insertion point. A cable should be strung through the
6.8 Thenumericinformationgivenfortheprocessingofthe
existing conduit and attached to the deformed pipe. The
liner are the standard practical information. Where the specific
deformed pipe should be pulled (with a power winch and the
cases require, such as long pipelines, unusually difficult
cable) directly through the insertion point to the termination
conditions, extremely fragile pipelines and unique jobs, the
point. Pulling forces should be limited so as not to exceed the
processing parameters may vary. The final outcome of the
axial strain limits of the deformed pipe. The measured pulling
processing should comply with this practice. The design
operation limits pulling force to allowable tensile stress (1500
engineer should determine the applicable processing param-
psi or 50% of the yield) times the pipe wall cross sectional
eters in accordance with the manufacturer’s specific specifica-
area.
tions and instructions.
6.3.2 After the insertion is complete, the tension from the
winch should be relieved and the deformed pipe should be
7. Inspection and Acceptance
cutoff at the insertion point and restrained at the termination
7.1 The installation may be inspected by closed-circuit
point. Allowances for pipe length normalization should be
television. The reformed pipe should be continuous over the
made to attain correct length.
entire length of the insertion and conform to the walls of the
6.4 Reforming:
existing pipe evidenced by visible joint deformation and
6.4.1 Temperatures and pressures should be monitored and
mirroring of existing pipe irregularities. Variations from true
recordedthroughouttheinstallationprocesstoensurethateach
lineandgrademaybeinherentbecauseoftheconditionsofthe
phase of the process is achieved at the required levels.
original piping. No infiltration of groundwater through the
Temperature gages should be placed near the upstream and
reformedwallshouldbeobserved.Allserviceentrancesshould
downstream manholes to measure the liner’s outside tempera-
be accounted for and unobstructed.
ture.
7.2 Leakage Testing—Ifrequiredbytheownerordesignated
6.4.2 Steam and air pressure are applied through the inlet
in the contract documents or purchase order, or both, gravity
manifold and the deformed pipe should be reformed to
pipes should be tested for leakage. This test should take place
conform to the existing pipe wall. The deformed pipe shall be
after the reformed pipe has cooled down to ambient tempera-
pressurized up to 14.5 psig (100 kPa) max, at a steam
ture.Thistestislimitedtopipelengthswithnoservicelaterals.
temperature in excess of 235°F (112.8°C), and less than 260°F
One of the following two methods should be used:
(126.7°C), while the termination point valves, located at the
7.2.1 Exfiltration Test Method—This test involves plugging
outlet manifold, are kept open to provide heat flow. The
the reformed pipe at both ends and filling it with water. The
minimum temperature needed at the outside of the HDPE pipe
allowable water exfiltration for any length of pipe between
should be 185 6 9°F (85 6 5°C).The pressure should then be
terminationpointsshouldnotexceed50gal/in.ofinternalpipe
increased in increments up to a maximum of 26 psig (179.4
diameter per mile per day, providing that all air has been bled
kPa). Maximum pressure may be lower, depending on DR and
from the line. The leakage quantity should be gauged by the
condition of the pipeline.
water level in a temporary standpipe placed in the upstream
6.4.3 The reforming pressure should be maintained to en-
plug. During exfiltration testing, the maximum internal pipe
sure complete expansion of the pipe and to allow for dimpling
pressure at the lowest end should not exceed 10 ft (3.0 m) of
at side connections.
water or 4.3 psi (29.7 kPa). The water level inside of the
standpipe should be 2 ft (0.6 m) higher than the top of the pipe
6.5 Cool Down—The reformed pipe should be cooled to a
or 2 ft (0.6 m) higher than the groundwater level, whichever is
temperature of 100°F (38°C). The pressure should then be
greater. The test should be conducted for a minimum of 1 h.
slowly increased to approximately 33 psig (227.7 kPa), while
applying air or water for continued cooling. The equipment 7.2.2 Air Test—This test should be conducted in accordance
should be disconnected after ambient temperature is attained. with Test Method F1417.
F1606 − 05 (2014)
A,B
NOTE 3—The leakage test is intended to evaluate the watertightness of TABLE 1 Dimensions and Tolerances
the mainline only.
Outside
Minimum Wall Thickness, in.
Diameter, Outside Diameter
7.3 Foreachinsertionlengthdesignatedbytheownerinthe
in. Tolerances, in. DR17 DR24 DR26 DR32.5
contract documents or purchase order, a reformed field sample
3.00 +.00–.015 0.176 0.124 0.115 —
should be prepared at the insertion or termination point, or
4.00 +.00–.015 0.234 0.166 0.153 —
6.00 +.00–.015 0.352 0.249 0.230 0.184
bot
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1606 − 05 F1606 − 05 (2014) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Rehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduits with
Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the installation of deformed polyethylene (PE) liner for pipeline rehabilitation.
1.2 This practice describes a method by which the PE liner may be installed with little or no excavation.
1.3 This practice applies to the rehabilitation of 3 to 18- in. (76 to 457-mm) diameter pipe in terms of installation. The specifier
determines what DR is used based on conditions of the specific application.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
F1533 Specification for Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner
2.2 NASSCO Standard:
Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System Rehabilitation
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Abbreviations used in this practice are in accordance with Terminology D1600, and definitions are in accordance
with Terminology F412, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 deformed pipe—HDPE or MDPE pipe manufactured in deformed shape with a reduced cross-sectional area that includes
the most common u-geometric form for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabilitation. (See Fig. 1.)
3.2.2 dimpling—a localized deformation resulting from expansion, during rounding of a thermoplastic deformed PE pipe, into
space where a side connector meets an existing conduit and where there is no support for the deformed PE pipe.
3.2.3 insertion point—an existing manhole, existing access shaft or an excavated pit that serves as the point of entrance for the
deformed pipe into the existing pipe.
3.2.4 liner—PE reformed pipe fully functional as pipe within a rehabilitated pipe.
3.2.5 manifolds—set of the equipment required for heat and pressure processing of the deformed pipe.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless Plastic
Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2005March 1, 2014. Published December 2005October 2014. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 19952005
as F1606F1606–95, which was withdrawn in 2004 and reinstated in 2005. DOI: 10.1520/F1606-05.–05. DOI: 10.1520/F1606-05R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from NASSCO, 2798 Harbor Drive San Diego, CA 92113.NASSCO, Inc. 2470 Longstone Lane, Suite M, Marriottsville, MD 21104. http://nassco.org/
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1606 − 05 (2014)
(a) Deformed Pipe
(b) Reformed Pipe
NOTE 1—This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this practice and shows representative deformed and reformed pipe shapes.
Other deformed pipe shapes may meet the general requirements of this practice.
FIG. 1 Deformed Pipe and Reformed Pipe—Clarification of Terms
3.2.6 pipeline— existing sewer to be rehabilitated.
3.2.7 reformed pipe—PE deformed pipe processed by heat and pressure after insertion into the pipeline and reformed to a fit
conforming to the existing pipe (See Fig. 1.)
3.2.8 termination point—an existing manhole, existing access shaft or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exit of the
deformed pipe from the existing pipe.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is to provide guidance for designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations
who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits. Modifications may be required depending on specific job conditions to establish
a project specification. The manufacturer of the product should be consulted for design and installation information.
5. Materials
5.1 The deformed PE liner should be in accordance with Specification F1533.
F1606 − 05 (2014)
5.2 The following are minimum cell classification numbers for HDPE polyethylene pipe based on Specification D3350.
Specification D3350 should be consulted for property value limits based on these cells.
Type PE 2406 PE 3408
Density 2 3
Melt 3 4
Flexural Modulus 4 5
Tensile Strength 3 4
ESCR 3 3
HDB 3 4
Color and UV Stabilizer C, D, or E C, D, or E
5.3 The deformed pipe should be spooled in a continuous length for storage and shipping to the job site. Handling and storage
should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s published recommendations.
5.4 There should be no evidence of splits, cracks, crazing or breaks in the deformed pipe on the spool. If any of these conditions
are evident, the damaged material should be replaced.
6. Installation Recommendations
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas, such as manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of the
atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammable vapors or lack of oxygen shall be undertaken in accordance with local,
state, or federal safety regulations.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be removed from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be cleaned with
hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity jet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment, in accordance with NASSCO
Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System Rehabilitation.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experienced personnel trained in locating breaks,
obstacles, and service connections by closed circuit television. The interior of the pipeline should be carefully inspected to
determine the location of any conditions that may prevent proper insertion of the deformed pipe, such as protruding service taps,
collapsed or crushed pipe, out-of-roundness, significant line sags, and deflected joints. All such conditions should be noted in the
plans so that they can be corrected prior to liner installation. If a user desires to ignore any of the obstacles with PE liner pipe,
the contractor should inform the user about expected results.
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The inside of the existing pipeline should be clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion
and full expansion of the deformed pipe. Obstructions could include dropped or offset joints of more than 12.5 % of inside pipe
diameter; service connections that protrude into the pipe more than 12.5 % of the inside diameter or 1-in. (25 mm), whichever is
less; and other obstructions in cross-sectional area of more than 14 % based on the inside diameter of the existing pipe. If
inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by cleaning or rodding, then a point repair excavation should be made
to uncover and remove or repair the obstruction. Typically, bends along the pipe length in excess of 30° and changes in pipe size
cannot be accommodated. Such conditions require access at these points for termination and start of a new insertion.
6.2 Bypassing—If flow cannot be interrupted for the necessary duration, bypassing of flow is required around the sections of
the existing pipeline designated for rehabilitation. The bypass should be made by plugging the line at the point upstream of the
pipe to be reconstructed and bypassing the flow to a downstream point or adjacent system. The bypass lines, pump, and pump-sump
pit dimensions, if required, should be of adequate capacity and size to handle the flow during the installation period. Services
within this work area will be temporarily out of service.
NOTE 1—Public advisory services will be required to notify all parties whose service laterals will be out of commission and to advise against water
usage until the main line is back in service.
6.3 Insertion:
6.3.1 The spool of deformed pipe should be positioned near the insertion point. A cable should be strung through the existing
conduit and attached to the deformed pipe. The deformed pipe should be pulled (with a power winch and the cable) directly through
the insertion point to the termination point. Pulling forces should be limited so as not to exceed the axial strain limits of the
deformed pipe. The measured pulling operation limits pulling force to allowable tensile stress (1500 psi or 50 % of the yield) times
the pipe wall cross sectional area.
6.3.2 After the insertion is complete, the tension from the winch should be relieved and the deformed pipe should be cutoff at
the insertion point and restrained at the termination point. Allowances for pipe length normalization should be made to attain
correct length.
6.4 Reforming:
6.4.1 Temperatures and pressures should be monitored and recorded throughout the installation process to ensure that each
phase of the process is achieved at the required levels. Temperature gages should be placed near the upstream and downstream
manholes to measure the liner’s outside temperature.
6.4.2 Steam and air pressure are applied through the inlet manifold and the deformed pipe should be reformed to conform to
the existing pipe wall. The deformed pipe shall be pressurized up to 14.5 psig (100 kPa) max, at a steam temperature in excess
F1606 − 05 (2014)
of 235°F (112.8°C), and less than 260°F (126.7°C), while the termination point valves, located at the outlet manifold, are kept open
to provide heat flow. The minimum temperature needed at the outside of the HDPE pipe should be 185 6 9°F (85 6 5°C). The
pressure should then be increased in increments up to a maximum of 26 psig (179.4 kPa). Maximum pressure may be lower,
depending on DR and condition of the pipeline.
6.4.3 The reforming pressure should be maintained to ensure complete expansion of the pipe and to allow for dimpling at side
connections.
6.5 Cool Down—The reformed pipe should be cooled to a temperature of 100°F (38°C). The pressure should then be slowly
increased to approximately 33 psig (227.7 kPa), while applying air or water for continued cooling. The equipment should be
disconnected after ambient temperature is attained.
6.6 After the reformed pipe has cooled down, the terminating ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm) beyond
the existing pipe to account for possible shrinkage during cooling to ground temperatures.
6.7 Service Connections—After the liner has been reformed and stabilized, the existing active service connections should be
reconnected. This should be done without excavation from the interior of the pipeline by means of a television camera and a remote
control cutting device unless otherwise specified by the owner.
NOTE 2—In many cases, a good seal is provided where the formed pipe dimples at service connections. However, this practice should not be construed
to provide a 100 % watertight seal at all service connections. If total elimination of infiltration and inflow is desired, other means, which are beyond the
scope of this practice, may be necessary to seal service connections and to rehabilitate service lines and manholes.
6.8 The numeric information given for the processing of the liner are the standard practical information. Where the specific
cases require, such as long pipelines, unusually difficult conditions, extremely fragile pipelines and unique jobs, the processing
parameters may vary. The final outcome of the processing should comply with this practice. The design engineer should determine
the applicable processing parameters in accordance with the manufacturer’s specific specifications and instructions.
7. Inspection and Acceptance
7.1 The installation may be inspected by closed-circuit television. The reformed pipe should be continuous over the entire length
of the insertion and conform to the walls of the existing pipe evidenced by visible joint deformation and mirroring of existing pipe
irregularities. Variations from true line and grade may be inherent because of the conditions of the original piping. No infiltration
of groundwater through the reformed wall should be observed. All service entrances should be accounted for and unobstructed.
7.2 Leakage Testing—If required by the owner or designated in the contract documents or purchase order, or both, gravity pipes
should be tested for leakage. This test should take place after the reformed pipe has cooled down to ambient temperature. This test
is limited to pipe lengths with no service laterals. One of the following two methods should be used:
7.2.1 Exfiltration Test Method—This test involves plugging the reformed pipe at both ends and filling it with water. The
allowable water exfiltration for any length of pipe between termination points should not exceed 50 gal/in. of internal pipe diameter
per mile per day, providing that all air has been bled from the line. The leakage quantity should be gauged by the water level in
a temporary standpipe placed in the upstream plug. During exfiltration testing, the maximum internal pipe pressure at the lowest
end should not exceed 10 ft (3.0 m) of water or 4.3 psi (29.7 kPa). The water level inside of the standpipe should be 2 ft (0.6 m)
higher than the top of the pipe or 2 ft (0.6 m) higher than the ground
...
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