ASTM E1105-00(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2—This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.
Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This field test procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.
The field test may be made at the time the window, skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installed and before the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1105 − 00 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed
Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by
Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
tance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the
3. Terminology
outdoorfaceandexposededgessimultaneouslywithastaticair
pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms relating to
indoor face.
buildingconstructionusedinthistestmethod,seeTerminology
E631.
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicabletoanycurtain-wallareaor
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily
3.2.1 specimen, n—the entire assembled unit submitted for
for determining the resistance to water penetration through
test as installed in the exterior wall of a building.
such assemblies for compliance with specified performance
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The test specimen consists of the major
criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to
components of the assembly, including all joints, cracks, or
penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the
openings between such components and any panning,
adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to
receptors, extenders, sills, mullions, or other parts or compo-
identify sources of leakage.
nents used for assembling any installation. The joints between
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a
assemblies and the openings into which they are mounted
manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,
(masonry openings, for example) are not part of the test
but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have
specimen. However, these joints may be tested by this proce-
adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such
dure.
as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method
3.2.2 test pressure difference, n—the specified difference in
does not address these issues.
static air pressure across the closed and locked or fixed
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge
specimen expressed in pascals (lbf/ft ).
of the principles of pressure measurement.
3.2.3 water penetration, n—penetration of water beyond a
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
plane parallel to the glazing (the vertical plane) intersecting the
standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may be
innermost projection of the test specimen, not including
approximate.
interiortrimandhardware,underthespecifiedconditionsofair
pressure difference across the specimen. For products with
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
non-planer surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, etc.) the plane
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
definingwaterpenetrationistheplanedefinedbytheinnermost
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
edges of the unit frame.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
4. Summary of Test Method
statements, see 7.1.
4.1 This test method consists of sealing a chamber to the
interior or exterior face of specimen to be tested, supplying air
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1105 – 00. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1105-00R08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1105 − 00 (2008)
to a chamber mounted on the exterior or exhausting air from a spandrel beams. The feasibility of conducting a meaningful
chamber mounted on the interior, at the rate required to static air pressure difference water penetration test on an
maintain the test pressure difference across the specimen while
in-service building must be carefully evaluated before being
spraying water onto the outdoor face of the specimen at the specified.
required rate and observing any water penetration.
5.5 Weather conditions can affect the static air pressure
difference measurements. If wind gusting causes pressure
5. Significance and Use
fluctuation to exceed 6 10 % from the specified test pressure,
5.1 Thistestmethodisastandardprocedurefordetermining
the test should not be conducted.
the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic
5.6 Generally it is more convenient to use an interior
static air pressure differences of installed exterior windows,
mounted pressure chamber from which air is exhausted to
skylights, curtain walls, and doors.The air-pressure differences
obtain a lower pressure on the interior surface of the specimen.
acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors
A calibrated rack of nozzles is then used to spray water at the
should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure
proper rate on the exterior surface. Under circumstances where
difference to be used.
it is desirable to use an exterior-mounted pressure chamber, the
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that
spray rack must be located in the pressure chamber and air
the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function
supplied to maintain a higher pressure on the exterior surface.
ofproperinstallationandadjustment.Inservice,theperformancewillalso
depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of Exterior chambers are difficult to attach readily and seal to
components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expan-
exterior surfaces.
sion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical
complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large
5.7 Even though the equipment requirements are similar,
wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with
this procedure is not intended to measure air infiltration
increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water.
because of the difficulty of isolating the component air leakage
Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
from the extraneous leakage through weep holes, mullion
NOTE 2—This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water
which may penetrate into the test specimen.
joints, trim, or other surrounding materials.
5.2 Laboratorytestsaredesignedtogiveanindicationofthe
6. Apparatus
performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from
laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the
6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general in
test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the
nature, and any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-
laboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that will
ing the test procedures within allowable tolerances is permit-
exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of
ted.
subsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditions
all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the 6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):
installed product. This field test procedure provides a means
6.2.1 Test Chamber—A test chamber or box made of
for determining the performance of a product once installed in
plywood, plastic, or other suitable material and sealed against
the building.
the test specimen. Test chambers mounted on the interior must
be made so that interior surfaces and joints of the specimen can
5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window,
be easily observed for water penetration during the test. No
skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installed
part of the testing chamber shall come in contact with or
and before the interior of the building is finished.At this time,
restrict any point where water pentration may occur. At least
it is generally easier to check the interior surfaces of the
one static air pressure tap shall be provided to measure the
assemblies for water penetration and to identify the points of
chamber air pressure versus the ambient (interior-exterior) air
penetration. The major advantage of testing when assemblies
pressure and shall be so located that the reading is unaffected
are initially installed is that errors in fabrication or installation
by exterior impinging wind, or by the velocity of air supply to
can be readily discovered and corrections made before the
or from the chamber. The air supply opening into or exhaust
entire wall with its component assemblies is completed at
fromthechambershallbearrangedsothatairdoesnotimpinge
which time the expense of corrective work may be increased
directly on the test specimen with any significant velocity. A
many times.
means of access into the chamber may be provided to facilitate
5.4 The field test may also be made after the building is
adjustments and observations after the chamber has been
completed and in service to determine whether or not reported
installed.
leakage problems are due to the failure of the installed
6.2.2 Air System—A controllable blower, compressed air
assemblies to resist water penetration at the specified static air
supply exhaust system, or reversible blower designed to supply
pressure difference. Generally it is possible to conduct tests on
the required maximum air pressure difference across the
window, skylight, and door assemblies without too much
specimen. The system must provide essentially constant air
difficulty, and to identify sources of leakage. A curtain-wall
flow at a fixed pressure for the required test period.
assembly, on the other hand, may not be accessible from the
inside without the removal of interior finished walls and 6.2.3 Pressure Measuring Apparatus—A device to measure
ceilings. Even with removal of interior walls and ceilings, it the test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62%or 62.5
may not be possible to observe curtain-wall surfaces behind Pa (60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.
E1105 − 00 (2008)
FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Water Penetration Test Apparatus
6.2.4 Water-Spray System—The water-spray system shall 7. Hazards
deliver water uniformly against the exterior surface of the test
7.1 Warning—Glass breakage will not normally occur at
specimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/m ·min (5.0 U.S.
the small pressure differences applied in this test method.
gal/ft ·h).
Excessive pressure differences may occur, however, due to
error in operation or gusting wind, therefore, exercise adequate
NOTE 3—The National Weather Service Technical Paper No. 40
records that in the contiguous 48 United States, the greatest rainfall for a
precautions to protect personnel.
1-hperiodislessthan12.7cm(5.0in.).Therateof3.4L/m ·min(5.0U.S.
7.2 Take whatever additional precautions are necessary to
gal/ft ·h) specified in this test method corresponds to a rainfall of 20.3 cm
protect persons from water spray, falling objects (which may
(8.0 in.)/h unless otherwise specified.
include tools), the spray system, or even the exterior test
6.2.4.1 The water-spray system shall have nozzles spaced
chamber.
on a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the test
specimen and shall be adjustable to provide the specified
8. Examination of Test Specimens
quantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the test
8.1 Select and identify the test specimen in accordance with
specimen, uniformly and to wet those areas vulnerable to water
the procedures established in Section 10.
penetration. If additional nozzles are required to provide
uniformity of water spray at the edge of the test specimen, they
8.2 Conduct a detailed visual examination of the test speci-
shall be equally spaced around the entire spray grid.
men and the construction adjacent to the test specimen. Record
6.2.4.2 The intake water line to the nozzle grid shall be
all pertinent observations.
equipped with a pressure gage and pressure adjusting valve.
8.3 If the intent is to test an operable window, skylight, or
For field testing, the water pressure shall be adjusted to the
door, the unit should be checked for proper installation by
same pressure at which the water spray system was calibrated.
opening, closing, and locking the unit five times prior to
testing, with no further attention other than the initial adjust-
ment.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service,
1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, http://www.nws.noaa.gov.
E1105 − 00 (2008)
NOTE 4—The purpose of this examination is to record the physical
10. Information Required
condition of the test specimen and adjacent construction at the time of
10.1 The specifying authority shall supply the following
testing. Examples of pertinent observations to be recorded include; any
damage or deterioration observed, missing or broken components, miss- information or provide guidance relative to its specification.
adjustment or weatherstrip or other components, cleanliness of the test
NOTE 5—Although the specifying authority is responsible for establish-
specimen, out-of-square installations, and so forth.
ing test specimen sampling, selection, and identification procedures, such
procedures or modifications to said unit should be mutually agreed upon
9. Calibration
by all parties involved prior to testing.
9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the applicable
10.1.1 Test specimen sampling, selection, adjustment, and
requirements shall be checked by using a catch box, the open
identification.
face of which shall be located at the position of the face of the
10.1.2 Test pressure difference(s) to be applied during the
test specimen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard Designation: E 1105 – 00 (Reapproved 2008)
Designation:E1105–96
Standard Test Method for
Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed
Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls,Skylights, Doors, and
DoorsCurtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air
Pressure Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describescovers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights,
and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air
pressure at the indooroutdoor face lowerhigher than the static air pressure at the outdoorindoor face.
1.2 This test method is applicable to window assemblies, sections of curtain wall assemblies, and door assemblies.any
curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water
penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the
resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be
appropriate to identify sources of leakage.
1.3 Thistestmethodaddresseswaterpenetrationthroughamanufacturedassembly.Waterthatpenetratestheassembly,butdoes
not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and
insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of air pressure management.measurement.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
information only. equivalents of SI units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms relating to building construction used in this test method, see Terminology
E 631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 test pressure differencesspecimen, n—the specified difference in static air pressure across the test specimen expressed in
pascals (lbf/ft ). —the entire assembled unit submitted for test as installed in the exterior wall of a building.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The test specimen consists of the major components of the assembly, including all joints, cracks, or
openings between such components and any panning, receptors, extenders, sills, mullions, or other parts or components used for
assembling any installation. The joints between assemblies and the openings into which they are mounted (masonry openings, for
example) are not part of the test specimen. However, these joints may be tested by this procedure.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E-6 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Component
Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originally published as E1105–86. Last previous edition E1105–93.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performance
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 1105 – 00.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.11.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1105–00 (2008)
3.2.2 test specimentest pressure difference, n—the assembled window, curtain section, or door unit as installed in the exterior
wall of a building.
3.2.2.1Discussion—Thetestspecimenconsistsofthemajorcomponentsoftheassembly,includingalljoints,cracks,oropenings
between such components and any panning, receptors, extenders, sills, mullions, or other parts or components used for assembling
any installation. The joints between assemblies and the openings into which they are mounted (masonry openings, for example)
are not part of the test specimen. However, these joints may be tested by this procedure. —the specified difference in static air
pressure across the closed and locked or fixed specimen expressed in pascals (lbf/ft ).
3.2.3 water penetration, n—penetration of water beyond the vertical plane intersecting the innermost projection of the test
specimen, not including interior trim and hardware, under the specified conditions of air pressure difference across the specimen.
—penetration of water beyond a plane parallel to the glazing (the vertical plane) intersecting the innermost projection of the test
specimen, not including interior trim and hardware, under the specified conditions of air pressure difference across the specimen.
For products with non-planer surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, etc.) the plane defining water penetration is the plane defined by
the innermost edges of the unit frame.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of sealing a chamber to the interior or exterior face of assemblyspecimen to be tested, supplying
air to a chamber mounted on the exterior or exhausting air from a chamber mounted on the interior, at the rate required to maintain
the desired air test pressure difference across the assemblyspecimen while simultaneously spraying water onto the exterioroutdoor
face of the assemblyspecimen at the required rate and observing the interior face for any water penetration.
5. Significance and Use
5.1This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static
air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors. Windows or curtain walls, at an angle greater than
15° from the vertical, were not considered in the development of this test method.
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static
air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors.The air-pressure differences acting across
abuildingenvelopevarygreatly.Thesefactorsshouldbeconsideredfullypriortospecifyingthetestpressuredifferencetobeused.
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper
installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components
to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting
conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity,
and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
NOTE 2—This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.
5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from
laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratory
can only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades,
aging, and other environmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This field
test procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.
5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window, skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installed and
before the interior of the building is finished.At this time, it is generally easier to check the interior surfaces of the assemblies for
water penetration and to identify the points of penetration. The major advantage of testing when assemblies are initially installed
is that errors in fabrication or installation can be readily discovered and corrections made before the entire wall with its component
assemblies is completed at which time the expense of corrective work may be increased many times.
5.4 The field test may also be made after the building is completed and in service to determine whether or not reported leakage
problems are due to the failure of the installed assemblies to resist water penetration at the specified static air pressure difference.
Generally it is possible to conduct tests on window, skylight, and door assemblies without too much difficulty, and to identify
sources of leakage. A curtain-wall assembly, on the other hand, may not be accessible from the inside without the removal of
interior finished walls and ceilings. Even with removal of interior walls and ceilings, it may not be possible to observe curtain-wall
surfaces behind spandrel beams. The feasibility of conducting a meaningful static air pressure difference water penetration test on
an in-service building must be carefully evaluated before being specified.
5.5 Weather conditions can affect the static air pressure difference measurements. If wind gusting causes pressure fluctuation
to exceed 6 10 % from the specified test pressure, the test should not be conducted.
5.6 Generally it is more convenient to use an interior mounted pressure chamber from which air is exhausted to obtain a lower
pressure on the interior surface of the specimen.Acalibrated rack of nozzles is then used to spray water at the proper rate on the
exterior surface. Under circumstances where it is desirable to use an exterior-mounted pressure chamber, the spray rack must be
located in the pressure chamber and air supplied to maintain a higher pressure on the exterior surface. Exterior chambers are
difficult to attach readily and seal to exterior surfaces.
5.7 Even though the equipment requirements are similar, this procedure is not intended to measure air infiltration because of
E1105–00 (2008)
the difficulty of isolating the component air leakage from the extraneous leakage through weep holes, mullion joints, trim, or other
surrounding materials.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general in nature, and any arrangement of equipment capable of performing
the test procedures within allowable tolerances is permitted.
6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):
6.2.1 Test Chamber—A test chamber or box made of plywood, plastic, or other suitable material and sealed against the test
specimen. Test chambers mounted on the interior must be made so that interior surfaces and joints of the specimen can be easily
observed for water penetration during the test. No part of the testing chamber shall come in contact with or restrict any point where
water pentration may occur. At least one static air pressure tap shall be provided to measure the chamber air pressure versus the
ambient (interior-exterior) air pressure and shall be located so located that the reading is unaffected by exterior impinging wind,
or by the velocity of air supply to or exhaust from the test chamber. The air supply opening into or exhaust from the test chamber
shall be arranged so that air does not impinge directly on the test specimen with any significant velocity. A means of access into
the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjustments and observations after the chamber has been installed.
6.2.2 Air System—A controllable blower, compressed air supply exhaust system, or reversible blower capable of providingde-
signed to supply the required maximum air pressure difference across the test specimen. The system must provide essentially
constant air flow at a fixed pressure for the required test period.
6.2.3 Pressure Measuring Apparatus—Adevice to measure the test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62%or 62.5 Pa
(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.
6.2.4 Water-Spray System—The water-spray system shall deliver water uniformly against the exterior surface of the test
2 2
specimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/m ·min (5.0 U.S. gal/ft ·h).
NOTE1—The 3—The National Weather Service Technical Paper No. 40 records that in the contiguous 48 United States, the greatest rainfall for a 1-h
2 2
period is less than 12.7 cm (5.0 in.). The rate of 3.4 L/m ·min (5.0 U.S. gal/ft ·h) specified in this test method corresponds to a rainfall of 20.3 cm (8.0
in.)/h unless otherwise specified.
National Weather Service, Washington National Airport, Arlington, VA 22202.
FIG. 1 General Arrangement of Water Penetration Test Apparatus
E1105–00 (2008)
6.2.4.1The water-spray system shall have nozzles spaced on a uniform grid, located at a distance from the test specimen as
determined by the calibration procedure.
6.2.4.1 The water-spray system shall have nozzles spaced on a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the test
specimen and shall be adjustable to provide the specified quantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the test specimen,
uniformly and to wet those areas vulnerable to water penetration. If additional nozzles are required to provide uniformity of water
spray at the edge of the test specimen, they shall be equally spaced around the entire spr
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.