ASTM D1748-83(1993)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Rust Protection by Metal Preservatives in the Humidity Cabinet
Standard Test Method for Rust Protection by Metal Preservatives in the Humidity Cabinet
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for evaluating the rust-preventive properties of metal preservatives under conditions of high humidity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 1748 – 83 (Reapproved 1993) An American National Standard
Designation: 366/84
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Rust Protection by Metal Preservatives in the Humidity
Cabinet
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 5310 of Federal Test Method Standard No 791 b.
e NOTE—Keywords were added in May 1993.
1. Scope MIL-C-15074C Corrosive Preventive Compound Finger
Print Remover
1.1 This test method is used for evaluating the rust-
2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers:
preventive properties of metal preservatives under conditions
1009C Tee Reducer, Bulkhead on Side, Flareless Tube
of high humidity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Summary of Test Method
standard.
3.1 Steel panels are prepared to a prescribed surface finish,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dipped in the test oil, allowed to drain and then suspended in a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
humidity cabinet at 48.9 6 °C (120°F) for a specified number
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
of hours. The oil fails or passes the test according to the size
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
and number of rust dots on the test surfaces of the panels.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method is used for measuring the relative
2.1 ASTM Standards:
abilities of metal preservatives to prevent the rusting of steel
A 109 Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon, Cold-Rolled
panels under conditions of high humidity. It should not be
D 91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
relied upon to predict the effectiveness of a metal preservative
Oils
in which high humidity is not the principal factor in the rusting.
D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
4.2 There are published data indicating a useful degree of
D 516 Test Methods for Sulfate Ion in Water
correlation with service performance, though these data are not
2.2 Federal Specifications:
extensive. Comparisons made by this method should normally
RRS-366 (Method 5329 of VV-L-791e) Test Sieve Sizes
be limited to similar metal preservative combinations designed
QQ-S-698 Steel Sheet and Strip, Low Carbon
for similar applications. The test life required for each type of
PD-680 Standard Solvent
metal preservative and for each intended application should be
JAN-H-792 Operations of Humidity Cabinet
based on actual experience with that type of preservative in the
2.3 Military Specifications:
intended service.
MIL-C-16173D Corrosion Preventive Compound, Solvent
4.3 Since the precision of the method appears to be less than
Compound Cutback, Cold Application
desired, a number of repeat tests may be necessary to establish
the test life of a given metal preservative, and repeat tests by
this method in more than one cabinet are sometimes desirable.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
4.4 The data obtained from this accelerated test is of interest
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
only in eliminating the most unsuitable materials or for
D 02.L0.03 on Corrosion Testing of Sheet Metal Processing Fluids.
Current edition approved July 29, 1983. Published September 1983. Originally
indicating a probable relative order of protection against rust
published as D1748 – 60 T. Last previous edition D1748 – 70 (1975).
under conditions of high humidity. This method does not
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
3 prescribe the exposure periods to be used for a specific product,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. nor the interpretation to be given to the results.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
6 7
Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
W1A2B5. Warrendale, PA 15096.
D 1748
5. Apparatus tion which should be investigated and corrected. A persistent low pH
along with a positive sulfate test indicates that the air supply is
5.1 The apparatus shall conform to the details shown in the
contaminated with sulfur oxides. In this case, the water in the cabinet
Annex A1 and shall meet the requirements of Military Speci-
should be replaced, and a suitable alkali scrubber system installed in the
fication JAN-H-792.
air train.
NOTE 3—Details of the cabinet operation described in 7.1 and 7.2 and
6. Panel Cleaning Materials
the details of panel preparation described in Section 8, must be carefully
6.1 Aluminum Oxide Cloth, 240-grit. carried out. Only by such standardization can results be obtained that are
significant and comparable to those run at another time or in another
NOTE 1—Paper-backed abrasives, wet or dry, waterproof, or iron oxide
laboratory.
abrasives are prohibited.
8. Panel Preparation
6.2 Silica Sand, white, dry, sharp, chloride free, or alumi-
num oxide, blasting grade. (The size shall be such that it meets
8.1 Remove the protective packaging from all the panels to
the following sieve requirements to Federal Specification
be used for a particular day and wash away the rust preventive
RR-S-366) (Method 5329 of VV-L-791e):
material in a beaker of petroleum naphtha (swabbing is
6.2.1 One hundred percent must pass through a No. 10
permissible). Carefully inspect each panel and use only those
(2.00-mm) sieve.
which comply with requirements given in Annex A1.10.
6.2.2 Minimum of 90 % must pass through a No. 20
Identify each panel by an appropriate number in the right-hand
(850-μm) sieve.
lower corner, outside of the significant area, or by attaching a
6.2.3 Maximum of 10 % permitted to pass through a No. 50
small metal tag to the outside wire hook after the panel is
(300-μm) sieve.
polished.
6.3 Petroleum Naphtha, conforming to Federal Specifica-
8.2 The following are pertinent to the polishing operations:
tion PD 668. Type 1 (37.8°C (100°F) min flash). (Caution—
8.2.1 Do not allow the bare fingers to touch the panel.
Combustible. Vapor harmful. See Annex A2.1. Danger—
Tongs, metal hooks, or pieces of lint-free paper are suitable
Extremely flammable, harmful if inhaled. See Annex A2.2.)
helps for manipulating and holding the panel.
6.4 Precipitation Naphtha, conforming to the requirements
8.2.2 Always keep the panel on a clean, dry surface.
in Section 4 of Test Method D 91.
8.3 Alternative Surface Finishes—Polishing:
6.5 Methanol (Methyl Alcohol), absolute, ACS reagent
8.3.1 The amount of polishing of the panel by the operator
grade. (Danger—Flammable. Vapor harmful. May be fatal or
conducting the humidity cabinet test should only be that
cause blindness if swallowed or inhaled, cannot be made
required to give it a fresh, clean, and active surface. This
nonpoisonous. See Annex A2.3.)
requires only a few minutes per panel. A fast-moving belt
sander should not be used since the heat of friction may change
7. Humidity Cabinet Operating Conditions
the surface characteristics of the panel. Surface finish limits for
7.1 During evaluation of a sample the cabinet shall be run
the panel are not defined here. There should be no appreciable
continuously with the following standard conditions being
change of the finish from the 0.25 to .51 μm (10 to 20 μm)
maintained:
obtained by the original surface grinding A1.10.1.3.
Air temperature:
8.3.2 Divide the 240-grit aluminum oxide abrasive cloth
Inside the cabinet 48.9 6 1.1°C (120 6 2°F)
into convenient size strips for the subsequent polishing opera-
Outside the cabinet 24.1 6 5.5°C (75 6 10°F)
Rate of air to the cabinet 0.878 (31 6 1ft /h) at 25°C and 760 tions. Observing the precautions given in 8.2 and 8.3, buff all
6 0.028 m /h mm Hg
four of the rounded edges with even strokes in the direction of
Water in cabinet:
each edge. Ream out the two holes used for suspension and
Level 203 6 6.4 mm (8 6 ⁄4 in.)
pH 5.5 to 7.5
wipe clean, using gauze wet with petroleum naphtha.
Oil content clear with no evidence of oil
8.3.3 While polishing, place the panel on a clean, dry
Chlorides less than 20 ppm (Test Method
surface with a suitable thickness of clean paper under it to help
D 512)
A
Sulfates and sulfites less than 20 ppm as sulfate (Test
prevent contamination. The panel may be held by hand using
Method D 516)
paper between the fingers and the steel surface. Alternatively it
may be held in a special holder such as a wooden block having
A
Boil the water sample with 10 mL of saturated bromine water before making the 1
about a 1.6-mm ( ⁄16-in.) depression slightly larger in area than
test for sulfates.
the 51- by 102-mm (2- by 4-in.) dimension of the panel. The
Speed of rotating 0.33 6 0.03 rpm
abrasive cloth may be held in the palm of the hand with the
Cover close fitting
Cloth layers in cover shall not be torn, contaminated, fingers applying pressure to the panel. Alternatively, the
nor contain droplets of water
aluminum oxide cloth may be held on a block of size
Cover opening to a height of 355 mm (14 in.) at
convenient to the hand and convenient for polishing with
the front
smooth strokes without marking the ends of the panel.
7.2 Rate of air to the cabinet, air temperature, pH, and water
8.3.4 Polish the unnumbered or leading surface of the panel
level shall be checked and regulated if necessary in the
with careful even strokes, always parallel to the 102-mm (4-in.)
morning and afternoon of each day. Remaining standard
dimension. Use a polishing pressure of about 4.5 to 8.9 N (1 to
conditions shall be closely checked once each week. The pH
2 lb). Do not scratch the surface by using short or curved
measurement may be made with wide-range indicator paper.
strokes. Ensure that the panel is held firmly so that only the
NOTE 2—Values for pH outside the limits shown indicate contamina- abrasive cloth moves. After several polishing strokes, inspect
D 1748
the abrasive cloth and when necessary make another fold to 8.4.4 Heat the methanol so that the solvent will evaporate
expose a new and effective area. Continue to polish the leading from the panels immediately upon withdrawal from the sol-
surface until it contains a completely fresh surface. The finish vent.
should be within the range from 0.25 to 0.51 μm (10 to 20 μin) 8.4.5 Remove remaining residue by holding the panels in a
(rms). Examine the entire surface and if scratches or other rack at 20° from the vertical and spraying downward with
imperfections are noted, continue polishing until corrected. In naphtha.
the same manner polish the second side of the panel, unless the 8.4.6 Spray the test surface, then the back of the panel, and
test specification requires only one polished side per panel. the test surface again.
8.4.7 Rinse the panels in hot naphtha and hot methanol and
NOTE 4—It is advisable for each operator to finish several panels to
store in a desiccator until cool.
determine exactly what technique is required to attain the correct surface
8.4.8 Panels are to be used the same day as prepared.
finish using a profilometer or other surface roughness gage. After
techniques have been established, the use of visual comparison standards
9. Procedure
is sufficient as a check on surface roughness.
9.1 Bring the sample oil to a temperature of 23.3 6 0.5°C
8.3.5 Remove the dust from the abrasive operation using
(74 6 1°F) and pour into a clean, dry 400-mL tall-form glass
clean gauze wet with petroleum naphtha. (Caution—
beaker to a height of at least 114 mm (about 375 mL). By use
Combustible. See Annex A2.1). Finally, wipe with clean
of one clean suspension hook remove a panel from the
surgical gauze until there is no dark stain on a clean section of
methanol and hang it in the vapor space above boiling ASTM
the gauze. Remove any dust in the holes by use of a pipe
precipitation naphtha (Danger—Flammable. See Annex A2.1)
cleaner. (This may be followed by an ultrasonic cleaning bath
for 5 min, ensuring that the panel is completely wet with the
procedure.) Submerge the panel completely in absolute metha-
refluxing solvent.
nol at room temperature. (Danger—Flammable. Vapor harm-
ful. See Annex A2.3).
NOTE 6—Cleaning the panel with naphtha vapors is conveniently done
using approximately 100 mL of naphtha in a 400- to 600-mL tall-form
NOTE 5—The following should be carried out periodically as a check
beaker. Perform this operation in a well-ventilated hood and make sure
on surface cleanliness: Place the cleaned panel directly under a buret on
there are no sources of ignition in the area. Heat-resistant glass beakers
a table free of vibrations and drafts. Place the buret so its tip is exactly 300
have been used for this purpose, but use of a metal beaker is preferred
mm above the panel. The buret contains distilled water and shall have a tip
from the standpoint of possible breakage.
of proper dimensions to deliver 0.05 6 0.01 mL of distilled water per
drop. Allow one drop of distilled water to fall onto the panel surface. If the
9.2 Then slush the panel for 10 s in a beaker of boiling
surface is absolutely clean, successive droplets on various parts of the
absolute methanol. (Danger—Flammable. Vapor harmful. See
surface will spread out completely in spots of closely reproducible
Annex A2.3). Withdraw it from the methanol and observe for
dimensions. A clean panel should give a spread of 21 to 23 mm for each
any stains on the surfaces, with attention to any contamination
0.05 mL of distilled water. This test is considered necessary and important
from the holes. If stains are present, repeat the panel prepara-
because of variations found in different abrasive materials and the
tion beginning at 8.3.2. After 10 to 20 s in the air, place the
personal factors involved in the procedure require some method of check
on final results. Panels used for this cleanliness check test are not suitable clean panel in the sample oil and agitate for 10 s while
for use in the protection test.
submerged in the oil. Withdraw the panel with a continuous
motion, drain for 10 s, and replace in the
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