ASTM F1473-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
Standard Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful to measure the slow crack growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials at accelerated conditions such as 80°C, 2.4-MPa stress, and with a sharp notch.
The testing time or time to failure depends on the following test parameters: temperature; stress; notch depth; and specimen geometry. Increasing temperature, stress, and notch depth decrease the time to failure. Thus, in reporting the test time or time to failure, all the conditions of the test shall be specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyethylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions specified within.
Note 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.
1.2 The test is generally performed at 80°C and at 2.4 MPa, but may also be done at temperatures below 80°C and with other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. Generally, polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80°C if the stress is below 2.4 MPa.
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to specimens from pipe.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1473 − 11 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack
1
Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyeth-
3. Terminology
ylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions speci-
fied within. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance withTerminology F412.
NOTE 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch
Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
Test) test.
unless otherwise indicated.
1.2 The test is generally performed at 80°C and at 2.4 MPa,
3.1.2 brittle failure—a pipe failure mode which exhibits no
but may also be done at temperatures below 80°C and with
visible (to the naked eye) permanent material deformation
other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and
(stretching, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the
thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. Generally,
break (Terminology F412).
polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
crack growth at 80°C if the stress is below 2.4 MPa.
3.2.1 slow crack growth—the slow extension of the crack
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression
with time.
2
molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to
specimens from pipe.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 Specimens are prepared from compression molded
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
plaques, precisely notched and then exposed to a constant
standard.
tensile stress at elevated temperatures in air. Time on test is
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
recorded for tests conducted against a minimum time before
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
failure requirement or the time to complete failure is recorded.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—Minimum time before failure requirements are found in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
material or product specifications, codes, etc.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This test method is useful to measure the slow crack
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
at accelerated conditions such as 80°C, 2.4-MPa stress, and
tics
with a sharp notch.
D4703Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
5.2 The testing time or time to failure depends on the
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
followingtestparameters:temperature;stress;notchdepth;and
specimen geometry. Increasing temperature, stress, and notch
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
depth decrease the time to failure. Thus, in reporting the test
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
time or time to failure, all the conditions of the test shall be
Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally specified.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1473–07. DOI:
10.1520/F1473-11.
6. Apparatus
2
Lu,X.,andBrown,N.,“ATestforSlowCrackGrowthFailureinPolyethylene
Under a Constant Load,” Journal of Polymer Testing, Vol 11, pp. 309–319, 1992.
6.1 Lever Loading Machine, with a lever arm ratio of about
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5:1. The tensile load may also be applied directly using dead
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
weightsoranyothermethodforproducingaconstantload.The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pull rods on the grips shall have universal action to prevent
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F1473 − 11
bending. The grips shall be serrated to prevent slippage. The
load on the specimen shall be accurate to at least 60.5%.
6.2 Furnace, heated by ordinary incandescent light bulbs
covered with aluminum foil or any other suitable heating
eleme
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F1473–07 Designation:F1473–11
Standard Test Method for
Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack
1
Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethoddeterminestheresistanceofpolyethylenematerialstoslowcrackgrowthunderconditionsspecifiedwithin.
NOTE 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.
1.2 The test is generally performed at 80°C and at 2.4 MPa, but may also be done at temperatures below 80°C and with other
stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. Generally, polyethylenes will
ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80°C if the stress is below 2.4 MPa.
2
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to
specimens from pipe.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing ASTM Standards:
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D3350Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412.Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unless
otherwise indicated.
3.1.2 brittle failure—a pipe failure mode which exhibits no visible (to the naked eye) permanent material deformation
(stretching, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the break (Terminology F412).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 slow crack growth—the slow extension of the crack with time.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1Specimens are cut from compression molded plaques. It is precisely notched and then exposed to a constant tensile stress at
elevated temperatures in air. The time for complete failure is recorded.
4.1 Specimens are prepared from compression molded plaques, precisely notched and then exposed to a constant tensile stress
at elevated temperatures in air. Time on test is recorded for tests conducted against a minimum time before failure requirement or
the time to complete failure is recorded.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.
´1
Current edition approved May 1, 2007.2011. Published May 2007.2011. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as F1473–01 .
F1473 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/F1473-07.10.1520/F1473-11.
2
Lu, X., and Brown, N., “A Test for Slow Crack Growth Failure in Polyethylene Under a Constant Load,” Journal of Polymer Testing, Vol 11, pp. 309–319, 1992.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1473–11
NOTE 2—Minimum time before failure requirements are found in material or product specifications, codes, etc.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful to measure the slow crack growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials at
accelerated conditions such as 80°C, 2.4-MPa stress, and with a sharp notch.
5.2 The testing time or time to failure depends on the following test parameters: temperature; stress; notch depth; and
...
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