ASTM D409/D409M-11a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method develops a measurement of grinding or pulverizing characteristics that can be used to evaluate the yield, or energy input, or both, required in a grinding or pulverizing process, which can impact a wide variety of processes, including combustion, coke-making, liquefaction, and gasification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding [Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)].
1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 × 0.60 mm (No. 16 × 30) (see Test Method D4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D409/D409M–11a
Standard Test Method for
1
Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D409/D409M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is structured into the following parts:
The body of the test method discusses the scope, referenced documents, significance and use,
apparatus,grosssamples,preparationoftestsamples,procedure,calculationandreport,precisionand
bias, and keywords.
AnnexA1 contains the method to obtain and prepare coal feedstock for potential use as HGI RMs
(reference materials).
AnnexA2 contains the method to divide and containerize the candidate HGI RMs (candidate HGI
RMs) from the feedstock prepared in Annex A1.
AnnexA3containsthemethodforhomogeneitytestingofthecandidateHGIRMscontainerizedin
Annex A2.
Annex A4 contains the method for determining the Hardgrove grindability index (HGI) to be
assigned to each lot of the candidate HGI RMs.
AnnexA5containsthemethodusedtocalibrateaHardgrovegrindabilitymachineusingtheprimary
or secondary HGI RMs.
Annex A6 contains the method for determining the moisture content of the 1.18 3 0.60 mm (No.
16 3 30) test sample.
1. Scope used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding
2
[Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)].
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous,
relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in
subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change
comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and
asthenaturalorseammoistureisreleasedduringhandlingand
sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in
preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grind-
a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized
ability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the
product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is
laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on
the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 3
0.60 mm (No. 16 330) (see Test Method D4749) materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibil-
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of D05.07 on Physical Characteristics of
Coal. ity cited in this test method may not apply for these high-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals.
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D409–11. DOI:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
10.1520/D0409_D0409M-11A.
2
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Forinformationconcerningtheexperimentalworkonwhichthistestmethodis
based, see paper by Hardgrove, R. M., “Grindability of Coal,” Transactions,
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol 54, F.S.P., p. 37, 1932.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D05.07onPhysicalCharacteristicsonCoalisconductingongoinginvestigations
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
in regard to quality control during preparation, distribution, and use of standard
reference materials and during preparation and testing of actual samples. with the standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D409/D409M–11a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the sufficient capacity to weigh a sample with a mass of greater
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the than or equal to 1000g along with the drying pan.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.4 Balance[forweighingthe50-gtestsampleandthesieve
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fractions formed during milling]—Withasensitivityofatleast
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
10 mg and a minimum capacity of 800 g.
NOTE 1—A single balance meeting the specifications of 4.3 and 4.4 is
2. Referenced Documents
permitted.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.5 Calibration Weights—These calibration weights shall
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
be used periodically to monitor the response of each balance
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D409/D409M–11 Designation:D409/D409M–11a
Standard Test Method for
1
Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D409/D409M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is structured into the following parts:
The body of the test method discusses the scope, referenced documents, significance and use,
apparatus,grosssamples,preparationoftestsamples,procedure,calculationandreport,precisionand
bias, and keywords.
AnnexA1 contains the method to obtain and prepare coal feedstock for potential use as HGI RMs
(reference materials).
AnnexA2 contains the method to divide and containerize the candidate HGI RMs (candidate HGI
RMs) from the feedstock prepared in Annex A1.
AnnexA3containsthemethodforhomogeneitytestingofthecandidateHGIRMscontainerizedin
Annex A2.
Annex A4 contains the method for determining the Hardgrove grindability index (HGI) to be
assigned to each lot of the candidate HGI RMs.
AnnexA5containsthemethodusedtocalibrateaHardgrovegrindabilitymachineusingtheprimary
or secondary HGI RMs.
Annex A6 contains the method for determining the moisture content of the 1.18 3 0.60 mm (No.
16 3 30) test sample.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with
coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer,
and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index
relative to the ease of grinding [Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)].
1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the
natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability
characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions
of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 3 0.60 mm (No. 16 330) (see Test Method D4749) materials used for the test.
Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous,
subbituminous, and lignite coals.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of D05.07 on Physical Characteristics of Coal.
´1
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D409–09a . DOI:
10.1520/D0409_D0409M-11.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D409–11. DOI:
10.1520/D0409_D0409M-11A.
2
For information concerning the experimental work on which this test method is based, see paper by Hardgrove, R. M., “Grindability of Coal,” Transactions,American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol 54, F.S.P., p. 37, 1932.
D05.07onPhysicalCharacteristicsonCoalisconductingongoinginvestigationsinregardtoqualitycontrolduringpreparation,distribution,anduseofstandardreference
materials and during preparation and testing of actual samples.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D409/D409M–11a
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D2234/D2234M Practi
...
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