ASTM E3172-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Reporting Production Information and Data for Nano-Objects
Standard Guide for Reporting Production Information and Data for Nano-Objects
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A nano-object at any specific time can be considered well-defined.
5.2 The life-cycle of a nano-object can be viewed as a series of production processes that transforms starting materials or a well-defined nano-object into a new, equally well-defined nano-object.
5.3 Each step of the life-cycle can be considered a separate production action and can be described by the information categories and descriptors within this guide.
5.4 The following are examples of nano-object productions that can be described by this guide.
5.4.1 The creation of carbon nanotubes by arc discharge.
5.4.2 The coating of a nano-object in a random or controlled manner when placed in a liquid.
Note 1: The reactivity of nano-objects makes it likely that even with the utmost precautions, various features and characteristics may change over time, for example, when a nano-object is placed in a liquid and coated. Such a coating can significantly change the properties, functionalities, and reactivity of the nano-object. This change can be considered one step of a life-cycle and is a production process.
Note 2: A nano-object may have more than one coating. For example, titania nano-objects are often coated by alumina by manufacturers to control certain properties. When these previously coated nano-objects are placed in liquid containing biological molecules, they can acquire a second coating. It can require very careful administration of test procedures to ensure the test results can meaningfully be ascribed to characteristics and features of the “initial” nano-objects.
5.4.3 A nano-object experiences changes to its size, shape, physical structure, and other characteristics.
Note 3: Events such as shock (unexpected forces), temperature and pressure changes, humidity changes, shipping, dissolution, and exposure to acids and bases can result in a changed nano-object with significantly different properties, functionalities, and reactivity. These events can be considered a prod...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for describing the production of one or more individual nano-objects. It establishes essential and desirable information categories and descriptors important to specify the production process, including the starting materials, the process itself, and the resulting nano-objects.
1.2 This guide is designed to be directly applicable to reporting production information and data for nano-objects in most circumstances, including but not limited to reporting original research results in the archival literature, developing of ontologies, database schemas, data repositories and data reporting formats, specifying regulations, and enabling commercial activity.
1.3 This guide is applicable to an individual nano-object and a collection of nano-objects.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3172 − 18
Standard Guide for
Reporting Production Information and Data for Nano-
1
Objects
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3172; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standards:
Uniform Description System for Materials on the Na-
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for describing the pro-
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noscale
duction of one or more individual nano-objects. It establishes
essential and desirable information categories and descriptors
3. Terminology
important to specify the production process, including the
3.1 Definitions:
starting materials, the process itself, and the resulting nano-
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in this standard,
objects.
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see Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions.
1.2 This guide is designed to be directly applicable to
3.2 Definitions of Terms for Data Description:
reporting production information and data for nano-objects in
3.2.1 descriptor, n—numericaldataortextthatexpressesthe
most circumstances, including but not limited to reporting
measurement, observation, or calculational result of some
originalresearchresultsinthearchivalliterature,developingof
aspect of an object.
ontologies,databaseschemas,datarepositoriesanddatareport-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—A descriptor conveys both the seman-
ing formats, specifying regulations, and enabling commercial
tics of the results as well as the result itself.
activity.
3.2.2 information category, n—a set or group of related
1.3 Thisguideisapplicabletoanindividualnano-objectand
descriptors that represent a property, characteristic, or feature
a collection of nano-objects.
of an object.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.2.1 Discussion—Information categories may be hierar-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chical and contain subcategories (referred to as such), each
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- containing a set of descriptors.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.2.2 Discussion—Information categories and their sub-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
categories are constructed to convey understanding of the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
structure, properties, features, and performance of an object.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.2.3 Discussion—A descriptor may occur in more than
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
one information category.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2.4 Discussion—It is the responsibility of the owner of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
data or information resources using an information category to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ensure that data and information redundancy is adequately
addressed.
2. Referenced Documents
3.3 Definitions of Terms for Nanomaterials:
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2.1 ISO Standards:
3.3.1 nanomaterial, n—a material with one, two, or three
ISO/TS 12805:2011(en) Nanotechnologies — Materials
external dimensions in the nanoscale.
Specifications — Guidance on Specifying Nano-Objects
ISO/TS 80004-3:2010(en)
ISO/TS 80004-1:2010(en) Nanotechnologies –Vocabulary –
3.3.2 nano-object, n—an instance of nanomaterial that has a
Part 1: Core Terms
distinct physical boundary in every direction and moves freely.
3.3.2.1 Discussion—A nano-object is the smallest unit of
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E56 on Nanotech-
nanomaterial that exists as a separate functional entity.
nology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E56.01 on Informatics and
Terminology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. DOI: 10.1520/
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E3172-18. Available from CODATA-VAMAS Working Group on the Description of
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Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Nanomaterials, http://www.codata.org/nanomaterials, as released on 25 May 2016.
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Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions, 9th edition, ASTM International,
Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org. 2000.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E3172 − 18
3.4 Definitions of Terms for Production: 5.3 Each step of the life-cycle c
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