ASTM F711-02(2007)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used in Live Line Tools
Standard Specification for Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used in Live Line Tools
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the technical characteristics of and test methods for insulating rods and foam-filled tubes made from fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) that are intended for use in live line tools. This specification does not include insulating foam-filled tubes and rods made from other materials, as well as fittings and attachments to the rods and foam-filled tubes for complete tools are not covered in this specification. The rods and tubes shall undergo four types of tests, namely: design test, sample test, routine test, and acceptance test. Tests shall be conducted to evaluate the following mechanical and electrical properties: wicking, bending deflection, horizontal crush, tension, shear, compression, modulus of elasticity, and mechanical aging; and dielectric current and leakage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers insulating rods and foam-filled tubes made from fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) that are intended for use in live line tools.
1.2 This specification does not include insulating foam-filled tubes and rods from other materials. Specifications for fittings and attachments to rods and foam-filled tubes for complete tools are not covered in this specification.
1.3 This specification establishes the technical characteristics that the tubes and rods must satisfy.
The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:F711 −02(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used in
Live Line Tools
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF711;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 design test—atypeoftestmadeonasampletreatedas
representative of an industrial product. These tests will not
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversinsulatingrodsandfoam-filled
generally be repeated in quantity production.
tubes made from fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) that are
3.1.3 insulating tubes and rods—fiberglass-reinforced plas-
intended for use in live line tools.
tic (FRP) products manufactured using processes so that the
1.2 This specification does not include insulating foam-
tubes and rods produced will meet the electrical and mechani-
filled tubes and rods from other materials. Specifications for
cal tests prescribed in this specification.
fittings and attachments to rods and foam-filled tubes for
3.1.4 interior foam-filled tube—homogeneous unicellular
complete tools are not covered in this specification.
thermosetting foam filling with closed cells blown with non-
1.3 This specification establishes the technical characteris-
combustible gases. The foam filling shall be bonded to the
tics that the tubes and rods must satisfy.
interior tube wall. The foam filling should be free of voids,
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
separations, holes, cracks, etc.
test method portion, Section 12, of this specification.This
3.1.5 routine test—a type of test made regularly on produc-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
tion material.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1.6 visual inspection—a visual check made to detect
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
constructional defects.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Outside Diameter Sizes—Foam-filled FRP tube and
2. Referenced Documents
solid FRP rod shall meet the outside diameter dimensions
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shown in Table 1.The tolerances shown will assist in ensuring
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
interchangeability with interfacing equipment.
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
4.2 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon between
at Commercial Power Frequencies
the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D695Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
5. Materials and Manufacture
Plastics
5.1 Except for those test methods leading to destruction,
neither the FRP tube, foam, or the bond between them shall
3. Terminology
deteriorate during the prescribed mechanical and electrical
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tests of this specification.
3.1.1 acceptance test—a type of test made at the option of
6. Physical Requirements
the purchaser.
6.1 The materials shall conform to the diameters prescribed
in Table 1 for tube and rod.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on
6.2 The standard sizes listed by nominal diameter are
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of
recommended and do not preclude the manufacture of other
Subcommittee F18.35 on Tools & Equipment.
sizes or shapes.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F711–02. DOI:
7. Weight
10.1520/F0711-02R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 It has not been found necessary to specify the weight of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the product produced under this specification in order for it to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. comply with performance requirements.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F711−02 (2007)
TABLE 1 Standard Tube and Rod Outside Diameters
routine tube
routine rod
Nominal Diameter Min Diameter Max Diameter
TYPE
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm)
10.2 Electrical:
Tube 1 (25.4) 0.98 (24.9) 1.02 (25.9)
Test Type Material
1 ⁄4 (31.8) 1.22 (31.0) 1.27 (32.3)
Dielectric current (leakage) design rod
1 ⁄2 (38.1) 1.47 (37.3) 1.53 (38.9)
(before moisture conditioning) design tube
1 ⁄4 (44.5) 1.73 (43.9) 1.78 (45.2)
Dielectric current (leakage) design rod
2 (50.8) 1.97 (50.0) 2.04 (51.8)
(after moisture conditioning) design tube
2 ⁄2 (63.5) 2.47 (62.7) 2.54 (64.5)
Withstand (either method 1 or 2) routine rod
3 (76.2) 2.97 (75.3) 3.04 (77.2)
routine tube
Rod ⁄8 (9.5) 0.369 (9.4) 0.385 (9.8)
⁄2 (12.7) 0.490 (12.4) 0.510 (13.0)
11. Number of Tests and Samples (Three each)
⁄8 (15.9) 0.610 (15.5) 0.635 (16.1)
⁄4 (19.1) 0.720 (18.3) 0.765 (19.4)
11.1 Tubes:
11.1.1 Wicking Test—Three samples, each 1-in. (25-mm)
long.
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
11.1.2 Bending Deflection Test—8ft,5in.(2.6m)orlonger.
See Fig. 13.
8.1 The external surface shall be uniform, symmetrical, and
11.1.3 Horizontal Crush Test—Three diameters long. See
free of abrasions, scratches, blemishes, and surface defects.
Fig. 14.
8.2 Any defect that may capture an impurity or impair the
11.1.4 Tension Test—12-in. (300-mm) long, prepared in
dielectric integrity of the product shall be cause for rejection.
accordance with Fig. 1 and Test Method D638.
8.3 FRP rod or tube material after which a finish coating,
11.1.5 Shear Test—4-in. (100-mm) long, prepared in accor-
such as paint, is applied must meet all physical, electrical, and
dance with Fig. 2.
mechanical requirements.
11.1.6 Electrical Tests—12-in. (300-mm) long, prepared in
accordance with Section 12.
9. Sampling
11.2 Rod:
9.1 Design Test—Perform the test on a minimum of three
samples only when changes are made to a new or existing
design of the product that may affect the mechanical and
electrical characteristics.
9.1.1 The design test will be used to qualify a specific item
and normally will not be repeated during production.
9.2 Sample Test—A test specimen shall consist of one or
more items, dependent on 1% of the lot being tested.
9.2.1 Alotisrepresentedeitherbyallitemsproducedinone
production run or in one shipment.
9.2.2 Lots of new, unused items shall have test specimens
selected at random.
9.3 Routine Test—Performthetestonallpiecesdeliveredto
the purchaser.
9.4 Acceptance Test—A test made at the option of the
purchaser.
10. Conduct of Tests on Samples
10.1 Mechanical:
Test Type Material
Wicking design tube
Bending deflection design tube
Horizontal crush design tube
acceptance tube
Tension design tube
design rod
Shear design tube
Compression design rod
Modulus of elasticity (tension) design rod
Mechanical aging (flexure) design tube
design rod
Visual design tube
design rod
acceptance tube
acceptance rod
Dimensional acceptance tube
acceptance rod
FIG. 1 Tension Test
F711−02 (2007)
12. Test Methods
12.1 Visual Inspection—Make a visual check to detect
manufacturing defects (for example, evidence of faulty bond-
ing between fibers and resin, air bubbles, foreign bodies, or
particles).
12.2 Electrical Tests—The test apparatus shall be designed
toprovidetheoperatorfullprotectionintheperformanceofhis
dutiesandprovidereliablemeansofde-energizingandground-
ing the high voltage circuit.
12.2.1 During the course of the testing, there shall be no
sign of flashover or puncture on any of the samples.
12.2.2 The ambient temperature for the test location shall
not be lower than 60°F (16°C).
12.2.3 Prior to the first or initial electrical test, the sample
shallbecleanedwithasuitablesolventasrecommendedbythe
manufacturer (specifically a solvent that neither destroys the
materials from which the tube or rod is made nor leaves any
residue on the surface of the sample).
12.2.3.1 After initial cleaning, the sample shall remain in
the ambient atmosphere of the test premises for at least 24 h.
FIG. 2 Shear Test
12.2.4 Electrical Design Test—Thesampleforthedielectric
test shall be 12 in. (300 mm) in length.
12.2.4.1 Theelectricaldesigntestsshallbemadebeforeand
afterexposuretomoistureconditions,asspecified,using60-Hz
11.2.1 Compression Test (Applicable to solid rod only)—
voltage.
4-ft (1.2-m) long, prepared in accordance with Test Method
12.2.4.2 A typical test setup is shown in Fig. 3. Details are
D695.
shown in Figs. 4-9. The measuring equipment should not be
11.2.2 Modulus of Elasticity (Tension) (Applicable to solid
less than 6 ft (1.8 m) from the high-voltage electrode. Shield
rod only)—4 ft (1.2 m) long, prepared in accordance with Test
and ground the assembly for the measuring equipment. Verti-
Method D638.
cally mount the test specimen at least 3 ft (0.9 m) above the
11.3 Rod and Tube Mechanical Aging Tests: flooronaninsulatingsupport.Applythevoltageof100kVrms
11.3.1 Flexure—Rod, 4 ft (1.2 m) or tube, 8 ft (2.4 m) in at 60 Hz between the electrodes, in accordance with Test
length. MethodD149atamaximumvoltageriseof3000V/s.Measure
NOTE 1—For details of Fig. 3 see Figs. 4-9.
FIG. 3Typical AC Test Set Up
F711−02 (2007)
FIG. 4 Assembly Detail
FIG. 5 Electrode Detail
the current passing over or through the test specimen in rms (b)Upon completion of the before-moisture conditioning
values by passing it through a known resistance.
electricaltest(I1),thesampleshallthenbeplacedinasuitable
(a)The current I1 is the maximum dielectric current
chamber and undergo the following conditioning prior to the
measured with an alternating voltage of 100 kV rms 60 Hz
after-moisture conditioning electrical test, (I2).
applied between the electrodes for 1 min.
F711−02 (2007)
FIG. 6 Electrode Cap Detail
FIG. 8 Nylon Electrode Support Detail
FIG. 9 Brass Screw Detail
FIG. 7 Brass Electrode Detail
12.2.4.3 Test Results—The currents (I1) measured shall be
less than the values in Table 2. The difference between I1 and
I2 shall be less than 20 µA.
Time: 168 h
Temperature: 23 ± 4°C
12.2.5 Electrical Withstand Routine Tests—EitherMethod1
Relative humidity: 93 %, or greater
or Method 2 shall be used to perform the routine electrical
(c)After moisture conditioning and a light wiping with a withstand test for both FRP rods and FRP foam-filled tubes.
drycloth,thecurrent I2ismeasuredunderthesameconditions 12.2.5.1 Electrical Withstand Acceptance Test (Method 1)
as was I1. Without Dielectric Current Monitoring—The typical test setup
(d)Locate the specimen in the same relative position to is shown in Fig. 10. Horizontally mount the test specimen at
earth;thehigh-potentialendofthesampleshallbethesamefor least 3 ft (0.9 m) above the floor on an insulating support. The
both tests. electrodes shall be spaced 12 in. apart.
F711−02 (2007)
A
TABLE 2 Flexure Forces and Leakage Current
Leakage
Outside Diameter Flexure Forces
Current, I1
TYPE
in. (mm) lbf (N) µA
Tube 1 (25.4) 220 (978.6) 5
1 ⁄4 (31.8) 270 (1201.0) 6
1 ⁄2 (38.1) 370 (1645.8) 8
1 ⁄4 (44.5) 550 (2446.5) 9
2 (50.8) 670 (2980.3) 10
2 ⁄2 (63.5) 1680 (7473.0) 12
3 (76.2) 3030 (13 478.1) 14
Rod ⁄8 (9.5) 50 (222.4) 6
⁄2 (12.7) 150 (667.2) 6
⁄8 (15.9) 375 (1668.0) 6
⁄4 (19.1) 800 (3058.6) 6
A
Values listed for maximum I1 are based on pole constructed of a relatively thin
wallandfilledinternallywithfoam.Somespecialapplicationsrequireathickerwall,
denser foam, or different materials, which could change the dielectric constant of
the test setup and consequently I1. Tubes such as these will still meet the
requirements of this specification if the dry leakage is less than twice the listed
maximum value of I1 in the table.
FIG. 11 Typical Test Set-Up
FIG. 10 Typical Test Arrangement for Electrical Withstand Accep-
tance Test
(a)During the electrical withstand acceptance test, the
tubesorrodsshallbesubjectedtoanalternatingvoltageof100
kV rms at power frequency in accordance with Test Method
D149 at a maximum voltage rise of 3000V/s.The test voltage
shall be applied between electrodes for 5 min.
FIG. 12 Typical Test Set-Up
(b)During the course of the testing, there shall be no sign
of flashover, puncture, tracking, or erosion on the surface of
any sample. There shall be no perceptible temperature rise of
drive so that intentional action on the part of the operator is
any sample.
required to reset the equipment.
12.2.5.2 Electrical Withstand Test (Method 2) With Dielec-
(b) Acceptableriseaboveambientoflessthan I1aslisted
tric Current Monitoring—The typical test set-up is shown in
in Table 2. During the course of the testing, there shall be no
Figs.11and12.Thenecessaryequipmentshouldbeadequately
sign of flashover, puncture, tracking, or erosion on the surface
shielded to provide accurate readings. The test fixture should
of any sample.
be enclosed for worker protection and equipped with an
exhaust fan to provide a stable atmosphere. A motor drive 12.3 Mechanical Testing of FRP Tube:
should be utilized to ensure a uniform rate of feed. The feed 12.3.1 Bending Deflection Test (design)—A tube 8 ft 5 in.
rateshouldbeproportionaltotheresponsetimeofthemetering (2.6 m) or longer shall be placed in a testing device such that
circuit; that is, it shall be run slowly enough that maximum the overhang arm is 60 in. (1.5 m) in length, and the distance
readings are obtained. At no time should this rate of feed between supports is as shown in Fig. 13.
exceed 40 ft/min. 12.3.1.1 The support shall be of the pole clamp-type (ap-
(a) With 6-in. electrode spacing, the applied voltage will proximately 4-in. (100-mm) long) with the back clamp tight-
be 50 kV. The equipment shall be designed such that a ened to hold specimen in place while the front clamp remains
flashover, excessive dielectric current will disable the motor loose and serves only as a fulcrum. Both clamps shall be free
F711−02 (2007)
FIG. 13 Bending Deflection Test
FIG. 14 Crush Test
to pivot as load (in Table 3) is applied 60 in. (1.5 m) from
TABLE 4 Crush Minimums
center of front clamping device (see Fig. 13).
Diameter Min Crush Strength
12.3.1.2 The deflection of each tube tested shall not exceed
in. (mm) lbf (N)
the value specified in Table 3.
1 (25) 650 (2891)
12.3.2 Horizontal Crus
...
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