ASTM C858-19
(Specification)Standard Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
Standard Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Apr-2019
- Technical Committee
- C27 - Precast Concrete Products
- Drafting Committee
- C27.10 - Utility Structures
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2024
- Refers
ASTM C31/C31M-24a - Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field - Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Refers
ASTM C31/C31M-24 - Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field - Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Refers
ASTM C39/C39M-23 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2018
Overview
ASTM C858-19: Standard Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures provides essential requirements for the design, manufacture, and inspection of precast concrete structures used in underground utility applications. Developed and maintained by ASTM International, this specification ensures the structural integrity, durability, and safety of monolithic and sectional precast concrete utility structures, while excluding concrete pipes, box culverts, and manholes covered by other specific standards.
This standard covers aspects such as materials, production methods, tolerances, structural design, and quality control, offering a comprehensive framework for industry professionals to follow best practices in precast concrete utility structure production.
Key Topics
- Material Requirements: Details the use of specific cementitious materials, aggregates, water, and admixtures that meet ASTM and ACI standards, ensuring high-quality concrete with requisite compressive strength.
- Reinforcement Specifications: Defines rules for steel reinforcement types and placement, including wire, welded fabric, and bar reinforcement according to referenced ASTM standards.
- Design Criteria: Outlines construction and design requirements, such as allowable structural design methods (elastic or strength design per ACI 318), minimum compressive strength, and reinforcement cover.
- Manufacturing Practices: Specifies requirements for form construction, cleaning, oiling, mixture proportions, placement, curing, and handling of fresh concrete for optimal performance.
- Tolerances and Inspection: Establishes precise dimensional tolerances and squareness, permissible variations in reinforcement and slab thickness, and guidelines for inspection and acceptance.
- Special Features: Includes criteria for access openings, duct terminators, knockouts, sumps, self-aligning joints, and lifting devices, ensuring functional and easily installable utility structures.
- Product Marking and Certification: Mandates clear marking of product information and provides requirements for documentation and certification upon request.
Applications
ASTM C858-19 is widely applied in the utility construction sector for projects requiring underground precast concrete structures, such as:
- Electrical Vaults and Duct Banks: Used for housing and protecting underground power cables and terminations.
- Communication Housings: Enclosures for telecommunication cables and related infrastructure.
- Gas and Water Utility Structures: Underground containment and access structures for municipal and industrial piping systems.
- Infrastructure Projects: Applications in transportation, civil engineering, and municipal works, where robust underground protection is necessary.
Following this standard enhances the quality, longevity, and safety of underground precast concrete utility structures, helping owners, engineers, and contractors meet regulatory and project requirements.
Related Standards
When specifying or working with underground precast concrete utility structures, consider these related ASTM and industry standards for comprehensive compliance:
- ASTM C33/C33M: Specification for Concrete Aggregates
- ASTM C39/C39M: Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
- ASTM C94/C94M: Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
- ASTM A615/A615M: Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
- ASTM C478: Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
- ACI 318: Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete
- ASTM C857: Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
Referencing ASTM C858-19 alongside these standards ensures comprehensive coverage of material quality, structural design, manufacturing practices, and compliance in underground utility construction projects. For detailed procedures and updates, always consult the latest approved version of each standard through ASTM International.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C858-19 is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure's dimensions within the tolerances. Forms shall be cleaned before each use. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportions of cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete having the required specified compressive strength. Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position. Structures shall be cured by an accepted industry method that will develop the required 28-day compressive strength without affecting the long-term durability of the concrete. The elastic method of structural design or the strength design method of reinforced concrete design, shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the specified loading conditions. The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings. The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in the design of the structure. Duct terminators, knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. Compressive-strength of the concrete shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Joints in sectional precast concrete structure shall be designed so as to be self-aligning when assembling sections of the structure. Design of lifting devices shall conform to requirements specified. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C858-19 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C858-19 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C858-18, ASTM A1064/A1064M-24, ASTM C31/C31M-24a, ASTM C94/C94M-24a, ASTM C989/C989M-24, ASTM C231/C231M-24, ASTM C94/C94M-24, ASTM C31/C31M-24, ASTM C39/C39M-23, ASTM C857-19, ASTM C94/C94M-19, ASTM C150/C150M-19, ASTM A1064/A1064M-18, ASTM C1802-18a, ASTM C1802-18. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM C858-19 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C858 −19
Standard Specification for
Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design cri-
drical Concrete Specimens
teria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
concrete manholes covered in Specification C478 are excluded
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
from this specification.
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Specimens in the Laboratory
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly Mixed
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Concrete by the Pressure Method
and are not considered standard.
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
for Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Structural Concrete
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- C478 Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Manhole Sections
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete
2. Referenced Documents
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar
C857 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for
Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Concrete and Mortars
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-
C1802 Specification for Design, Testing, Manufacture,
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Selection, and Installation of Fabricated Metal Horizontal
A996/A996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel
Access Hatches for Utility, Water, and Wastewater Struc-
Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
tures
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for 2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
Concrete
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test crete
Specimens in the Field
2.3 American Welding Society Standard:
AWS-D1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on Precast
3. Terminology
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 on
Utility Structures. 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C858 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/C0858-19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.aci-int.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
the ASTM website. Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C858 − 19
3.1.1 utility structure—a structure that is used by electric, 5.5.2 Bar Reinforcement—Bar reinforcement shall conform
gas, communication, or similar industries. to Specifications A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A706/A706M,
or A996/A996M.
4. Ordering Information
6. Manufacture
4.1 Unless otherwise stipulated by the purchaser in his
order, a structure produced in accordance with this specifica-
6.1 Forms—Forms shall be accurately constructed and
tion and constructed in accordance with the design drawings
strong enough to maintain the structure’s dimensions within
approved by the purchaser shall be acceptable.
the tolerances given in Section 8. Forms should be constructed
in such a manner as to minimize the seepage of water. All
5. Materials
casting surfaces shall be smooth nonporous material.
5.1 Cementitious Materials: 6.1.1 Cleaning and Oiling—Forms shall be cleaned before
5.1.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements each use. New forms shall be free of paint or other protective
for Portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be coatings that might cling to the surface of the structure.
Portland blast-furnace slag cement or Portland-pozzolan ce- Releasing agents applied to the form to aid in breaking the
ment conforming to the requirements of Specification C595/ bond between the form and the concrete shall not be injurious
C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP to the concrete.
Portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2 Reinforcement—Steel reinforcement shall conform to
5.1.2 FlyAsh—Flyashshallconformtotherequirementsof
the requirements of this specification and shall be securely
Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
positioned in the form to maintain design concrete cover given
5.1.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)—
in Section 7 during concrete placement. All chairs, bolsters,
GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120
braces, and spacers in contact with form and reinforcing rod
of Specification C989/C989M.
shall be of material that will not deteriorate.
5.1.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Material—
6.3 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded,
The combination of cementitious materials used in concrete
proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with
shall be one of the following:
proportions of cement and water as will produce a homoge-
5.1.4.1 Portland cement only;
neous concrete having the required specified compressive
5.1.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only;
strength. If Ready-Mix concrete is used, it shall be in accor-
5.1.4.3 Slag-modified Portland cement only;
dance with Specification C94/C94M.
5.1.4.4 Portland-pozzolan cement only;
6.3.1 Water-Cementitious Material Ratio—Concrete that
5.1.4.5 A combination of Portland cement and fly ash;
will be exposed to freezing and thawing shall have a water-
5.1.4.6 A combination of Portland cement and ground
cementitious ratio of 0.45 or less.
granulated blast-furnace slag;
6.3.2 Air Entrainment—When there is a risk that the con-
5.1.4.7 A combination of Portland cement, ground granu-
crete may be exposed to a freeze-thaw cycle, the concrete
lated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 %of the total cemen-
mixture shall contain 5.5 6 1.5 % air by volume as determined
titious weight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total
by Specification C231/C231M.
cemenetitious weight).
6.4 Concrete Placement—Concrete shall be deposited as
5.2 Aggregates—Aggregate shall conform to Specification
nearly as practicable in its final position. Concrete shall be
C33/C33M and light-weight
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C858 − 18 C858 − 19
Standard Specification for
Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design criteria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast
concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precast concrete manholes
covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this specification.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A996/A996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
C150C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C231C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C260C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C330C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
C478 Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C857 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
C989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1802 Specification for Design, Testing, Manufacture, Selection, and Installation of Fabricated Metal Horizontal Access
Hatches for Utility, Water, and Wastewater Structures
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 on Utility
Structures.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018May 1, 2019. Published January 2018May 2019. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20102018 as
ɛ1
C858 – 10C858 – 18. . DOI: 10.1520/C0858-18.10.1520/C0858-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.aci-int.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C858 − 19
2.3 American Welding Society Standard:
AWS-D1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 utility structure—a structure that is used by electric, gas, communication, or similar industries.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Unless otherwise stipulated by the purchaser in his order, a structure produced in accordance with this specification and
constructed in accordance with the design drawings approved by the purchaser shall be acceptable.
5. Materials
5.1 Cementitious Materials:
5.1.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for Portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M or shall be
Portland blast-furnace slag cement or Portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595C595/
C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP Portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
5.1.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
5.1.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)—GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of
Specification C989C989/C989M.
5.1.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Material—The combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall be
one of the following:
5.1.4.1 Portland cement only;
5.1.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only;
5.1.4.3 Slag-modified Portland cement only;
5.1.4.4 Portland-pozzolan cement only;
5.1.4.5 A combination of Portland cement and fly ash;
5.1.4.6 A combination of Portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag;
5.1.4.7 A combination of Portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 %of the total cementitious
weight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cemenetitious weight).
5.2 Aggregates—Aggregate shall conform to Specification C33C33/C33M and light-weight aggregate shall conform to
Specification C330C330/C330M, except that the requirements for grading shall not apply.
5.3 Admixtures—Admixtures may be used provided such admixtures are not injurious to other products used in the concrete.
5.3.1 Chemical Admixtures—Chemical admixtures shall conform to Specification C494/C494M.
5.3.2 Fly Ash and Pozzolanic Admixture—Fly ash or other pozzolanic admixtures shall conform to Specification C618.
5.3.3 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Air-entraining admixtures shall conform to Specification C260C260/C260M.
5.4 Water—Water used for curing, washing aggregate, or mixing concrete shall be clean and free of injurious amounts of oil,
acids, alkalis, salts, organic materials, or other substances that may be incompatible with concrete or steel.
5.5 Steel Reinforcement:
5.5.1 Wire and Welded Wire Fabric Reinforcement—Wire and welded wire fabric reinforcement shall conform to Specification
A1064/A1064M.
5.5.2 Bar Reinforcement—Bar reinforcement shall conform to Specifications A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A706/A706M, or
A996/A996M.
6. Manufacture
6.1 Forms—Forms shall be accurately constructed and strong enough to maintain the structure’s dimensions within the
tolerances given in Section 8. Forms should be constructed in such a manner as to minimize the seepage of water. All casting
surfaces shall be smooth nonporous material.
6.1.1 Cleaning and Oiling—Forms shall be cleaned before each use. New forms shall be free of paint or other protective
coatings that might cling to the surface of the structure. Releasing agents applied to the form to aid in breaking the bond between
the form and the concrete shall not be injurious to the concrete.
6.2 Reinforcement—Steel reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of this specification and shall be securely positioned
in the form to maintain design concrete cover given in Section 7 during concrete placement. All chairs, b
...
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