ASTM D7158/D7158M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The wind resistance of sealed asphalt shingles is directly related to the ability of the sealed shingle to resist the force of the wind acting to lift the shingle from the shingle below. This test method employs the measured resistance of the shingle to mechanical uplift after sealing under defined conditions, in a calculation which determines whether this resistance exceeds the calculated force induced by wind passing over the surface of the shingle. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; while these conditions were considered, and safety factors introduced, extreme natural variations are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
6.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under driven and interfere with sealing. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. The classification determined in this test method is based on the mechanical uplift resistance determined when representative samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions before testing.
6.3 The calculations that support the Classes in 4.1 use several standard building environment factors. These include the 3-s wind gust exposure from ASCE 7-10, installation on Category I through IV buildings for all slopes, surface ground roughness B or C, and installation on buildings 60 ft tall or less.
Note 2: The assumptions used in the calculations for the classes in 4.1 cover the requirements for the majority of the asphalt shingle roofs installed. If environmental factors are outside those used in the calculations for these classes, such as surface ground roughness D, building heights greater than 60 ft tall, and other exposures as defined by ASCE 7-10, other calculations are required. Consult the shingle manufacturer for the specific shingle’s DCp, EI, L, L1, and...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and sealed under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on interlocking or product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the uplift force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at a specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle. A shingle is determined to be wind resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift force for that velocity (3-second gust, ASCE 7).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7158/D7158M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift
1
Resistance Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7158/D7158M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope faced With Mineral Granules (Withdrawn 2012)
D228/D228MTest Methods for Sampling, Testing, and
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating
Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and
the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in
Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and sealed
D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on
D3161/D3161MTest Method for Wind-Resistance of Steep
interlocking or product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be
Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the
D3462/D3462MSpecification for Asphalt Shingles Made
uplift force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at a
from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift
D6381/D6381MTest Method for Measurement of Asphalt
resistance of the shingle. A shingle is determined to be wind
Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured
4
2.2 ASCE Standard:
uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift force for that
ASCE7-10MinimumDesignLoadsforBuildingsandOther
velocity (3-second gust, ASCE 7).
Structures
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ASCE 49-12Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings and Other
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Structures
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
2.3 ANSI/UL Standard:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ANSI/UL 2390–04Test Method for Wind ResistantAsphalt
5
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Shingles with Sealed Tabs
with the standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to Terminology D1079.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,is
2. Referenced Documents
defined as factory-applied or field-applied typically asphaltic
2
material designed to seal the shingles to each other under the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
action of time and temperature after the shingles are applied to
D225Specification forAsphalt Shingles (Organic Felt) Sur-
a roof.
3.2.2 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles,isthe
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofing
bondingthatresultsfromtheactivationofthesealantunderthe
andWaterproofingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD08.02onSteep
action of time and temperature.
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
3
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7158/D7158M–11. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D7158_D7158M-16. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7158/D7158M − 16
3.2.3 sealed—the condition of the shingles after they are of the shingle. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to
subjected to the conditioning procedure described in 10.3. intensity,duration,andturbulence;whiletheseconditionswere
considered, and safety factors introduced, extreme natural
4. Types and Classes of Shingles
variationsarebeyondthemeansofthistestmethodtosimulate.
4.1 Shingles are classified based on their resistance to wind
6.2 Many fact
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7158/D7158M − 11 D7158/D7158M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift
1
Resistance Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7158/D7158M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions, and sealed under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on interlocking or product
rigidity to resist the wind cannot be evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the uplift force exerted on the shingle
by the action of wind at a specified velocity, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle. A shingle is
determined to be wind resistant at a specified basic wind speed when the measured uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift
force for that velocity (3-second gust, ASCE 7).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles (Organic Felt) Surfaced With Mineral Granules (Withdrawn 2012)
D228D228/D228M Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used
in Roofing and Waterproofing
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D3161D3161/D3161M Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced
Method)
D3462D3462/D3462M Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
D6381D6381/D6381M Test Method for Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
4
2.2 ASCE Standard:
ASCE 7–027-10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
ASCE 49-12 Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings and Other Structures
2.3 ANSI/UL Standard:
5
ANSI/UL 2390–04 Test Method for Wind Resistant Asphalt Shingles with Sealed Tabs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011May 1, 2016. Published January 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 as
D7158 – 08d.D7158/D7158M – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D7158_D7158M-11.10.1520/D7158_D7158M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7158/D7158M − 16
3.2.1 sealant—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is defined as factory-applied or field-applied typically asphaltic material
designed to seal the shingles to each other under the action of time and temperature after the shingles are applied to a roof.
3.2.2 seal—as it relates to steep roofing shingles, is the bonding that results from the activation of the sealant under the action
of time and temperature.
3.2.3
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.