Name: ASTM D3499-94(2000) - Standard Test Method for Toughness of Wood-Based Structural Panels
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Abstract

Standard Test Method for Toughness of Wood-Based Structural Panels

SCOPE
1.1 This test method for toughness of wood-based structural panels covers the determination of energy necessary to cause failure by impact loading of a beam specimen which is simply supported and loaded at midspan. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status

Historical

Publication Date

31-Dec-1999

ICS

79.060.10 - Plywood

Technical Committee

D07 - Wood

Drafting Committee

D07.03 - Panel Products

Current Stage

Ref Project

Relations

Replaces

ASTM D3499-94 - Standard Test Method for Toughness of Wood-Based Structural Panels

Effective Date

01-Jan-2000

Replaced By

ASTM D3499-94(2005) - Standard Test Method for Toughness of Wood-Based Structural Panels

Effective Date

01-Oct-2005

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ASTM D3499-94(2000) - Standard Test Method for Toughness of Wood-Based Structural Panels

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ASTM D3499-94(2000) - Standard...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3499–94 (Reapproved2000)
Standard Test Method for
1
Toughness of Wood-Based Structural Panels
This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation D 3499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope may be applied to a test specimen. The pendulum shall consist
of a bar to which is fastened a weight adjustable to different
1.1 This test method for toughness of wood-based structural
positions and shall carry at its upper end a drum or pulley
panels covers the determination of energy necessary to cause
whose center provides the axis of rotation. The force shall be
failure by impact loading of a beam specimen which is simply
applied to the specimen by means of a ﬂexible steel cable
supported and loaded at midspan. Wood-based structural pan-
passing over the drum.Astationary graduated scale or dial and
els in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board,
a vernier operated by the moving drum shall be provided for
and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
reading the angles through which the pendulum swings. The
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machine shall be adjusted before test so that the pendulum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
hangs truly vertical and adjusted to correct for friction. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
cable shall be adjusted so that the load is applied to the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimen when the pendulum swings to within approximately
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
15°oftheverticalsoastoproducecompletefailurebythetime
2. Referenced Documents the downward swing is completed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—Theset-upshowninFig.1hasbeenfoundtogivesatisfactory
D 143 Method of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Tim-
results.
2
ber
5. Test Specimen
D 2395 Test Methods for Speciﬁc Gravity of Wood and
2
Wood-Base Materials 5.1 The toughness test specimen to be used in conjunction
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure- with the Forest Products Laboratory toughness testing machine
2
5 5
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials shall be ⁄8 in. (16 mm) in width for material less than ⁄8 in. (16
mm) in thickness, and the thickness of the specimen shall be
3. Signiﬁcance and Use
5
equal to that of the material. For material more than ⁄8 in. (16
3.1 The failure of wood-based materials with impact loads mm) in thickness, the width shall be equal to the thickness of
is sometimes an important criteria in design considerations. In
the material, thus making the specimen square in cross section.
addition, some effects on the mechanical properties of wood, The length shall be determined from the thickness of the
such as decay, are best evaluated by measuring its toughness.
material in accordance with Table 1. The actual cross-sectional
This test method serves to evaluate the toughness of structural dimensions, and the specimen and span length shall be mea-
panel products while Methods D 143 can be used to measure
sured to an accuracy of not less than 60.3 % or 0.001 in. (0.02
the toughness of solid clear wood specimens. mm) whichever is larger.
4. Apparatus
6. Control of Moisture
4.1 The toughness testing machine (Note 1) shall consist of 6.1 Panel specimens to be tested at speciﬁc moisture con-
a frame supporting a pendulum, being so arranged that a
tents or after reaching equilibrium moisture content at speciﬁc
measured amount of the energy from the fall of the pendulum temperature and relative humidity conditions shall be condi-
tioned to approximate constant weight in controlled atmo-
spheric conditions. For approximating moisture conditions of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood
panels used under dry conditions, a relative humidity of 65 6
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
2 % at a temperature of 68 6 6°F (20 6 3°C) is recommended.
Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originally
published as D 3499 – 76. Last previous edition D 3499 – 76 (1986).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3499–94 (2000)
FIG. 1 Toughness Test of Structural Panel Showing Load Applied to Specimen When Pendulum is Approximately 15° from the Vertical
TABLE 1 Length of To
...

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4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
Note 1: This test method is primarily designed for material in which the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used, however, for plywood specimens in which the grain is at 45° to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of elasticity × moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of wood structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of wood structural panels.
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1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, panel grade characteristics, and other variables influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized grade characteristics found in panels. The test specimens have a constant cross section since the size and location of grade characteristics control the location of failures and the effect of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of wood structural panels,
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Standard Test Methods for Wood Structural Panels in Shear Through-the-Thickness

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The strength and modulus of rigidity of wood structural panels in shear through-the-thickness obtained by these test methods are required for the rigorous design of many lumber-panel structural components such as trusses with panel gussets, box beams, folded plate roofs, and space plane structures, as well as floor and roof diaphragms, and shear walls. These properties are of secondary importance in typical roof deck and sheathing applications, and in crates and shipping containers.
3.2 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Average depth of knife checks has been found to strongly influence shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in veneer incorporated in composite panels. Measurement of depth of knife checks is recommended in these test methods.
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B. Large Panel Shear Test
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C. Two-Rail Shear Test
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The choice of test method will be determined in part by the purpose of the tests, characteristics of test material, and equipment availability. In general, Test Method B or C for large specimens is preferred when equipment, amount of test material, and experimental plan permit.
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3.1 The failure of wood-based materials with impact loads is sometimes an important criteria in design considerations. In addition, some effects on the mechanical properties of wood, such as decay, are best evaluated by measuring its toughness. This test method serves to evaluate the toughness of structural panel products while Methods D143 can be used to measure the toughness of solid clear wood specimens.
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes parallel to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests measure the planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in the plane of the panel.
1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.3 Two test methods are included:
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1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.
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1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.
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3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.
3.2 Method A—This method is applicable to structural panels of uniform properties within a panel. It is useful for evaluating plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers, and determining the effect of chemical or preservative treatments, construction, principal direction with respect to direction of stress, and other variables that are expected to uniformly influence the panel.
3.3 Method B:
3.3.1 The compressive properties obtained by this method are a reliable approximation of the strength of a full-size panel, and are intended for use in design.
3.3.2 The compressive properties are influenced by buckling; however, this effect can be eliminated in this test by restraining the edges of the specimens.
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made, that the same method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the compressive strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the compression properties of wood-based structural panels. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.2 Method A, Compression Test for Small Specimens—This method is applicable to small specimens that are uniform with respect to elastic and strength properties. Two types of compression tests are employed: one to evaluate both elastic and compressive strength properties, and the second to evaluate maximum compressive strength only.
1.3 Method B, Compression Test for Large Specimens—This method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that influence compression properties of structural panels.
1.3.1 This method is intended for the following:
1.3.1.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on strength properties of structural panels,
1.3.1.3 Determining the strength properties of structural panels, and
1.3.1.4 Evaluating the effects of raw material and manufacturing variables on compression properties of structural panels.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.