iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D7295-11

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources

Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Hydrogen cyanide is highly toxic. In relatively low quantities, hydrogen cyanide can cause asphyxia and death.
The National Fire Protection Association has assigned a flammability rating of 4 (severe fire hazard) to hydrogen cyanide.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used to determine the concentration of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from any combustion device or atmosphere where cyanide may be present. While primarily designed for the measurement of gas phase HCN, the sample collection described in this practice also includes cyanide ion (CN-) absorbed particles that may be present in the sampling atmosphere.
1.1.1 Samples can be collected from a closed chamber such as the NBS smoke box described in Test Method E662 provided it is equipped with sampling ports.
1.1.2 Open chambers such as industrial work areas or large scale fires can be monitored for HCN with this practice.
1.1.3 The HCN emissions of a flow through system can be determined by sampling from its discharge stack. Examples of such systems include large scale manufacturing applications and the cone calorimeter described in Test Method E1354.
1.2 This practice can be used to monitor HCN levels in lab scale fire smoke effluents in order to estimate toxicity of gases produced from burning materials. See Guide E800.
1.3 The concentration range of hydrogen cyanide will be dependent on the volume of gas sampled, the volume of sodium hydroxide solution placed in the impinger during sampling, and the analytical method used to measure cyanide. For example, the lower limit of detection would be 0.002-mg/m3 when 0.1-m3 of combustion effluent is collected into 100-mL sodium hydroxide solution based on a detection limit of 0.002 mg/L cyanide in the impinger solution when using the flow injection analysis (FIA) system described in Test Method D6888.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2011
ICS
13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7295-06 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D7295-18 - Standard Practice for Sampling Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources for the Subsequent Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide
Effective Date
01-May-2018
Referred By
ASTM E800-20 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
Effective Date
01-Mar-2011

Buy Standard

ASTM D7295-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary SourcesASTM D7295-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D7295-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM D7295-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary SourcesREDLINE ASTM D7295-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM D7295-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
English language
5 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7295 − 11
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in
1
Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7295; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice is used to determine the concentration of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from any combustion device D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
or atmosphere where cyanide may be present. While primarily D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
designed for the measurement of gas phase HCN, the sample Atmospheres
collection described in this practice also includes cyanide ion D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
-
(CN ) absorbed particles that may be present in the sampling D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
atmosphere. Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
1.1.1 Samples can be collected from a closed chamber such D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot
as the NBS smoke box described in Test Method E662 Tube Method)
provided it is equipped with sampling ports. D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and
1.1.2 Open chambers such as industrial work areas or large Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
scale fires can be monitored for HCN with this practice. D3685/D3685M Test Methods for Sampling and Determina-
1.1.3 The HCN emissions of a flow through system can be tion of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases
determined by sampling from its discharge stack. Examples of D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
such systems include large scale manufacturing applications Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
and the cone calorimeter described in Test Method E1354. D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
pling Pumps
1.2 This practice can be used to monitor HCN levels in lab
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
scale fire smoke effluents in order to estimate toxicity of gases
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanide with Ligand
produced from burning materials. See Guide E800.
Displacement and Flow InjectionAnalysis (FIA) Utilizing
1.3 The concentration range of hydrogen cyanide will be
Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
dependent on the volume of gas sampled, the volume of
D7365 Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating
sodium hydroxide solution placed in the impinger during
Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide
sampling, and the analytical method used to measure cyanide.
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
For example, the lower limit of detection would be 0.002-
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
3 3
mg/m when 0.1-m of combustion effluent is collected into
peratures)
100-mL sodium hydroxide solution based on a detection limit
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
of 0.002 mg/Lcyanide in the impinger solution when using the
Generated by Solid Materials
flow injection analysis (FIA) system described in Test Method
E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated
D6888.
During Fires
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sumption Calorimeter
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Refer to Terminology D1356 for terminology related to
sampling and analysis of atmospheres.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
2
and Source Emissions. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7295 – 06. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7295-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7295 − 11
3.2 For definitions of terms related to cyanide testing, refer impingers in series. Without prior kn
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7295–06 Designation:D7295–11
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) in
1
Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7295; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is used to determine the concentration of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from any combustion device or
atmospherewherecyanidemaybepresent.WhileprimarilydesignedforthemeasurementofgasphaseHCN,thesamplecollection
-
described in this practice also includes cyanide ion (CN ) absorbed particles that may be present in the sampling atmosphere.
1.1.1 Samples can be collected from a closed chamber such as the NBS smoke box described in Test Method E662 provided
it is equipped with sampling ports.
1.1.2 Open chambers such as industrial work areas or large scale fires can be monitored for HCN with this practice.
1.1.3 The HCN emissions of a flow through system can be determined by sampling from its discharge stack. Examples of such
systems include large scale manufacturing applications and the cone calorimeter described in Test Method E1354.
1.2 This practice can be used to monitor HCN levels in lab scale fire smoke effluents in order to estimate toxicity of gases
produced from burning materials. See Guide E800.
1.3 The concentration range of hydrogen cyanide will be dependent on the volume of gas sampled, the volume of sodium
hydroxide solution placed in the impinger during sampling, and the analytical method used to measure cyanide. For example, the
3 3
lower limit of detection would be 0.002-mg/m when 0.1-m of combustion effluent is collected into 100-mL sodium hydroxide
solution based on a detection limit of 0.002 mg/L cyanide in the impinger solution when using the flow injection analysis (FIA)
system described in Test Method D6888.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D2036 Test Methods for Cyanides in Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method)
D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
D3685/D3685M Test Methods for Sampling and Determination of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal Sampling Pumps
D6696 Guide for Understanding Cyanide Species
D6888 Test Method for Available Cyanide with Ligand Displacement and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Utilizing Gas
Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
D7365 Practice for Sampling, Preservation and Mitigating Interferences in Water Samples for Analysis of Cyanide
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and
Source Emissions.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. DOI: 10.1520/D7295-06.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7295 - 06. DOI:
10.1520/D7295-11.
2
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, Am. Chemical Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the
American chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM Internatio
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D5438-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Collection of Floor Dust for Chemical Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice may be used to collect dust from carpeted or bare floor surfaces for gravimetric or chemical analysis. The collected sample is substantially unmodified by the sampling procedure.  
5.2 This practice provides for a reproducible dust removal rate from level loop and plush carpets, as well as bare floors. It has the ability to achieve relatively constant removal efficiency at different loadings of floor dust.  
5.3 This practice also provides for the efficient capture of semivolatile organic chemicals associated with the dust. The test system can be fitted with special canisters downstream of the cyclone for the capture of specific semivolatile organic chemicals that may volatilize from the dust particles during collection.  
5.4 This practice does not describe procedures for evaluation of the safety of floor surfaces or the potential human exposure to floor dust. It is the user's responsibility to evaluate the data collected by this practice and make such determinations in the light of other available information.  
5.5 This practice provides per-event dust chemical concentration and chemical loading. Advantages and trade-offs of different sampling approaches have been discussed (7).  
5.6 This practice uses a removable, cleanable dropout jar that facilitates per-event sampling. Other per-event vacuum attachments are commercially available. These are not directly comparable with composite sampling done using whole vacuum cleaner bags.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the collection of a sample of dust from carpets and bare floors that can be analyzed for inorganic metals such as lead and organic compounds such as pesticides and other semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).  
1.2 This practice is applicable to a variety of carpeted and bare floor surfaces. It has been tested for level loop and plush pile carpets and bare wood floors, specifically. This practice is not applicable to elevated, non-floor surfaces.  
1.3 This practice is not intended for the collection and evaluation of dust for the presence of asbestos fibers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This practice describes use of a sampling device, the High-Volume Small Surface Sampler (HVS3). Other event-based sampling devices that use commercially available vacuum attachments are not in scope. Composite sampling using whole vacuum cleaner bags is not in scope. Other approaches for floor or non-floor surface sampling (Practices D6966, D6661, D7144) are not within the scope.  
1.6 This practice only applies to the HVS3. Other dust sampling methods may or may not be directly comparable. Method evaluation for other dust sampling approaches is encouraged. This could be done by comparison with methods outlined in this standard practice for HVS3 or through independent evaluation using field spikes and certified reference materials.  
1.7 This practice provides information on dust loading, chemical dust concentration, and chemical dust loading. Information on the type of floor, the floor surface area sampled, and amount of dust collected is required (see Fig. 2). Cleaning the vacuum attachments in between sampling events is also required (see Section 13).  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1605-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to help users understand and apply the large number of specialized terms used in connection with the management of lead hazards by providing a single, comprehensive, and consistent terminology.  
3.1.1 This terminology standard includes some terms that may be encountered, but whose use is discouraged. They are included for clarification and in order to provide the user with preferred existing alternate terms.  
3.1.2 Architectural terms for individual building components are included to promote consistency of usage and to help ensure that sampling locations are recorded with sufficient accuracy to allow independent confirmation of lead measurements, if necessary.  
3.2 A discussion is attached to certain definitions to help make the definition clear or to show how the term and its definition are related to other terms.  
3.3 Terms and definitions in this terminology standard are based upon laws, regulations, and practices in the United States of America.  
3.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted verbatim or are adapted from definitions that are formally stated or implied in laws and regulations. They are not intended to replace the latter definitions. The user is responsible for understanding legal definitions and for ensuring that the legal obligations that are encompassed by them are fully satisfied.  
3.3.2 Users in other countries should refer to applicable national, regional, and local laws, regulations, and practices.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions for the following:  
1.1.1 Terms that are commonly used in the field of management of lead hazards in facilities;  
1.1.2 Architectural terms, particularly those associated with older wood-frame buildings; and,  
1.1.3 Specialized terms that may be encountered by users in reports and notices that are generated during lead hazard management activities.  
1.2 This terminology standard is supplementary to Terminology E631.  
1.3 Definitions adopted or derived from other documents include the following:  
1.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted as exact copies from other sources. The source is briefly identified at the right margin following the definition and fully identified in Section 2.  
1.3.2 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adapted from other sources. Changes in these definitions were made only to clarify the meaning, to incorporate related terms that also are defined in this terminology standard, or to ensure that the revised definition is consistent with those for related terms. The source is briefly identified with the words “adapted” at the right margin following the definition, and is fully identified in Section 2.  
1.4 Terms within the definitions that are shown in boldface are defined in this terminology standard.  
1.5 This terminology standard excludes the following:  
1.5.1 Terms with a common dictionary meaning, except in cases where there is a specialized definition within the field of lead hazard management.  
1.5.2 Terms that are used only in individual ASTM standards in which they are defined adequately, whether formally or by the context in which they appear.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6830-02(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Characterizing the Pressure Drop and Filtration Performance of Cleanable Filter Media

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the comparative performance of filter media. The results can be used for design, manufacturing, construction and selection of filter media.  
5.2 Results obtained by this test method should not be used to predict absolute performance on full scale fabric filter (baghouse) facilities, however these results will be useful in selection of proper filter media and identification of recommended operating parameters for these full scale fabric filter facilities.  
5.3 Dust types vary greatly; therefore, the results obtained using the standard dust should not be extrapolated to other dust types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method characterizes the operational performance of cleanable filter media under specified laboratory conditions.  
1.2 This test method determines the airflow resistance, drag, cleaning requirements, and particulate filtration performance of pulse cleaned filter media.  
1.3 This test method determines the comparative performance of cleanable filter media.  
1.4 The results obtained from this test method are useful in the design, construction, and selection of filter media.  
1.5 The results obtained by this test method should not be used to predict absolute performance of full scale fabric filter (baghouse) facilities, however these results will be useful in selection of proper filter media and identification of recommended operating parameters for these full scale fabric filter facilities.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1583-21a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Laboratories Engaged in Determination of Lead in Paint, Dust, Airborne Particulates, and Soil Taken From and Around Buildings and Related Structures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides the basic criteria to be used by accreditation bodies and others in evaluating the qualifications of laboratories engaged in the testing of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures. The criteria in this practice shall be supplemented by additional specific criteria and requirements, when appropriate; for example, when necessary to be in accordance with federal, state, or local government regulations.  
4.2 The accreditation is for organizations and not individuals.  
4.3 The practice is intended to provide objective information on the capabilities needed by laboratories to determine lead in paint, dust, airborne particulates, and soil taken from and around buildings and related structures. It is not intended to be used to compare one laboratory with another.  
4.4 This practice is also intended for use by laboratories in the development and implementation of their management systems and for use to request or perform an evaluation of in-house facilities in accordance with this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the qualifications, including minimum requirements for personnel and equipment, duties, responsibilities, and services of laboratories engaged in the determination of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or any combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures.  
1.2 This practice has been developed consistent with Guides E548 and E994, to supplement ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3685/D3685M-13(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Determination of Particulate Matter in Stack Gases

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collected residue emission rates is an important test widely used in the practice of air pollution control. Particulate matter measurements after control devices are necessary to determine total emission rates to the atmosphere.  
5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal and state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes.  
5.1.2 The measurements made before and after control devices are often necessary as a means of demonstrating conformance with contractual performance specifications.  
5.2 The collected residue obtained with these test methods is also important in characterizing stack emissions. However, the utility of these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of the collected residue is performed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures to determine the mass emission rates of particulate matter and collected residue in gaseous streams by in-stack test methods (Test Method A) or out-of-stack test methods (Test Method B).  
1.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring particulate matter and collected residue concentrations.  
1.3 These test methods include a description of equipment and procedures to be used for obtaining samples from effluent ducts and stacks, a description of equipment and procedures for laboratory analysis, and a description of procedures for calculating results.  
1.4 These test methods are applicable for sampling particulate matter and collected residue in wet (Test Method A or B) or dry (Test Method A) streams before and after particulate matter control equipment, and for determination of control device particulate matter collection efficiency.  
1.5 These test methods are also applicable for determining compliance with regulations and statutes limiting particulate matter existing in stack gases when approved by federal or state agencies.  
1.6 The particulate matter and collected residue samples collected by these test methods may be used for subsequent size and chemical analysis.  
1.7 These test methods describe the instrumentation, equipment, and operational procedures, including site selection, necessary for sampling and determination of particulate mass emissions. These test methods also include procedures for collection and gravimetric determination of residues collected in an impinger-condenser train. The sampling and analysis of particulate matter may be performed independently or simultaneously with the determination of collected residue.  
1.8 These test methods provide for the use of optional filter designs and filter material as necessary to accommodate the wide range of particulate matter loadings to which the test methods are applicable.  
1.9 Stack temperatures limitation for Test Method A is approximately 400°C (752°F) and for Test Method B is 815°C (1500°F).  
1.10 A known limitation of these test methods concerns the use of collected residue data. Since some collected residues can be formed in the sample train by chemical reaction in addition to condensation, these data should not be used without prior characterization (see 4.4.1).  
1.10.1 A second limitation concerns the use of the test methods for sampling gas streams containing fluoride, or ammonia or calcium compounds in the presence of sulfur dioxide and other reactive species having the potential to react within the sample train.  
1.10.2 A suspected but unverified limitation of these test methods concerns the possible vaporization and loss of collected particulate organic matter during a sampling run.  
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard within the text. The inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in ...

  • Standard
    18 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5835-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Stationary Source Emissions for the Automated Determination of Gas Concentrations

ABSTRACT
This practice presents the procedures and equipment that will permit, within certain limits, representative sampling of stationary source emissions for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams. This application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Although velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases, this is, however, not included in this practice. This practice describes representative sampling of gases in a duct, both by extractive and non-extractive methods. In extractive sampling, gases are conditioned to remove aerosols, particulate matter, and other interfering substances before being conveyed to the instruments. In non-extractive sampling, the measurements are made in-situ; therefore, no sample conditioning except filtering is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers procedures and equipment that will permit representative sampling for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams with limitations as described below. The application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx).  
1.2 Velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases. This is not included in this practice.  
1.3 There are some combustion processes and conditions that may limit the applicability of this practice. Where such conditions exist, caution and competent technical judgment are required, especially when dealing with any of the following:  
1.3.1 Corrosive or highly reactive components,  
1.3.2 High vacuum, high pressure, or high temperature gas streams,  
1.3.3 Wet flue gases,  
1.3.4 Fluctuations in velocity, temperature, or concentration due to uncontrollable variation in the process,  
1.3.5 Gas stratification due to the non-mixing of gas streams,  
1.3.6 Measurements made using environmental control devices, and  
1.3.7 Low levels of gas concentrations.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For more specific safety precautions, refer to 5.1.4.8, 5.2.1.6, and 6.2.2.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7392-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for PM Detector and Bag Leak Detector Manufacturers to Certify Conformance with Design and Performance Specifications for Cement Plants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 EPA regulations require Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste to use BLDs or PMDs to provide either a relative or an absolute indication of PM concentration and to alert the plant operator of the need to inspect PM control equipment or initiate corrective action. EPA and others have not established for these applications specific design and performance specifications for these instruments. The design and performance specifications and test procedures contained in this practice will help ensure that measurement systems are capable of providing reliable monitoring data.  
5.2 This practice identifies relevant information and operational characteristics of BLD and PMD monitoring devices for Portland cement kiln systems. This practice will assist equipment suppliers and users in the evaluation and selection of appropriate monitoring equipment.  
5.3 This practice requires that tests be conducted to verify manufacturer’s published specifications for detection limit, linearity, thermal stability, insensitivity to supply voltage variations and other factors so that purchasers can rely on the manufacturer’s published specifications. Purchasers are also assured that the specific instrument has been tested at the point of manufacture and shown to meet selected design and performance specifications prior to shipment.  
5.4 This practice requires that the manufacturer develop and provide to the user written procedures for installation start-up, operation, maintenance, and quality assurance of the equipment. This practice requires that these same procedures are used for a field performance demonstration of the BLD or PMD monitoring equipment at a Portland cement plant.  
5.5 The applicable test procedures and specifications of this practice are selected to address the equipment and activities that are within the control of the manufacturer.  
5.6 This practice also may serve as the basis for third party independent audits of the certification procedures used ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for certifying particulate matter detectors (PMDs) and bag leak detectors (BLDs) that are used to monitor particulate matter (PM) emissions from kiln systems at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste. It includes design specifications, performance specifications, test procedures, and information requirements to ensure that these continuous monitors meet minimum requirements, necessary in part, to monitor reliably PM concentrations to indicate the need for inspection or corrective action of the types of air pollution control devices that are used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.  
1.2 This practice applies specifically to the original manufacturer, or to those involved in the repair, remanufacture, or resale of PMDs or BLDs.  
1.3 This practice applies to (a) wet or dry process cement kilns equipped with electrostatic precipitators, and (b) dry process kilns, including pre-heater pre-calciner kiln systems, equipped with fabric filter controls. Some types of monitoring instruments are suitable for only certain types of applications.
Note 1: This practice has been developed based on careful consideration of the nature and variability of PM concentrations, effluent conditions, and the type, configuration, and operating characteristics of air pollution control devices used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.  
1.4 This practice applies to Portland cement kiln systems subject to PM emission standards contained in 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE.
Note 2: The level of the PM emission limit is relevant to the design and selection of appropriate PMD and BLD instrumentation. The current promulgated PM emission standards (70 FR 59402, Oct. 12, 2005) are: (a) 65 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.028 gr/dscf at 7 % O2) or approximately 30 mg/acm (0.013 gr/acf) for “existing sources” and (b) 5.3 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.0023 gr/dscf at 7 % O2) or approximately 2.5 mg/ac...

  • Standard
    21 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    21 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7886-14(2019)e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Asbestos Exposure Assessments for Repetitive Maintenance and Installation Tasks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Work practices, engineering controls, personal protective equipment and other precautions to minimize exposure to airborne asbestos fibers have been extensively documented in regulations, training manuals and other publications. The work described in these publications ranges from large-scale abatement projects to minor disturbances and clean-up. Practices E1368 and E2394 address these issues within the context of their subject matter.  
4.2 This practice applies to specific types of asbestos work where the same task is performed by various persons without substantial deviation from a documented procedure and with material containing the same type and similar content of asbestos fiber. The exposure from such operations can be expected to remain fairly consistent as long as these parameters do not vary substantially and the workers have received the required training to perform the task.  
4.3 Because of the variability in field conditions under which large-scale work such as asbestos abatement is performed, the opportunity to collect sufficient personal air samples under conditions similar enough to establish statistical confidence can be questioned. For this reason, this practice does not address the collection of such samples and their use for determining exposure data to apply on other projects. Users with such requirements are referred to the applicable regulations for guidance.  
4.4 There are many tasks, however, that are of short duration and amenable to testing under controlled conditions for assessing worker exposure. These tasks are performed by equipment installers and other tradesmen in the course of their ordinary duties in what this practice refers to as the current job. The following list of potential tasks where ACMs can be disturbed is by no means inclusive and the feasibility of conducting an Exposure Assessment is the responsibility of the user:  
4.4.1 Drilling holes through asbestos floor tile and sheet vinyl flooring,  
4.4.2 Removing ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes procedures for assessing the exposure of workers to airborne fibers who perform repetitive tasks of short duration where small quantities of asbestos-containing materials must be disturbed in order to perform maintenance and installation activities.  
1.2 This practice describes the facilities and equipment for performing the tasks under controlled conditions for the express purpose of collecting personal air samples to determine worker exposure. The tasks are performed on actual asbestos-containing materials during Exposure Assessment tests and precautions are taken for personal protection and avoiding contamination of adjacent spaces.  
1.3 This practice describes the air sample collection procedures, the analytical methods for the air samples, and the calculation of worker exposure including the use of statistical confidence limits. This practice differentiates between the test to obtain exposure data and the current job to which the data are applied, and describes the duties of the individuals who conduct these separate activities.  
1.4 The results are applied to the current job as defined herein for determining worker protection such as respiratory protection or for other purposes as determined by the competent person responsible for the current job. The results of the tests shall not be applied to current jobs that are expected to differ substantially from the test conditions in work practices, material properties or other factors that might affect the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers.  
1.5 This practice is not intended to be used for asbestos abatement work for which the objective is the removal of asbestos-containing materials. It is designed to assess exposures for short-term repetitive tasks. Compliance with regulatory requirements as to the purpose of the work and limits on the quantity of asbestos-containing materials disturbed is the responsibility of the user.  
...

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7296-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Dry Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of Beryllium and Compounds

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples for the subsequent measurement of beryllium and compounds. The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes.  
5.2 This practice is intended solely for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporous surfaces that may be compromised by water or other wetting agents and that are therefore not suitable for wet wipe sampling using Practice D6966 or micro-vacuum sampling using Practice D7144. Use of this practice for any purpose other than the intended purpose is discouraged due to the limited collection efficiency and high variability of dry wipe sampling as compared to wetted wipe or micro-vacuum sampling.3  
5.3 This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting. Micro-vacuum sampling using Practice D7144 may be more suitable for these surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust containing beryllium and beryllium compounds on surfaces using the dry wipe sampling method, or both. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction and determination of beryllium and compounds in the wipes using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry or fluorescence detection.  
1.2 This practice is limited in its scope to applications where wetted wipe sampling (using Practice D6966) or vacuum sampling (using Practice D7144) is not physically feasible (for example, if the surface to be wiped would be compromised by use of wetted wipes).  
1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location of samples) that are used for clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. Additional guidance is provided in Guide D7659.  
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7295-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources for the Subsequent Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen cyanide is highly toxic. In relatively low quantities, hydrogen cyanide can cause asphyxia and death.  
5.2 The National Fire Protection Association has assigned a flammability rating of 4 (severe fire hazard) to hydrogen cyanide.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is used to collect samples for the determination of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from any combustion device or atmosphere where cyanide may be present. While primarily designed for the measurement of gas phase HCN, the sample collection described in this practice also includes cyanide ion (CN-) absorbed particles that may be present in the sampling atmosphere.  
1.1.1 Samples can be collected from a closed chamber such as the NBS smoke box described in Test Method E662 provided it is equipped with sampling ports.  
1.1.2 Open chambers such as industrial work areas or large scale fires can be monitored for HCN with this practice.  
1.1.3 The HCN emissions of a flow through system can be determined by sampling from its discharge stack. Examples of such systems include large scale manufacturing applications and the cone calorimeter described in Test Method E1354.  
1.2 This practice can be used to monitor HCN levels in lab scale fire smoke effluents in order to estimate toxicity of gases produced from burning materials. See Guide E800.  
1.3 The concentration range of hydrogen cyanide will be dependent on the volume of gas sampled, the volume of sodium hydroxide solution placed in the impinger during sampling, and the analytical method used to measure cyanide. For example, the lower limit of detection would be 0.002-mg/m3 when 0.1-m3 of combustion effluent is collected into 100-mL sodium hydroxide solution based on a detection limit of 0.002 mg/L cyanide in the impinger solution when using the flow injection analysis (FIA) system described in Test Method D6888.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off