ASTM D7097-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Moderately High Temperature Piston Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test-TEOST MHT
Standard Test Method for Determination of Moderately High Temperature Piston Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test-TEOST MHT
SCOPE
D
1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the mass of deposit formed on a specially constructed test rod exposed to repetitive passage of 8.5 g of engine oil over the rod in a thin film under oxidative and catalytic conditions at 285°C. The range of applicability of the Moderately High Temperature Thermo-Oxidation Engine Test (TEOST MHT) test method as derived from an interlaboratory study is approximately 10 to 100 mg. However, experience indicates that deposit values from 1 to 150 mg or greater may be obtained.
1.2 This test method uses a patented instrument, method and patented, numbered, and registered depositor rods traceable to the manufacturer and made specifically for the practice and precision of the test method.Note 1
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Although not an SI unit, the special name, litre (L) is allowed by SI for the cubic decimetre (dm3) and the millilitre (mL) for the SI cubic centimetre (cm3).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D7097–05
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Moderately High Temperature Piston
Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test—
TEOST MHT
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
mass of deposit formed on a specially constructed test rod D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
exposedtorepetitivepassageof8.5gofengineoilovertherod D 6335 Test Method for Determination of High Tempera-
inathinfilmunderoxidativeandcatalyticconditionsat285°C. ture Deposits byThermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation
The range of applicability of the Moderately HighTemperature Test
Thermo-Oxidation EngineTest (TEOSTMHT ) test method as
3. Terminology
derived from an interlaboratory study is approximately 10 to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
100 mg. However, experience indicates that deposit values
from 1 to 150 mg or greater may be obtained. 3.1.1 bubble airflow gage, n—a precision bore glass tube
marked in tenths of a millilitre used to measure accurately the
1.2 Thistestmethodusesapatentedinstrument,methodand
patented, numbered, and registered depositor rods traceable to flow rate of air around and past the depositor rod and to
calibrate mass air flow controllers recommended for use in the
the manufacturer and made specifically for the practice and
precision of the test method. procedure.
3.1.2 depositor rod deposits, n—particulate matter formed
NOTE 1—ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
on the depositor rod surface by oxidation of the thin film of
ofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthis
passingoilexposedtotherodtemperatureandair,andweighed
standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
after appropriate washing and drying to obtain the net mass
of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of
such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. gain.
3.1.3 filter deposits, n—particulates washed from the de-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
positor rod after the test and collected on a special multi-layer
standard.Although not an SI unit, the special name, litre (L) is
filter cartridge.
allowed by SI for the cubic decimetre (dm ) and the millilitre
3.1.4 MHT , n—an acronym for moderately high tempera-
(mL) for the SI cubic centimetre (cm ).
ture.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The TEOST MHT procedure evaluates
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
deposit formation at temperatures that are closely related to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
those of the piston ring zone in reciprocating engines (as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
distinguished from the much higher temperatures associated
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with the TEOST 33C, Test Method D 6335, procedure for
determining potential deposits in turbochargers).
3.1.5 TEOST , n—an acronym for Thermo-Oxidation En-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
gine Oil Simulation Test.
D02.09.0G on Oxidation Testing of Engine Oils.
3.1.6 total rod deposits, n—the mass of deposits collected
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005.
2 on the depositor rod deposits plus any mass of deposits washed
TEOST and MHT are registered trademarks of the Tannas Co. (Reg. 2001396).
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time from the depositor rod and later extracted on a filter.
is Tannas Company, 4800 James Savage Rd., Midland, MI 48642. If you are aware
3.1.7 volatilized oil, n—oil vapor coalesced on the mantle
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
wall, and subsequently collected in a vial.
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The TEOST instrument, method and rod are patented. Interested parties are
invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
patented technology to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
attend. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7097–05
4. Summary of Test Method oil to pass into the sample flask and subsequently to the
re-circulating pump inlet tubing. (See Fig. 6.)
4.1 Deposit-forming tendencies of an engine oil under
6.1.1.5 End-cap Nuts, Four, used for compressing small
oxidative conditions are determined by circulating an oil-
O-rings around depositor rod and for positioning and sealing
catalyst mixture comprising a small sample (8.4 g) of the oil
the oil feed tube and sealing the air inlet tubing.
and a very small (0.1 g) amount of an organo-metallic catalyst.
This sample mixture is then circulated for exactly 24 h in the 6.1.1.6 Glass Mantle, the glass casing that surrounds the
TEOST MHT instrument over a special wire-wound depositor
depositor rod and diverts volatilized oil into a collecting vial.
rod heated by electrical current to a controlled temperature of (See Figs. 4-6.)
285°C at the hottest location on the rod. The depositor rod is
6.1.1.7 Mantis Clip, a wire-spring device holding the
weighed before and after the test and any deposit formation on
sampleflaskinplaceonthelowerend-cap.(SeeFig.2andFig.
the rod as well as any deposits collected from rod washings are
6.)
determined. During the test, precisely controlled and directed
6.1.1.8 Oil Feed Tube, the avenue for oil to be delivered
air is caused to bathe the oil flowing down the depositor rod
from the pump to the top of the depositor rod.
and, thereby, to provide opportunity for oxidation. Precision of
6.1.1.9 O-rings, Larger, Petroleum-resistant, create a seal
the test is strongly influenced by the care in manufacture of the
between the end-caps and glass mantle. (See Fig. 5.)
wire-wound steel depositor rods and the treatment of the
6.1.1.10 O-rings, Smaller, Petroleum- and Heat-resistant,
coating of the wound wire, the rate of air flow, and the amount
creates an air and fluid seal between depositor rod and
and degree of mixing of the catalyst.
end-caps. (See Fig. 5.)
5. Significance and Use
6.1.1.11 Pump Outlet Tubing, a flexible transparent vinyl
tube of 3.2 mm outer diameter with a flared end used to
5.1 The test method is designed to predict the deposit-
transport the oil sample from the oil pump to the oil feed tube.
forming tendencies of engine oil in the piston ring belt and
(See Fig. 6.)
upper piston crown area. Correlation has been shown between
6.1.1.12 Sample Flask, a small (~25 mL), modified form of
the TEOST MHT procedure and the TU3MH Peugeot engine
an Erlenmeyer flask with side-arm into which the catalyst and
test in deposit formation. Such deposits formed in the ring-belt
sample are first weighed, then later used to feed the sample to
area of a reciprocating engine piston can cause problems with
the circulating system. (See Fig. 2 and Fig. 6.)
engine operation and longevity. It is one of the required test
methods in Specification D 4485 to define API Category-
6.1.1.13 Stainless Steel Hex Screws and Busbar End Piece,
Identified engine oils. these secure the depositor rod to the busbars.
6.1.1.14 Thermocouples, Two, stainless steel sheathed, 1.57
6. Apparatus
mm diameter by 150 mm length. One, a J-type, is used for
6.1 TEOST MHT Instrument, with specific fittings for the
controlling the test temperature (depositor rod) while the other,
MHT procedure including parts and assemblies are as follows:
a K-type, is used to protect against an over-temperature
6.1.1 Depositor Rod Casing Assembly:
condition.
6.1.1.1 Ceramic Isolators, special non-conductive fittings
6.1.1.15 Thermocouple Lock Collar, a fitting that can be
that compress the depositor rod O-rings into the end-caps and
tightened on the thermocouple to ensure the thermocouple tip
centers the depositor rod in the end-caps to prevent leakage of
is at the correct position when placed inside the depositor rod.
oil from the lower end-cap. (See Figs. 4 and 5.)
(See Fig. 4.)
6.1.1.2 Depositor Rod, Wire-Wound, a specially patented,
6.1.1.16 Volatiles Vial Clip, the device that holds the vola-
numbered, and registered steel tube wound with pre-treated
tiles collection vial in place on the mantle. (See Fig. 4.)
steel wire. The steel tube is formed to a selected interior
6.1.2 Airflow Control Assembly, sets air flow at chosen flow
diameter to precisely contact the surface of a metal-sheathed
rate.
thermocouple.Theregistereddepositorrodsarerequiredtorun
6.1.2.1 Bubble-tube Airflow Gage, a device for precisely
the TEOST MHT procedure. (See Fig. 4, Fig. 5, and Fig. 7.)
establishing the airflow rate and calibrating the flow meter
NOTE 2—Precision of the TEOST MHT procedure is highly dependent
from 1 to 30 mL/min. (See Fig. 1.)
on the uniformity of manufacture and use of patented and registered
6.1.2.2 Calibrated Flow Meter, capable of measuring ap-
depositor rods. Each depositor rod is numbered and traceable to the
proximately 1 to 20 mL/min of air and providing a continuous
manufacturer and raw steel tubing mill.
reading on airflow rate when calibrated.
6.1.1.3 End-cap, Upper, holds the upper end of the glass
6.1.2.3 Hand-held Digital Flow Meter,anoptionaldeviceto
mantleanddepositorrodinplaceandallowsairandoiltoenter
monitor air flow to or out of the mantle, capable of reading a
the deposit-forming zone separately. (See Fig. 4 and Fig. 7.)
flow rate of 10.0 6 0.1 mL/min of air.
6.1.1.4 End-cap, Lower, holds the lower end of the glass
6.1.2.4 Precision Digital Mass Flow Controller, an optional
mantleanddepositorrodinplaceandprovidesanoutletforthe
device that allows the precise control of the input air flow. (See
Fig. 1a.)
Selby,T.W.,andFlorkowski,D.F.,“TheDevelopmentoftheTEOSTProtocol
6.1.2.5 Stopwatch, reading to 1/100 s.
MHT Bench Test of Engine Oil Piston Deposit Tendency,” Supplement to the
6.1.3 Filtering Flask Assembly, provides the means for
Proceedings of the 12th Esslingen Colloquium, Esslingen, Germany, January 11-13,
2000, pp. 55-62. filtering particles washed from the depositor rod. (See Fig. 8.)
D7097–05
FIG. 1 Bubble Gage
6.1.3.1 Filter Cartridge, a special multilayer filter made for 6.1.3.3 Filter Tube Assembly, a metal or polyethylene tube
the TEOST MHT procedure fitting the end of the filter funnel inserted through a No. 8 rubber stopper in the vacuum flask to
also made for the TEOST procedure. fit the lower outlet of the filter cartridge. (See Fig. 8.)
6.1.3.2 Filter Funnel, a special combination funnel of 6.1.3.4 VacuumFlask,1000-mLcapacityforcollectingfilter
~400-mL capacity, necking down to a 10-mL graduated or rinse hydrocarbon solvent.
non-graduated section that, in turn, ends in a glass or Luer-lock 6.1.3.5 Vacuum Source, a vacuum source sufficient to draw
tip fitting the special filter cartridge used in the procedure. (See the filter rinse hydrocarbon solvent through the filter and
Fig. 8.) provide the necessary filter drying.
D7097–05
warm to room temperature before opening to eliminate con-
densation). Temporary sealed storage, up to four weeks, may
be at room temperature.
7.6 Certified Reference Oils, certified low deposit fluid
(LDF, about 10 to 15 mg), medium deposit fluid (MDF, about
40 to 50 mg), and high deposit fluid (HDF, about 70 to 90 mg).
7.7 Combination Pump Calibration and Temperature Con-
trol Thermocouple Depth Setting Oil, TPC-1, a highly
deposit-resistant oil used in setting pump calibration and
FIG. 2 Sample Flask with Stirring Bar and Mantis Clip
temperature control calibration without forming significant
deposits on the depositor rod during these calibrations.
6.1.3.6 Wire Rod, stainless steel, 1 to 1.5 mm diameter, 300
7.8 Varnish Cleaning Liquid, used in cleaning varnish from
to 350 mm length, for dislodging any deposits trapped in the
mantle, end-caps, and other components of the equipment after
narrow portion of the filter funnel just above the filter.
test. Other glass cleaners with varnish removing capabilities
6.2 Ancillary Equipment, needed or helpful:
also may be used.
6.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing deposits to the nearest
0.1 mg with a minimum capacity of 100 g.
8. Programming the Apparatus
6.2.2 Catalyst Syringe, a syringe of 100 µL capacity, for
8.1 PID (proportional, integral, and derivative) Settings for
carefully metering the catalyst being weighed into the sample
Temperature Control—Adjustthethermocouplesensitivityand
flask.
response values (PID settings) to have the minimum excursion
6.2.3 Oil Sample Transfer Pipettes, disposable glass or
from the temperature value desired during operation. See
plastic pipettes or droppers.
Instrument Manual for recommended settings and adjustment
6.2.4 Oil Extraction Test Tubes, three, 120-mm tall, made of
technique.
glass or hydrocarbon solvent-resistant plastic.
8.2 Temperature Controller Setting—Set the temperature
6.2.5 Temperature Recorder, an optional device for tracking
control program to maintain 285°C for 24-h according to the
the temperature of the upper depositor rod thermocouple over
instructions in the Instrument Manual.
the 24-h period of the test.
8.3 If using a strip chart recorder, turn on the strip chart, set
6.2.6 Thermocouple Depth Insertion Gage, an optional
the chart speed to 10 mm/h, but do not lower the pen(s) or turn
measurement device fabricated for simple setting and checking
on the chart drive at this time.
thermocouple insertion depth, using a millimetre graduation
8.4 If using other means of continuously recording tempera-
scale.
tures, prepare these for receiving information.
6.2.7 Vials and Caps, a vial and matching cap of 10 mL or
more in volume with an 11.5 mm diameter mouth a
...
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