ASTM E3325-21

Standard Practice for Sampling of Solar Photovoltaic Modules for Toxicity Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The primary goal of this practice is to extract representative samples from PV modules for TCLP toxicity testing purposes in order to receive unbiased, comparable and repeatable toxicity test results from independent TCLP testing laboratories.  
6.2 Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the United States and the world reaching end-of-life due to failure, underperformance or breakage due to extreme weather have to be recycled or otherwise safely disposed of following the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulation [United States, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Pub.L. 94–580, October 1976]. For end-of-life PV modules, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1311 (TCLP) is used for waste characterization based on leaching potential under simulated landfill conditions.  
6.3 Commercial PV modules contain compounds and alloys of various metals (for example, Ag, Al, Cd, Cu, Ga, In, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Te, Zn) which are used in semiconductor compounds and electrical contacts.5 Modules that pass the EPA Method 1311 TCLP test, and state protocols (if applicable), can be disposed of in a regular landfill. Otherwise, they are classified as hazardous waste and must go through a more onerous and expensive disposal process. Currently, there is no national or international standard, nor a standardized protocol available for removal of test samples from PV modules for toxicity testing per the EPA Method 1311 standard.  
6.4 The validity of the toxicity test results heavily depends on the location of extracted samples in the module, specifically within the laminate area, and the particle size of the extracted samples. Therefore, it is critical that the sample extraction procedure be properly designed to avoid biased or otherwise inaccurate toxicity test results.  
6.5 The development and application of a homogeneous and representative sampling standard will help utilities and manufacturers to limit the number of variables and to obtain repeatable...
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to describe a representative and repeatable sample preparation methodology to conduct toxicity testing on solar photovoltaic (PV) modules for use with EPA Test Method 1311: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP).  
1.2 This practice refers to the extraction and preparation of PV module samples by EPA Method 1311, the testing for eight (8) distinct metals – mercury (by Method 7470A), arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium and silver (by Method 6010C) as well as the analysis and interpretation of the test results on a module level.  
1.3 This practice applies to only (1) standard crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules, multi and mono-crystalline silicon with aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) cell technology and (2) cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV modules.  
1.4 Other and newer PV technologies and module architectures, for example, passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), interdigitated back contact (IBC), hetero-junction technology (HJT), multiwire, half cut, shingled etc., have not been evaluated with this practice, although the concept and practice can be easily extended and applied to other technologies following the conceptual approach presented in this document.  
1.5 The sample extraction/removal methodology applied in this practice is the waterjet cutting sampling method. Sample extraction with mechanical cutting has been extensively evaluated but the variability of TCLP test results based on the mechanical cut samples tend to be much higher (30 %) than that of the waterjet cut samples (8 %).2 Therefore, the mechanical cut method is not presented in this practice.  
1.6 Only the laminate area of the PV module is considered for TCLP testing, as other possible module parts, such as aluminum frame, junction box and cables contain recyclable materials that are already well-documented and are not specific to the PV modules.  
1.7 The material gravimetric density...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2021
• ICS: 27.160 - Solar energy engineering
• Technical Committee: E44 - Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources
• Drafting Committee: E44.09 - Photovoltaic Electric Power Conversion

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4538-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2013
• Refers: ASTM E772-13 - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Refers: ASTM E772-11 - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Refers: ASTM D4538-05e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Refers: ASTM D4538-05 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Refers: ASTM E772-05 - Standard Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Refers: ASTM D4538-95(2004) - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2004
• Refers: ASTM D4538-95 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Refers: ASTM E772-87(2001) - Standard Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 27-Feb-1987
• Refers: ASTM E772-87(1993)e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 27-Feb-1987

Overview

ASTM E3325-21: Standard Practice for Sampling of Solar Photovoltaic Modules for Toxicity Testing provides a repeatable and representative sample preparation methodology for extracting samples from photovoltaic (PV) modules for use in toxicity testing, specifically with the EPA Test Method 1311: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Developed by ASTM International, this standard addresses the rapidly increasing need for effective end-of-life management of PV modules, ensuring unbiased and comparable toxicity test results to support safe recycling or disposal in compliance with regulations such as the U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

Key Topics

• Purpose and Scope
  • Describes standardized sampling and sample preparation for toxicity testing of standard crystalline silicon (c-Si) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV modules.
  • Intended for use with EPA Method 1311 (TCLP), targeting metals such as mercury, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, and silver.
• Sampling Methodology
  • Utilizes waterjet cutting for sample extraction, ensuring minimal variability and avoiding thermal or mechanical damage that could affect the representativeness of samples.
  • Focuses solely on the laminate area of PV modules, excluding parts like aluminum frames, junction boxes, and cables since these are outside specific toxicity concerns for PV modules.
• Representative and Repeatable Results
  • Emphasizes the importance of particle size and sampling location within the laminate area to avoid biased or inaccurate results during TCLP testing.
  • Provides a detailed calculation framework for determining the number and area of samples required for both crystalline silicon and CdTe module types.
• Regulatory Context
  • PV modules passing TCLP tests may be disposed of in regular landfills; those exceeding limits are classified as hazardous waste and require special handling.
  • Supports compliance with both national and, where applicable, state protocols for waste management.

Applications

• PV Module Recycling and Disposal
  • Enables manufacturers, utilities, and waste managers to accurately determine the hazardous status of end-of-life PV modules, facilitating compliance with RCRA and other regulations.
  • Standardized sampling ensures reliable test results, minimizing costly misclassification of waste streams and optimizing recycling efforts.
• Independent Laboratory Testing
  • Provides independent laboratories and test facilities with clear, unbiased sample preparation procedures, promoting comparability and repeatability of TCLP toxicity results.
• Sustainability Practices in Solar Industry
  • Essential for companies looking to demonstrate responsible solar PV module disposal and supporting circular economy initiatives by enabling safe landfill disposal where applicable.

Related Standards

• EPA Method 1311 (TCLP)
  The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure used for characterizing hazardous waste based on leaching potential.
• EPA Method 7470A (Mercury in Liquid Wastes)
  Reference method for mercury detection as part of TCLP analysis suite.
• EPA Method 6010C (ICP-AES)
  Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry for analyzing selected metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, and silver.
• ASTM E772 – Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
  Offers general terms and definitions relevant to solar energy conversion standards.

Practical Value

Adopting ASTM E3325-21 for the sampling of solar photovoltaic modules streamlines the toxicity testing process, limits sampling variability, and supports regulatory compliance. This international standard improves the reliability of waste classification decisions for PV modules, ensuring human health and environmental protections are upheld throughout the solar industry’s value chain. By standardizing the sampling methodology, ASTM E3325-21 strengthens both laboratory practices and industry confidence in test results, aiding the safe, economical, and environmentally responsible management of solar module waste.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3325 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Solar Photovoltaic Modules for Toxicity
Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope aluminum frame, junction box and cables contain recyclable
materialsthatarealreadywell-documentedandarenotspecific
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to describe a representa-
to the PV modules.
tiveandrepeatablesamplepreparationmethodologytoconduct
toxicity testing on solar photovoltaic (PV) modules for use
1.7 Thematerialgravimetricdensity(g/cm )throughoutthe
with EPATest Method 1311: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching laminate area is considered constant.
Procedure (TCLP).
1.8 This practice was developed to be consistent with three
1.2 This practice refers to the extraction and preparation of fundamental requirements:
PVmodule samples by EPAMethod 1311, the testing for eight
1.8.1 Sample pieces with particle size not to exceed the
(8) distinct metals – mercury (by Method 7470A), arsenic,
allowed size limit of EPA 1311 standard which is 9.5 mm,
barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium and silver (by
1.8.2 The particle size used in this practice as sample piece
Method6010C)aswellastheanalysisandinterpretationofthe
is consistent with the median particle size expected in landfill
test results on a module level.
disposal , and
1.8.3 An assumption that each laminate sample piece will
1.3 This practice applies to only (1) standard crystalline
result in 100 % glass coverage area, due to the presence of
silicon (c-Si) modules, multi and mono-crystalline silicon with
bonding encapsulant layers once it is broken in the landfill.
aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) cell technology and (2)
cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV modules.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.4 Other and newer PV technologies and module
standard.
architectures, for example, passivated emitter and rear cell
(PERC), interdigitated back contact (IBC), hetero-junction
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
technology (HJT), multiwire, half cut, shingled etc., have not
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
been evaluated with this practice, although the concept and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
practice can be easily extended and applied to other technolo-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
gies following the conceptual approach presented in this
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
document.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.5 The sample extraction/removal methodology applied in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
this practice is the waterjet cutting sampling method. Sample
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
extraction with mechanical cutting has been extensively evalu-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ated but the variability of TCLP test results based on the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mechanical cut samples tend to be much higher (30 %) than
that of the waterjet cut samples (8 %). Therefore, the
2. Referenced Documents
mechanical cut method is not presented in this practice.
1.6 Only the laminate area of the PV module is considered
2.1 ASTM Standard:
for TCLP testing, as other possible module parts, such as
D4538Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and
Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities
E772Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
GeothermalandOtherAlternativeEnergySourcesandisthedirectresponsibilityof
Subcommittee E44.09 on Photovoltaic Electric Power Conversion.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. DOI:
10.1520/E3325-21. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
TamizhMani, G., Libby, C., Shaw, S., Krishnamurthy, R., Leslie, J.,Yadav, R., contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Tatapudi S., and Bicer, B. “Evaluating PV Module Sample Removal Methods for Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
TCLP Testing,” IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, June 2018. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3325 − 21
2.2 EPA Methods: 4.2 Convection Oven—An oven used to dry the sample
Test Method 1311Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Proce- pieces at 50 °C by evenly distributing the heat around the
dure sample pieces.
Method 6010C (SW-846)Inductively Coupled Plasma -
4.3 Deionized Water—Deionized water is the water that
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
contains no mineral ions. “Deionized water, —water that has
Method 7470A (SW-846) Mercury in Liquid Wastes
been purified of salts by passing through a cation-exchange
(Manual Cold-Vapor Technique)
resin to replace metal ions, such as calcium and iron, with the
hydrogen ion and through an anion-exchange resin to remove
3. Terminology
both the hydrogen ions and the corresponding negative ions.”
[D4538]
3.1 DefinitionsofTermsusedinthispracticemaybelocated
in Terminology E772
5. Summary of Practice
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1 This practice presents a representative and repeatable
3.2.1 cell area, n—the area of all the cells in the laminate
methodology to remove sample pieces from PV modules for
excluding the cell ribbon/interconnect area, string-ribbon area
later use in the TCLP testing. This practice refers to the
and non-cell/non-ribbon area.
extraction and preparation of PV module sample pieces com-
3.2.2 cell-ribbon area, n—the area of all the cell intercon-
plying to the EPA Method 1311 for later testing to eight (8)
nect ribbons in the laminate excluding cell area, string-ribbon
distinctmetals–mercury(byMethod7470A),arsenic,barium,
area and non-cell/non-ribbon area.
cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium and silver (by Method
6010C) as well as the analysis and interpretation of the TCLP
3.2.3 laminate, n—of a PV module,astackoflayersthatare
test results on a module level.
laminated together with superstrate (typically, glass), encapsu-
lant (typically, polymeric material), solar cell and substrate
5.2 Sample pieces must be 9.3 by 9.3 – 9.5 by 9.5 mm
(typically, polymeric sheet). A laminate does not include the
square.
frame and junction box of the module.
5.3 The total weight of all sample pieces must be a
3.2.4 non-cell/non-ribbon area (electrically inactive area),
minimum of 100 g for TCLP testing, plus 5–10 g for pH
n—thesumofalltheareas(includingtheareaembeddedinside
testing.
the groove of the frame) which are not covered by the cells,
5.4 For both module types (crystalline silicon and cadmium
cell ribbons/interconnects and string ribbons.
telluride), the following step-wise procedure is used:
3.2.5 string-ribbonarea,n—theareaofallthestringribbons
5.4.1 Measure the required areas of the module; these differ
in the laminate excluding cell area, cell-ribbon area and
for crystalline-Si (four areas) and CdTe (three areas) modules.
non-cell/non-ribbon area.
5.4.2 Calculate the percentage of the total laminate area for
3.2.6 total laminated area, n—a sum of three or four areas each required area.
– cell area, cell-ribbon area (c-Si modules only), string-ribbon 5.4.3 Estimate the number of samples needed from the total
area and non-cell/non-ribbon area. weight of samples needed divided by the average weight of a
sample piece.
4. Apparatus 5.4.4 Remove samples using the waterjet cutting approach.
5.4.5 Rinse and dry samples.
4.1 Waterjet Cutting Facility—Waterjetcuttingisanerosive
5.4.6 Groupsamplesaccordingtotheareasfromwhichthey
process that uses high-pressure water to cut through the
were removed.
laminate for obtaining sample pieces required for the TCLP
5.4.7 Weigh all samples in each area group.
testing, typically provided by third-party waterjet cutting
5.4.8 Calculate the number of samples needed for each area
companies.An important benefit of the waterjet is the smooth
group.
cut with 100 % glass coverage in the cut pieces and ability to
5.4.9 Verify that the samples meet the total weight in 5.3.
cut material without separating layers of the laminate into
5.4.10 Submit the samples for TCLP testing.
glass, encapsulant, cell and backsheet/backglass, as there is no
heat-affected zone and glass vibration is minimized. Square
6. Significance and Use
pieces with each side not more than 9.5 mm in length are cut
6.1 The primary goal of this practice is to extract represen-
with the waterjet. These square pieces can be cut individually,
tative samples from PV modules for TCLP toxicity testing
or in the following two-step process. Initially, linear strips are
purposes in order to receive unbiased, comparable and repeat-
cut with a width of 9.5 mm from each of the different laminate
able toxicity test results from independent TCLP testing
areas. In a second step, these strips will be placed on the
laboratories.
waterjet machine and individual sample pieces will be cut as
square pieces with each side not more than 9.5 mm in length. 6.2 Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the United States
and the world reaching end-of-life due to failure, underperfor-
manceorbreakageduetoextremeweatherhavetoberecycled
or otherwise safely disposed of following the Resource Con-
AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
servationandRecoveryAct(RCRA)regulation[UnitedStates,
Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
http://www.epa.gov. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Pub.L. 94–580,
E3325 − 21
October 1976]. For end-of-life PV modules, the U.S. Environ-
mental ProtectionAgency (EPA) Method 1311 (TCLP) is used
for waste characterization based on leaching potential under
simulated landfill conditions.
6.3 CommercialPVmodulescontaincompoundsandalloys
of various metals (for example,Ag,Al, Cd, Cu, Ga, In, Ni, Pb,
Se, Sn, Te, Zn) which are used in semiconductor compounds
and electrical contacts. Modules that pass the EPA Method
1311 TCLP test, and state protocols (if applicable), can be
disposed of in a regular landfill. Otherwise, they are classified
as hazardous waste and must go through a more onerous and
expensive disposal process. Currently, there is no national or
internationalstandard,norastandardizedprotocolavailablefor
removal of test samples from PV modules for toxicity testing
per the EPA Method 1311 standard.
6.4 The validity of the toxicity test results heavily depends
onthelocationofextractedsamplesinthemodule,specifically
within the laminate area, and the particle size of the extracted
FIG. 1 Laminate Area of a Multi-crystalline PV Module With Rep-
samples. Therefore, it is critical that the sample extraction
resentative Sampling Locations (the numbers inside the squares
indicate the approximate number of required 9.5 mm by 9.5 mm
procedure be properly designed to avoid biased or otherwise
pieces in a typical c-Si module)
inaccurate toxicity test results.
6.5 Thedevelopmentandapplicationofahomogeneousand
Example 1:
representative sampling standard will help utilities and manu-
facturers to limit the number of variables and to obtain
Length of the module including = 1956 mm
repeatable test results. frame (l )
Width of the module including = 992 mm
frame (l )
7. Procedure
Groove thickness (l ) = 5 mm (default value)
Total laminate area (A) =[1956–(2×5)]×[992–(2×5)]
l
7.1 Sampling Procedure for Crystalline Silicon PV Mod-
= 1 910 972 mm
ules:
7.1.2.3 Conduct the following measurements to calculate
7.1.1 A typical crystalline silicon PV module incorporates the proportional areas of cell, cell ribbon, string-ribbon and
60 or 72 cells and consists of the (1) frame; (2) laminate; (3)
non-cell/non-ribbon for a crystalline PV module (Fig. 3):
junctionbox;and (4)cablesandconnectors.Thetotallaminate (1)Count the number of cells in module laminate (N ).
cl
(2)Measure the length (l ) and width (l ) of one cell,
area of the module can be divided into four representative
1 2
includingthelengthstowhichthecutcornerswouldhavemet.
parts,asindicatedinFig.1foracrystallinesiliconPVmodule.
(3)Measurethelength(c )andwidth(c )ofonecutcorner
1 2
7.1.2 Pre-Removal Calculation Procedure:
(if monocrystalline silicon module, otherwise c and c are 0
1 2
7.1.2.1 The pre-removal preparation procedure is divided
mm).
intothreemajorsteps: (1)calculationoftotallaminatearea; (2)
(4)Calculate the area of one cell:
calculationofindividuallaminateareasasshowninFig.1;and
A 5 l 3 l 2 c 3 c ⁄4 mm
@~ ! ~~ ! !#
cell 1 2 1 2
(3) initial calculation of number of pieces to remove per
(5)Count the number of cell ribbons in one cell (N ) and
cr
laminate area.
measure the length (l ) and width (l ) of one cell ribbon within
3 4
7.1.2.2 To accurately calculate the total area of the laminate
one cell.
for a framed c-Si module (Fig. 2), it is important to remember
(6)Calculate the area of cell ribbons (A ) in one cell:
cr
thatasmallareaofthelaminateareaishiddenundertheframe.
A 5 @~l 3 l ! 3N # mm
cr 3 4 cr
The length from the hidden edge of the laminate to the outer
(7) Calculate the total cell-ribbon area (A ) in the total
crl
edge is called the groove thickness (l ) and is typically around
3 6
module laminate:
5 mm.
A 5 A 3 N mm
~ !
crl cr cl
Calculate the total area of the laminate (A) using the
l
(8)Calculate the net cell area for one cell (A ) without cell
c
following equation:
ribbons:
A 5 l 2 2 3 l 3 l 2 2 3 l mm
@ ~ !# @ ~ !#
l 1 3 2 3
A 5 A 2 A mm
~ !
c cr
(9)Calculate the total cell area (A ) in module laminate:
crl
Human Health Risk Assessment Methods for PV Part 3: Module Disposal
Risks, https://iea-pvps.org/key-topics/human-health-risk-assessment-methods-for- As intercell ribbon length is negligibly small compared to the ribbons on the
pv-part-3-module-disposal-risks/ surfaces of the cells, they were not included in the calculation.
E3325 − 21
FIG. 2 Frontside of a c-Si PV Module
Example 2:
Monocrystalline Si PV module with 72 cells
Length of 1 cell (l ) = 155 mm
Width of 1 cell (l ) = 155 mm
Length of cell corner (c ) = 10 mm
Width of cell corner (c ) = 10 mm
Number of cell ribbons in 1 cell = 5
Length of cell ribbon = 155 mm
Width of cell ribbon = 1 mm
Number of string ribbon 1(#sr1) = 3
Length of string ribbon 1 = 290 mm
Width of string ribbon 1 = 6 mm
Number of string ribbon 2(#sr2) = 1
Length of string ribbon 2 = 930 mm
Width of string ribbon 2 = 6 mm
Total cell area in laminate (A ) = [(155 × 155) – ((10 × 10)/2 × 4) – ((155 × 1) ×
cl
5) × 72] = 1 659 600 mm
Total cell-ribbon area in laminate (A )=[(155×1)x5]×72=55800mm
crl
Total string-ribbon area in laminate (A ) = [(290 × 6) × 3] + [(930 × 6) x 1] =
srl
10 800 mm
Total non-cell/non-ribbon area (A ) = 1 910 972 – (1 659 600 + 55 800 +
ncnr
FIG. 3 Close-up of One Cell in a Mono-crystalline PV Module
10 800) = 184 772 mm
7.1.2.4 Calculate the proportional values for each area in
A 5 A 3 N mm
~ !
cl c cl
relation to the whole laminate area based on the individual
(10)Count the number of string ribbons (N ) in module
srl
calculations of each dedicated laminate area in Step 2:
laminate and measure the length (l ) and width (l ) of each
5 6
(1)Cell area in % = A /A × 100 %
cl l
string ribbon.
(2)Cell-ribbon area in % = A /A × 100 %
crl l
(11)Calculatetheareaofallstringribbons(A )inmodule
srl
(3)String-ribbon area in % = A /A × 100 %
7 srl l
laminate:
(4)Non-cell/Non-ribbon area in % = A /A × 100 %
ncrn l
A 5 l 3 l 3N mm
@~ ! #
srl 5 6 srl
Example 3A:
(12)Calculatethenon-cell/non-ribbonarea(A )inmod-
ncnr
Cell area in % = 1 659 600 / 1 910 972 ×100 % = 86.8 %
ule laminate:
Cell ribbon area in % = 55 800 / 1 910 972 × 100%=2.9%
A 5 A 2 A 1 A 1 A mm String ribbon area in % = 10 800 / 1 190 972 × 100%=0.6%
@ ~ !#
ncnr 1 cl crl srl
Non-cell/Non-ribbon area in % = 184 772 / 1 190 972 × 100%=9.7%
7.1.2.5 Calculatetheestimatednumberofsamplesthatneed
Theremightbeseveralstringribbonswithdifferentdimensionsinonemodule.
to be removed from each dedicated laminate area. The mini-
If so, include all string ribbons in the calculation by summing all individual ribbon
areas. mum sample weight to be supplied for TCLP testing, as
E3325 − 21
mandated by EPI SW-846 Test Method 1311,
...