ASTM D4292-92(2002)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke
Standard Test Method for Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum coke, after vibration to increase compaction.
1.2 The procedure is limited to particles passing through a 6.68-mm opening sieve (equivalent to a 3-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and retained on a 0.21-mm opening sieve (equivalent to a 65-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Further, the procedure is limited to a specific test sample having particles retained between screens having openings that differ by a factor of less than 2[radical]2 and preferably less than 2.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D4292 – 92 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Vibrated Bulk Density of Calcined
Petroleum Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4292; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Warning notes were editorially moved into the standard text in March 2003.
1. Scope 3.1.1 as-calcined particles, n—of coke, those that have not
been subject to laboratory crushing.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
3.1.2 bulk density, n—of coke, the ratio of the mass of a
density of a representative 2-kg sample of calcined petroleum
collection of particles of a specified size range to the volume
coke, after vibration to increase compaction.
occupied.
1.2 The procedure is limited to particles passing through a
3.1.3 laboratory crushed particles, n—of coke, those that
6.68-mmopeningsieve(equivalenttoa3-meshTylerStandard
have been crushed in the laboratory.
Series)andretainedona0.21-mmopeningsieve(equivalentto
a 65-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Further, the procedure is
4. Summary of Test Method
limited to a specific test sample having particles retained
4.1 After appropriate crushing of the calcined coke, using
between screens having openings that differ by a factor of less
both the jaw crusher and roll crusher, the test volume of 100 g
than 2 2 and preferably less than 2.
=
is measured after vibration and the bulk density is calculated.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be
regarded as the standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Vibrated bulk density, VBD, is an indicator of calcined
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
petroleum coke porosity, which affects its suitability for use in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pitch-bonded carbon applications. (Warning—Vibrated bulk
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
density for a sample of calcined petroleum coke is strongly
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dependent upon average particle size and particle size range.
2. Referenced Documents Bulk density tends to increase with decreasing coke size. A
narrowparticlesizerangeforthistestminimizesthepossibility
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for variation due to skewing of the test sample toward either
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
2 screendefiningthesample.Particlesizerangetestedshouldbe
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
2 agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.)
D2013 Practice of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D2234 Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
NOTE 1—An example of the use of VBD to characterize coke for
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and prebaked anodes for aluminum smelting is reported by Belitskus who
found particles passing through a 0.59-mm opening, No. 30, sieve and
Petroleum Products
retained on a 0.30-mm opening, No. 50, sieve to be preferred. Other
E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
popular ranges are particles passing through a 2.36-mm opening, No. 8,
Purposes
sieveandretainedona1.17-mmopening,No.16,sieveforthecontinuous
Soderberg anode process and particles passing through a 6.68-mm
3. Terminology
opening sieve (equivalent to a 3-meshTyler Standard Series) and retained
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
on a 3.33-mm opening, No. 6, sieve for graphite electrode manufacture.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
6.1 Jaw Crusher, laboratory type; jaw opening, approxi-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
mately50by200mm;jawscanbesettogapsofapproximately
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
3.2 to 12.7 mm; manganese steel jaw plates.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published April 2003. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4292–92 (1997).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Belitskus, D. L., “Evaluating Calcined Coke for Aluminum Smelting by Bulk
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Density,” Aluminium, Vol 51, No. 2, 1975.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4292 – 92 (2002)
6.2 Roll Crusher, laboratory type; glass hardened rolls; roll crushermotor,slowlyfeedthesamplethroughthecrusher,and
diameter, approximately 200 mm; roll width, approximately collect the product for further reduction through a roll crusher.
150 mm; gap range from 0 to 12.7 mm. 8.3 Roll Crusher Operation—(Warning—Toavoiddamage
6.3 Sieve Shaker, electrical drive with an automatic timer; totherolls,sizereductionwiththerollcrushermustbelimited
should have a rotating and tapping action. to a maximum ratio of 4 to 1. Depending on the fraction
6.4 Sieves—meeting Specification E11. desired, a one-step reduction is often not possible from the
6.5 Pan Balance, accurate to 0.1 g, capacity 2.0 kg. maximum particle size in the jaw crusher product and inter-
6.6 Vibrator , with approximately 175- by 250-mm deck, mediate roll settings are used. The sample is reduced to the
must be capable of vibrating at a frequency of 60 Hz and an desiredmeshsizeusingasfewintermediatesettingsaspossible
amplitude of 0.20 to 0.22 mm (peak) when loaded with a 50-g (but not exceeding the 4 to 1 reduction ratio).
cork ring, 215-g graduated cylinder, and a 100-g coke sample. 8.3.1 With the motor deactivated, and using a method
6.7 Ohmmeter, adequate to test continuity of an electrical appropriate to the roll crusher being used, adjust the roll gap
circuit. according to the following procedure. If the rolls are readily
6.8 Cork Ring, approximately 100-mm inside diameter by accessible, adjustment with a leaf-type feeler gage inserted
25 mm high by 12 mm thick, weight approximately 50 g between the rolls with the motor deactivated is useful.
(round-bottom flask support).
8.3.2 Calculatetheratioofthemaximumparticlesizeofthe
6.9 Graduated Cylinder, glass, 250 mL, inside diameter
roll crusher feed (expressed as the opening, in millimetres, of
approximately 37 mm, base diameter approximately 95 mm.
the finest screen through which the largest particles will pass)
6.10 Plastic Funnel, must have a stem with straight sides to the maximum particle size of the bulk density fraction
and an outside diameter of 25 to 30 mm (powder funnel).
required (expressed as the opening, in millimetres, of the
6.11 Automatic Timer, Clock, or Watch, with a second coarser of the two screens used to define the bulk density
indicator.
fraction).
6.12 Riffle Sampler, enclosed drawer, approximately 380 by
8.3.3 Select the number of crushing steps required from the
290 by 360 mm, 24-slot.
following table:
Number of Crushing
7. Precautions
Ratio Steps Required
1.1to4.0 1
7.1 Exercisecareintheoperationofthejawcrusherandroll
4.1 to 16.0 2
crusher. Turn power off at the source when setting the gap.
16.1 to 64.0 3
Wear safety glasses and keep hands clear when feeding
8.3.4 For each crushing step required, the roll gap is
material. Turn power off at the source when equipment is
decreased (from a value equivalent to the maximum particle
opened for cleaning after the grinding operation.
size of the feed) by a factor of:
n
8. Sample Preparation
Ratio ~asdefinedin8.3.2! (1)
=
8.1 Use the crushing procedure in 8.2 and subsequent
where:
paragraphssothatcontributionstoVBDfromboth as-calcined
n = number of crushing steps required (8.3.3)
and laboratory-crushed particles (which differ significantly in
8.3.5 For example, it is desired to reduce a coke having a
density) are included.
maximum particle size of 6.68 mm to one having a maximum
NOTE 2—Because the vibrated bulk density method is based on the
particle size of 0.208 mm. The calculation is as follows:
packing of sized particles, the method of sample preparation can affect
Ratio = 32.115 (see 8.3.2)
results due to differences in particle shapes affecting packing characteris-
Crushing steps required=3 (see 8.3.3)
tics.
Factor= 32.115 =3.179 (see 8.3.4)
=
8.1.1 Air-dry the laboratory sample, if it appears to be wet,
1st setting: 6.68 mm 4 3.179=2.101 mm
prior to crushing to avoid caking.
2nd setting: 2.101 mm 4 3.179=0.661 mm
NOTE 3—On agreement by purchaser and supplier, density of only 3rd setting: 0.661 mm 4 3.179=0.208 mm
as-calcined particles in the selected size range are determined. If so,
8.3.6 After the roll gap is adjusted, remove the feeler gage
proceed to Section 11 and report as part of the result that only as-calcined
(if used), turn on the roll crusher motor, slowly feed 0.3 kg of
particles were used.
thejawcrusherproductthroughtherollcrusher,andcollectthe
NOTE 4—Recommended practice for collecting samples and the equip-
sample. When more than one roll crushing step is required,
ment and procedures for dividing are described in Test Methods D346,
regrindthroughsmalleropeningsandcollectthesample.Then,
D2013, D2234, and D4057.
using the appropriate screens (those defining the bulk density
8.2 Jaw Crusher Operation—Usetheprocedureappropriate
fraction), sample receiver, and cover, sieve the roll-crushed
to the crusher being used, adjust the jaws so that the gap
sample in the sieve shaker. With this final roll crusher setting,
between them (at their closest position to each other in the
at least 30% of the coke generally will be in the desired
crushing cycle) is approximately 5 mm. Turn on the jaw
particle size range.
8.3.7 This setting will produce roughly equal weights of
coke coarser and finer than the desired fraction, provided that
The calibration procedure described later is specific to a
...
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