ASTM D4485-14
(Specification)Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
ABSTRACT
This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety of operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment. Automotive engine oils are classified in three general arrangements: S, C, and Energy Conserving. These arrangements are further divided into categories with performance measured as follows: SH, SJ, SL, SM, CF-4, CF, CF-2, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CJ-4, Energy Conserving associated with SJ, and Energy Conserving associated with SL. Different bench and chemical tests shall be performed to help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety of operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment.
1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn mowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or oceangoing vessels.
1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline or diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in gasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil categories prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects of engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests in this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operating conditions.
1.4 This specification includes bench and chemical tests that help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not covered by the engine tests in this specification.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 Exceptions:
1.5.1.1 The roller follower shaft wear in Test Method D5966 is in mils. Some of the appendixes are verbatim from other sources, and non-SI units are included.
1.5.1.2 The bearing wear in Test Method D6709 is in grams and is described as weight loss, a non-SI term.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4485 −14
StandardSpecification for
Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification covers all the currently active American Petroleum Institute (API) engine oil
performancecategoriesthathavebeendefinedinaccordancewiththeASTMconsensusprocess.There
are organizations with specifications not subject to the ASTM consensus process, such as the
International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC), American Petroleum
Institute (API – SM, SN Specifications), and the Association des Constructeurs Europeans d’
Automobiles (ACEA). Certain of these specifications, which have been defined primarily by the use
of current ASTM test methods, have also been included in the Appendixes for information.
In the ASTM system, a specific API designation is assigned to each category. The system is
open-ended, that is, new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of oil
performance characteristics are defined. Oil categories may be referenced by engine builders in
making lubricant recommendations, and used by lubricant suppliers and customers in identifying
products for specific applications. Where applicable, candidate oil programs are conducted in
accordancewiththeAmericanChemistryCouncil(ACC)PetroleumAdditivesProductApprovalCode
of Practice.
Other service categories not shown in this document have historically been used to describe engine
oil performance (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH and CA, CB, CC, CD, CD-II, CE, CF, CF-2, CF-4,
CG-4) (see 3.1.2). SA is not included because it does not have specified engine performance
requirements. SH is not included because it was a category that could not be licensed for gasoline
engine oil use in the API Service Symbol after Dec. 2, 2010. (Note—The SH category has been
included in Appendix X8 as relevant information in combination with “C” categories.) The others are
notincludedbecausetheyarebasedontestmethodsforwhichengineparts,testfuel,orreferenceoils,
or a combination thereof, are no longer available.Also, theASTM 5-Car and SequenceVI Procedures
are obsolete and have been deleted from the category Energy Conserving and Energy Conserving II
(defined by Sequence VI). Information on excluded older categories and obsolete test requirements
can be found in SAE J183.
1. Scope* 1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil
applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn
1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and
mowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or oceangoing
heavy-dutyinternalcombustionenginesusedunderavarietyof
vessels.
operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and
off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment.
1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that
generally have been correlated with results obtained on refer-
ence oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline or
diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
is based on engine test results that generally have been
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originally
gasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil catego-
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4485 – 11c. DOI:
10.1520/D4485-14. ries prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4485−14
of engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests in Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn
this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, 2003)
it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operating D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,
conditions. Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils
Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
1.4 Thisspecificationincludesbenchandchemicalteststhat
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
covered by the engine tests in this specification.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
etry (ICP-AES)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils
standard.
and Base Stocks Between –5 °C and –35 °C Using
1.5.1 Exceptions:
Cold-Cranking Simulator
1.5.1.1 TherollerfollowershaftwearinTestMethodD5966 D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
is in mils. Some of the appendixes are verbatim from other
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
sources, and non-SI units are included. Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-
1.5.1.2 The bearing wear in Test Method D6709 is in grams
Duty Conditions (Withdrawn 2003)
and is described as weight loss, a non-SI term.
D5480 Test Method for Engine Oil Volatility by Gas Chro-
matography (Withdrawn 2003)
2. Referenced Documents
D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at
2.1 ASTM Standards:
High-TemperatureandHigh-ShearRatebyMulticellCap-
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
illary Viscometer
Open Cup Tester
D5533 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Oils in the Sequence IIIE, Spark-Ignition Engine (With-
Closed Cup Tester
drawn 2003)
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
D5800 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
Oils by the Noack Method
D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
tic Elastomers—Tension
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
2003)
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
D5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller
and Additives
Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
ing Oils
T-8 Diesel Engine
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
D6082 Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Charac-
ness
teristics of Lubricating Oils
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
D6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the Fuel
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
Conformance with Specifications
D6335 Test Method for Determination of High Temperature
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation
D4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and
Test
Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Tempera-
D6417 Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility
ture by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and
D6483 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
T-9 Diesel Engine (Withdrawn 2009)
D4951 Test Method for Determination ofAdditive Elements
D6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Char-
in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma
acteristics of Automotive Engine Oils
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D6593 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
D5119 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-
Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gaso-
line and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty
Conditions
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
theASTM website. www.astm.org.
D4485−14
D6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of D7484 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Diesel Engine Oil at 135 °C Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB
Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
D6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High
D7528 Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by
Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P
ROBO Apparatus
Test Procedure
D7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine
D6709 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test
OilsintheSequenceVIIISpark-IgnitionEngine(CLROil
Procedure
Test Engine)
D7563 Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine
D6750 Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a
Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Proce-
D7589 Test Method for Measurement of Effects ofAutomo-
dure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel
tive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and
Sulfur)
Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition En-
D6794 Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability
gine
of Engine Oils After Treatment with Various Amounts of
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Water and a Long (6 h) Heating Time
Determine Conformance with Specifications
D6795 Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:
and a Short (30 min) Heating Time
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service
D6837 Test Method for Measurement of Effects ofAutomo-
Classification
tive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and
SAE J300 Engine Oil Classification
Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIB Spark Ignition En-
SAE J1423 Passenger Car and Light-Duty Truck Energy-
gine
Conserving Engine Oil Classification
D6838 Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot Test
SAE J2643 Standard Reference Elastomers (SRE) for Char-
D6891 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
acterizing the Effects on Vulcanized Rubber
Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine
2.3 American Petroleum Institute Publication:
D6894 TestMethodforEvaluationofAerationResistanceof
API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System
Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive
(EOLCS)
Diesel Engine
D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and
2.4 Government Standard:
Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-
DOD CID A-A-52039A (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, and 15W-
ture
40)
D6922 Test Method for Determination of Homogeneity and
2.5 American Chemical Council Code:
Miscibility in Automotive Engine Oils
ACC Petroleum Additives Product Approval Code of Prac-
D6923 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High
tice
Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R
Test Procedure
3. Terminology
D6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR Test
3.1 Definitions:
D6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
3.1.1 automotive, adj—descriptive of equipment associated
Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by
D6987/D6987M Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel En-
internal combustion engines.
gine Oils in T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel
Engine
3.1.2 category, n—in engine oils, a designation such as SJ,
D7097 Test Method for Determination of Moderately High
SL, SM, SN, CH-4, CI-4, CJ-4, Energy Conserving, Resource
Temperature Piston Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation En- Conserving, and so forth, for a given level of performance in
gine Oil Simulation Test—TEOST MHT specified engine and bench tests.
D7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-
3.1.3 classification, n—in engine oils, the systematic ar-
ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at
rangementintocategoriesinaccordancewithdifferentlevelsof
30 and 90 Cycles
performance in specified engine and bench tests.
D7156 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
D7216 Test Method for DeterminingAutomotive Engine Oil
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096–0001.
D7320 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine 7
Available fromAmerican Chemical Council, 1300Wilson Blvd.,Arlington,VA
D7468 Test Method for Cummins ISM Test 22209.
D4485−14
3.1.4 heavy duty, adj—in internal combustion engine temperature service prior to 1988, particularly with regard to
operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and oil thickening and valve train wear. (Alternatives are Test
internal temperatures that are generally close to the potential Method D6984, the Sequence IIIF test, orTest Method D7320,
maximums. the Sequence IIIG test.)
4.1.1.3 Test Method D5302, the Sequence VE gasoline
3.1.5 heavy-duty engine, n—in internal combustion engine
engine test, has been correlated with vehic
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4485 − 11c D4485 − 14
Standard Specification for
Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This specification covers all the currently active American Petroleum Institute (API) engine oil
performance categories that have been defined in accordance with the ASTM consensus process. There
are organizations with specifications not subject to the ASTM consensus process, such as the
International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC), American Petroleum
Institute (API – SM, SN Specifications), and the Association des Constructeurs Europeans d’
Automobiles (ACEA). Certain of these specifications, which have been defined primarily by the use
of current ASTM test methods, have also been included in the Appendixes for information.
In the ASTM system, a specific API designation is assigned to each category. The system is
open-ended, that is, new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of oil
performance characteristics are defined. Oil categories may be referenced by engine builders in
making lubricant recommendations, and used by lubricant suppliers and customers in identifying
products for specific applications. Where applicable, candidate oil programs are conducted in
accordance with the American Chemistry Council (ACC) Petroleum Additives Product Approval Code
of Practice.
Other service categories not shown in this document have historically been used to describe engine
oil performance (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH and CA, CB, CC, CD, CD-II, CE, CF, CF-2, CF-4,
CG-4) (see 3.1.2). SA is not included because it does not have specified engine performance
requirements. SH is not included because it was a category that could not be licensed for gasoline
engine oil use in the API Service Symbol after Dec. 2, 2010. (Note—The SH category has been
included in Appendix X8 as relevant information in combination with “C” categories.) The others are
not included because they are based on test methods for which engine parts, test fuel, or reference oils,
or a combination thereof, are no longer available. Also, the ASTM 5-Car and Sequence VI Procedures
are obsolete and have been deleted from the category Energy Conserving and Energy Conserving II
(defined by Sequence VI). Information on excluded older categories and obsolete test requirements
can be found in SAE J183.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety of
operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment.
1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn mowers,
motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or oceangoing vessels.
1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils
in actual service engines operating with gasoline or diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it is based on engine
test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in gasoline engine Sequence Tests that
defined engine oil categories prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects of engine oil performance are evaluated
by the engine tests in this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under
actual operating conditions.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2012January 2015. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
D4485D4485 – 11c.–11b. DOI: 10.1520/D4485-11C.10.1520/D4485-14.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4485 − 14
1.4 This specification includes bench and chemical tests that help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not covered
by the engine tests in this specification.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 Exceptions—Exceptions:
1.5.1.1 The roller follower shaft wear in Test Method D5966 is in mils. Some of the appendixes are verbatim from other sources,
and non-SI units are included.
1.5.1.2 The bearing wear in Test Method D6709 is in grams and is described as weight loss, a non-SI term.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered
Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry
D5119 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between –5 °C and –35 °C Using Cold-Cranking
Simulator
D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-Ignition
Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn
2003)
D5480 Test Method for Engine Oil Volatility by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2003)
D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary
Viscometer
D5533 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIE, Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)
D5800 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)
D5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
D6082 Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence
VIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
D6335 Test Method for Determination of High Temperature Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test
D6417 Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D6483 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-9 Diesel Engine (Withdrawn 2009)
D6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils
D6593 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
D4485 − 14
Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
D6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 °C
D6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test
Procedure
D6709 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test
Engine)
D6750 Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel
Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
D6794 Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Various Amounts of Water and
a Long (6 h) Heating Time
D6795 Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short
(30 min) Heating Time
D6837 Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty
Trucks in Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine
D6838 Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot Test
D6891 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine
D6894 Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel
Engine
D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D6922 Test Method for Determination of Homogeneity and Miscibility in Automotive Engine Oils
D6923 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test
Procedure
D6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR Test
D6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
D6987/D6987M Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
D7097 Test Method for Determination of Moderately High Temperature Piston Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil
Simulation Test—TEOST MHT
D7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90
Cycles
D7156 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
D7216 Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers
D7320 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
D7468 Test Method for Cummins ISM Test
D7484 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB
Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
D7528 Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus
D7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure
D7563 Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
D7589 Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty
Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification
SAE J300 Engine Oil Classification
SAE J1423 Passenger Car and Light-Duty Truck Energy-Conserving Engine Oil Classification
SAE J2643 Standard Reference Elastomers (SRE) for Characterizing the Effects on Vulcanized Rubber
2.3 American Petroleum Institute Publication:
API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System (EOLCS)
2.4 Government Standard:
DOD CID A-A-52039A (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, and 15W-40)
2.5 American Chemical Council Code:
ACC Petroleum Additives Product Approval Code of Practice
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096–0001.
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Available from American Chemical Council, 1300 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209.
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3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 automotive, adj—descriptive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by internal
combustion engines.
3.1.2 category, n—in engine oils, a designation such as SJ, SL, SM, SN, CH-4, CI-4, CJ-4, Energy Conserving, Resource
Conserving, and so forth, for a given level of performance in specified engine and bench tests.
3.1.3 classification, n—in engine oils, the systematic arrangement into categories in accordance with different levels of
performance in specified engine and bench tests.
3.1.4 heavy duty, adj—in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and interna
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