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ASTM E2820-11

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Thermal EMF Properties of Base-Metal Thermocouple Connectors

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Thermal EMF Properties of Base-Metal Thermocouple Connectors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A thermocouple connector, exposed to a temperature difference, contributes to the output of a thermocouple circuit. The output uncertainty allocated to the connector depends on the connector design and temperature gradient.
Connector performance can be classified based on the results of this method and used as part of a component specification.
The method can be used as an engineering tool for evaluating different connector designs tested under similar thermal conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes a thermal emf test method for base-metal thermocouple connectors including Types E, J, K, N and T. Standard connectors such as found in Specifications E1129/E1129M and E1684 as well as non-standard connector configurations and connector components can be evaluated using this method.
1.2 The measured emf is reported as an equivalent temperature deviation or error relative to a reference thermocouple of the same type. This method can be used to verify deviations introduced by the connector greater than or equal to 1°C.
1.3 The connector is tested with thermocouple contacts axially aligned with a temperature gradient using a specified thermal boundary condition. The actual temperature difference developed across the connector and corresponding error will depend on the connector design.
1.4 Connector contacts are often fabricated from raw materials having temperature-emf relationships in accordance with Specification E230. However, verifying Specification E230 tolerances is not within the scope of this method.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
E20 - Temperature Measurement
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2820-13 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Thermal EMF Properties of Base-Metal Thermocouple Connectors
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM E1129/E1129M-19 - Standard Specification for Thermocouple Connectors
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM E1684/E1684M-19 - Standard Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connectors
Effective Date
01-May-2011

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ASTM E2820-11 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Thermal EMF Properties of Base-Metal Thermocouple ConnectorsASTM E2820-11 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Thermal EMF Properties of Base-Metal Thermocouple Connectors
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ASTM E2820-11 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Thermal EMF Properties of Base-Metal Thermocouple Connectors
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2820 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Evaluating Thermal EMF Properties of Base-Metal
Thermocouple Connectors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
Comparison Techniques
1.1 This standard describes a thermal emf test method for
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
base-metal thermocouple connectors including Types E, J, K,
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
N and T. Standard connectors such as found in Specifications
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
E1129/E1129M and E1684 as well as non-standard connector
etry
configurations and connector components can be evaluated
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
using this method.
as a Reference Temperature
1.2 The measured emf is reported as an equivalent tempera-
E1129/E1129M Specification for Thermocouple Connectors
ture deviation or error relative to a reference thermocouple of
E1684 Specification for Miniature Thermocouple Connec-
the same type. This method can be used to verify deviations
tors
introduced by the connector greater than or equal to 1°C.
E2488 Guide for the Preparation and Evaluation of Liquid
1.3 The connector is tested with thermocouple contacts Baths Used for Temperature Calibration by Comparison
axially aligned with a temperature gradient using a specified
3. Terminology
thermal boundary condition. The actual temperature difference
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given inTerminology E344
developed across the connector and corresponding error will
apply to the terms used in this standard.
depend on the connector design.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 Connector contacts are often fabricated from raw mate-
rials having temperature-emf relationships in accordance with
4.1 The connector is tested as part of a thermocouple circuit
Specification E230. However, verifying Specification E230
and compared to a reference thermocouple of the same type
tolerances is not within the scope of this method.
and material lot.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.2 Measurements are made while the connector is sub-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
jected to a temperature gradient established by a specified
standard.
boundary condition.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Performance is evaluated at a fixed position within a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dry-well furnace or stirred liquid bath (Method 1 or 2A
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
respectively) or variable position within a stirred liquid bath
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(Method 2B). The latter method can be used to survey the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
connectortoidentifyapositionwithinthethermalgradientthat
produces a maximum output deviation.
2. Referenced Documents
4.4 Results are interpreted relative to the properties of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reference thermocouple.
5. Significance and Use
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on 5.1 A thermocouple connector, exposed to a temperature
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.04
difference, contributes to the output of a thermocouple circuit.
on Thermocouples.
The output uncertainty allocated to the connector depends on
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011 DOI: 10.1520/
the connector design and temperature gradient.
E2820–11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Connector performance can be classified based on the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
results of this method and used as part of a component
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specification.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2820 − 11
5.3 The method can be used as an engineering tool for 7.1 Review the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before
evaluating different connector designs tested under similar using a fluid in a temperature-controlled bath. Temperature
thermal conditions.
limits, flammability, vapor pressure, toxicity and chemical
stability are important factors in determining a suitable fluid.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The apparatus includes a temperature source, thermo-
8. Preparation of Apparatus
couple readout device or voltmeter and ice-bath as shown in
8.1 The apparatus requires a dual thermocouple circuit with
Fig.1andFig.2.Anice-bathisneededonlyifthereadoutdoes
a common measuring junction. The circuit shall be fabricated
not provide cold junction compensation.
from the same spool of wire. Except for the connector under
6.2 The thermocouple readout device or voltmeter shall
test, the length of wire shall be continuous without splices or
have two or more channels and have equivalent temperature
other connections between the measuring junction and the
resolution of at least 0.1°C. The difference between channels
readout device.
shall not exceed the equivalent of 0.1°C when supplied with
the same voltage input.
8.2 The thermocouple wire shall carry the same letter
designation (for example, Type K) as the connector under test.
6.3 The temperature source heats the measuring junctions
The wire shall conform to the special tolerance in Specification
and produces a temperature gradient across the connector. The
E230 over the range of 0°C to the maximum specified
source is either a dry-well furnace or stirred liquid bath
connector test temperature. The wire size shall be 24 gage (0.5
depending on the specified method.
mm) unless specified otherwise.
6.3.1 Method 1—a temperature controlled dry-well furnace
with an immersion depth of at least 100 mm and the capability
8.3 The test connector shall be installed approximately 70
of maintaining the specified test temperature within 1°C.
mm from the measuring junction. When testing in a dry-well
6.3.2 Method 2—atemperaturecontrolledstirredliquidbath
furnace per Method 1, a thermally and electrically insulating
ofnon-conductivefluidwithanimmersiondepthofatleast150
gasket shall be used to seal the furnace entrance, accentuating
mmandthecapabilityofmaintainingthespecifiedtemperature
the temperature gradient across the connector. Placing the
within 1°C. Comparison calibration baths as described in
gasket between the plug and jack is generally the easiest way
Guide E2488 are suitable for this test.
to control the position of the connector within the temperature
7. Hazards gradient (Fig. 3–a).
FIG. 1 Test Schematic Using a Readout Device with Cold Junction Compensation, Providing Temperature Indications of the Test Ther-
mocouple T and Reference Thermocouple T
test ref
E2820 − 11
FIG. 2 Test Schematic Using a Voltmeter and Reference Junctions at 0°C
8.4 When testing per Method 2 in a liquid bath, the 9. Procedure
connector and a portion of the thermocouple shall be attached
9.1 Set up the temperature source for the specified test
to an insulating rod to support the sample during the test (Fig.
condition (Table 1).
3–b).
9.2 Conn
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard provides a description of test methods used in other ASTM specifications to establish certain acceptable methods for characterizing thermocouple assemblies and thermocouple cable. These test methods define how those characteristics shall be determined.  
5.2 The usefulness and purpose of the included tests are given for the category of tests.  
5.3 Warning—Users should be aware that certain characteristics of thermocouples might change with time and use. If a thermocouple’s designed shipping, storage, installation, or operating temperature has been exceeded, that thermocouple’s moisture seal may have been compromised and may no longer adequately prevent the deleterious intrusion of water vapor. Consequently, the thermocouple’s condition established by test at the time of manufacture may not apply later. In addition, inhomogeneities can develop in thermoelements because of exposure to higher temperatures, even in cases where maximum exposure temperatures have been lower than the suggested upper use temperature limits specified in Table 1 of Specification E608/E608M. For this reason, calibration of thermocouples destined for delivery to a customer is not recommended. Because the emf indication of any thermocouple depends upon the condition of the thermoelements along their entire length, as well as the temperature profile pattern in the region of any inhomogeneity, the emf output of a used thermocouple will be unique to its installation. Because temperature profiles in calibration equipment are unlikely to duplicate those of the installation, removal of a used thermocouple to a separate apparatus for calibration is not recommended. Instead, in situ calibration by comparison to a similar thermocouple known to be good is often recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 This document lists methods for testing Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed (MIMS) thermocouple assemblies and thermocouple cable, but does not require that any of these tests be performed nor does it state criteria for acceptance. The acceptance criteria are given in other ASTM standard specifications that impose this testing for those thermocouples and cable. Examples from ASTM thermocouple specifications for acceptance criteria are given for many of the tests. These tabulated values are not necessarily those that would be required to meet these tests, but are included as examples only.  
1.2 These tests are intended to support quality control and to evaluate the suitability of sheathed thermocouple cable or assemblies for specific applications. Some alternative test methods to obtain the same information are given, since in a given situation, an alternative test method may be more practical. Service conditions are widely variable, so it is unlikely that all the tests described will be appropriate for a given thermocouple application. A brief statement is made following each test description to indicate when it might be used.  
1.3 The tests described herein include test methods to measure the following properties of sheathed thermocouple material and assemblies.  
1.3.1 Insulation Properties:  
1.3.1.1 Compaction—direct method, absorption method, and tension method.
1.3.1.2 Thickness.
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1.3.2.2 Dimensions—length, diameter, and roundness.
1.3.2.3 Wall thickness.
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1.3.2.5 Metallurgical structure.
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1.3.3.1 Calibration.
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1.3.3.3 Drift.
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1.3.3.5 Thermoelement spacing.
1.3.3.6 Thermoelement ductility.
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Standard Guide for Use of Water Triple Point Cells

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4.1 This guide describes a procedure for placing a water triple-point cell in service and for using it as a reference temperature in thermometer calibration.  
4.2 The reference temperature attained is that of a fundamental state of pure water, the equilibrium between coexisting solid, liquid, and vapor phases.  
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4.4 The temperature to be attributed to a qualified water triple-point cell is exactly 273.16 K on the ITS-90, unless corrected for isotopic composition (refer to Appendix X3).  
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4.6 The commercially available triple point of water cells described in this standard are capable of achieving an expanded uncertainty (k=2) of between ±0.1 mK and ±0.05 mK, depending upon the method of preparation. Specified measurement procedures shall be followed to achieve these levels of uncertainty.  
4.7 Commercially-available triple point of water cells of unknown isotopic composition should be capable of achieving an expanded uncertainty (k=2) of no greater than 0.25 mK, depending upon the actual isotopic composition (3). These types of cells are acceptable for use at this larger value of uncertainty.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the nature of two commercial water triple-point cells (types A and B, see Fig. 1) and provides a method for preparing the cell to realize the water triple-point and calibrate thermometers. The qualifications concerning preparation and the types of glass used for a cell are discussed. Tests for assuring the integrity of a qualified cell and of cells yet to be qualified are given. Precautions for handling the cell to avoid breakage are also described.  
FIG. 1 Configurations of two commonly used triple point of water cells, Type A and Type B, with ice mantle prepared for measurement at the ice/water equilibrium temperature. The cells are used immersed in an ice bath or water bath controlled close to 0.01 °C (see 5.5)  
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Standard Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples

ABSTRACT
This specification contains reference tables that give temperature-electromotive force (emf) relationships for types B, E, J, K, N, R, S, T, and C thermocouples. These are the thermocouple types most commonly used in industry. Thermocouples and matched thermocouple wire pairs are normally supplied to the tolerances on initial values of emf versus temperature. Color codes for insulation on thermocouple grade materials, along with corresponding thermocouple and thermoelement letter designations are given. Four types of tables are presented: general tables, EMF versus temperature tables for thermocouples, EMF versus temperature tables for thermoelements, and supplementary tables.
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1.2 In addition, the specification includes standard and special tolerances on initial values of emf versus temperature for thermocouples (Table 1), thermocouple extension wires (Table 2), and compensating extension wires for thermocouples (Table 3). Users should note that the stated tolerances apply only to the temperature ranges specified for the thermocouple types as given in Tables 1, 2, and 3, and do not apply to the temperature ranges covered in Tables 8 to 25.  
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5.1 This test method is intended to be used by wire producers and thermocouple manufacturers for certification of refractory metal thermocouples. It is intended to provide a consistent method for calibration of refractory metal thermocouples referenced to a calibrated radiation thermometer. Uncertainty in calibration and operation of the radiation thermometer, and proper construction and use of the test furnace are of primary importance.  
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1.2.2 Type 2—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements.  
1.2.3 Type 2A—Assemblies in which loose fitting ceramic insulating pieces, such as single-bore or double-bore tubes, are placed over the thermoelements, permanently enclosed and sealed in a loose fitting metal or ceramic tube.  
1.2.4 Type 3—Swaged assemblies in which a refractory insulating powder is compressed around the thermoelements and encased in a thin-walled tube or sheath made of a high melting point metal or alloy.  
1.2.5 Type 4—Thermocouple assemblies in which one thermoelement is in the shape of a closed-end protection tube and the other thermoelement is a solid wire or rod that is coaxially supported inside the closed-end tube. The space between the two thermoelements can be filled with an inert or reducing gas, or with ceramic insulating materials, or kept under vacuum.  
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This specification covers the requirements for sheathed, Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear service. This specification can be used for sheathed thermocouples which are required for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples are as follows: Style G2 (grounded) in which measuring junction is electrically connected to conductive sheaths and Style U2 (ungrounded) in which measuring junctions are electrically isolated from conductive sheaths and from reference ground. Different properties of the sheath such as integrity, cracks, voids, inclusions, surface finish, surface defect, and metallurgical structure shall be determined by performing different tests. Insulation resistance between thermoelements and the sheath shall be measured as well.
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for simplex, compacted mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear or other high reliability service. Depending on size, these thermocouples are normally suitable for operating temperatures to 1652 °F [900 °C]; special conditions of environment and life expectancy may permit their use at temperatures in excess of 2012 °F [1100 °C]. This specification was prepared to detail requirements for this type of MIMS thermocouple for use in nuclear environments, but they can also be used for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The intended use of a MIMS thermocouple in a specific nuclear application will require evaluation of the compatibility of the thermocouple, including the effect of the temperature, atmosphere, and integrated neutron flux on the materials and accuracy of the thermoelements in the proposed application by the purchaser.  
1.2 This specification does not attempt to include all possible specifications, standards, etc., for materials that may be used as sheathing, insulation, and thermocouple wires for sheathed-type construction. The requirements of this specification include only the austenitic stainless steels and other alloys as allowed by Specification E585/E585M for sheathing, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide as insulation, and Type K and N thermocouple wires for thermoelements (see Note 1).  
1.3 General Design—Nominal sizes of the finished thermocouples shall be 0.0400 in., 0.0625 in., 0.125 in., 0.1875 in., or 0.250 in. [1.000 mm, 1.500 mm, 3.000 mm, 4.500 mm, or 6.000 mm]. Sheath dimensions and tolerances for each nominal size shall be in accordance with Table 1 and Figs. 1 and 2. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples covered by this specification are as follows:  
FIG. 1 Grounded Measuring Junction, Style G  
FIG. 2 Ungrounded Measuring Junction, Style U  
1.3.1 Style G2  (grounded)—The measuring junction is electrically connected to its conductive sheath, and  
1.3.2 Style U2 (ungrounded)—The measuring junction is electrically isolated from its conductive sheath and from reference ground.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents or conversions; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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This specification establishes the required material, processing and testing requirements, and also the optional supplementary testing and quality assurance and verification choices for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed, base metal thermocouple cables with at least two thermoelements. The material of construction includes standard base metal thermoelements, austenitic stainless steel or other corrosion resistant sheath material, and either magnesia (MgO) or alumina (Al2O3) insulation. The required tests to which the thermocouple cables shall undergo for quality verification are dimensions, insulation resistance at room temperature, calibration, electrical continuity, insulation density, sheath integrity, and EMF versus temperature values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compacted, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), base metal thermocouple cable,2 with at least two thermoelements.3  
1.2 This specification describes the required material, processing and testing requirements, optional supplementary testing, quality assurance, and verification choices.  
1.3 The material of construction includes standard base metal thermoelements, austenitic stainless steel or other corrosion resistant sheath material, and either magnesia (MgO) or alumina (Al2O3) insulation.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1350-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Testing Sheathed Thermocouples, Thermocouple Assemblies, and Connecting Wires Prior to, and After Installation or Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test procedures confirm and document that the thermocouple assembly was not damaged prior to or during the installation process and that the extension wires are properly connected.  
5.2 The test procedures should be used when thermocouple assemblies are first installed in their working environment.  
5.3 In the event of subsequent thermocouple failure, these procedures will provide benchmark data to verify failure and may help to identify the cause of failure.  
5.4 The usefulness and purpose of the applicable tests will be found within each category.  
5.5 These tests are not meant to ensure that the thermocouple assembly will measure temperatures accurately. Such assurance is derived from proper thermocouple and instrumentation selection and proper placement in the location at which the temperature is to be measured. For further information, the reader is directed to MNL 12, Manual on the Use of the Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement2 which is an excellent reference document on metal sheathed thermocouple uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for users to test metal sheathed thermocouple assemblies, including the extension wires just prior to and after installation or some period of service.  
1.2 The tests are intended to ensure that the thermocouple assemblies have not been damaged during storage or installation, to ensure that the extension wires have been attached to connectors and terminals with the correct polarity, and to provide benchmark data for later reference when testing to assess possible damage of the thermocouple assembly after operation. Some of these tests may not be appropriate for thermocouples that have been exposed to temperatures higher than the recommended limits for the particular type.  
1.3 The tests described herein include methods to measure the following characteristics of installed sheathed thermocouple assemblies and to provide benchmark data for determining if the thermocouple assembly has been subsequently damaged in operation:  
1.3.1 Loop Resistance:  
1.3.1.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.1.2 Combined extension wires and thermoelements.  
1.3.2 Insulation Resistance:  
1.3.2.1 Insulation, thermocouple assembly,
1.3.2.2 Insulation, thermocouple assembly and extension wires.  
1.3.3 Seebeck Voltage:  
1.3.3.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.3.2 Combined extension wires and thermocouple assembly.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E696-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy Thermocouple Wire

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for bare solid conductors made of tungsten and rhenium alloy thermoelements supplied in matched pairs. These thermoelements shall be suitable for use in either bead-insulated, bare-wire thermocouples, or in compacted metal-sheathed, ceramic insulated thermocouple material or assemblies. Unless otherwise noted, all information in this specification applies to both thermocouple combinations of tungsten-3 % rhenium versus tungsten-25 % rhenium (W3Re/W25Re) and tungsten-5 % rhenium versus tungsten-26 % rhenium (W5Re/W26Re; Type C). Thermoelements should meet specified physical, mechanical, thermoelectric, and compositional requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for bare, solid conductor, tungsten and rhenium alloy thermoelements having diameters of 0.127 mm (0.005 in.) to 0.508 mm (0.020 in.) supplied in matched pairs. These thermoelements shall be suitable for use either in bead-insulated, bare-wire thermocouples, or in compacted metal-sheathed, ceramic insulated thermocouple material or assemblies.  
1.2 This specification covers the thermocouple combinations of tungsten-3 % rhenium versus tungsten-25 % rhenium (W3Re/W25Re) and tungsten-5 % rhenium versus tungsten-26 % rhenium (W5Re/W26Re; Type C). All information applies to both combinations unless otherwise noted.  
1.3 It is recognized that the alloys described are refractory and are not suitable for use at high temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres. All tests and processes described herein must be performed under conditions that are non-reactive to tungsten-rhenium alloys.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2593-17(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Accuracy Verification of Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to be used for verifying the resistance-temperature relationship of industrial platinum resistance thermometers that are intended to satisfy the requirements of Specification E1137/E1137M. It is intended to provide a consistent method for calibration and uncertainty evaluation while still allowing the user some flexibility in the choice of apparatus and instrumentation. It is understood that the limits of uncertainty obtained depend in large part upon the apparatus and instrumentation used. Therefore, since this guide is not prescriptive in approach, it provides detailed instruction in uncertainty evaluation to accommodate the variety of apparatus and instrumentation that may be employed.  
5.2 This guide is intended primarily to satisfy applications requiring compliance to Specification E1137/E1137M. However, the techniques described may be appropriate for applications where more accurate calibrations are needed.  
5.3 Many applications require tolerances to be verified using a minimum test uncertainty ratio (TUR). This standard provides guidelines for evaluating uncertainties used to support TUR calculations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the techniques and apparatus required for the accuracy verification of industrial platinum resistance thermometers constructed in accordance with Specification E1137/E1137M and the evaluation of calibration uncertainties. The procedures described apply over the range of -200 °C to 650 °C.  
1.2 This guide does not intend to describe procedures necessary for the calibration of platinum resistance thermometers used as calibration standards or Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers. Consequently, calibration of these types of instruments is outside the scope of this guide.  
1.3 Industrial platinum resistance thermometers are available in many styles and configurations. This guide does not purport to determine the suitability of any particular design, style, or configuration for calibration over a desired temperature range.  
1.4 The evaluation of uncertainties is based upon current international practices as described in JCGM 100:2008 “Evaluation of measurement data—Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” and ANSI/NCSL Z540.2-1997 “U.S. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement.”  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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