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ASTM C780-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry

Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the sampling and testing of mortars for composition and for their plastic and hardened properties, either before or during their actual use in construction.
1.2 Preconstruction evaluation of mortars facilitates a comparison of mortar systems and an approximation, by more complete identification, of the mortar mixture which will be produced at the construction project. The preconstruction laboratory investigation allows establishment of the compatibility of the individual materials in the mortar and the general strength characteristics of the mixture.
1.3 Construction-site testing procedures allow to establish conformance to the proportion specifications and quality control of mortar production. Mix-composition measurements allow the rapid assessment of conformance with the proportion specification and quality control, whereas later-age strength testing provides verification that the mortar ingredients are compatible and are performing normally.
1.4 The test results obtained under this test method are not required to meet the minimum compressive values in accordance with the property specifications in Specification C270.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2000
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C12 - Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry
Drafting Committee
C12.02 - Research and Methods of Test
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C780-02 - Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002

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ASTM C780-00 - Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit MasonryASTM C780-00 - Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry
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ASTM C780-00 - Standard Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: C 780 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for
1
Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 780; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This test method provides a standard procedure for sampling and testing mortars for composition
and plastic and hardened properties, either before or during actual construction. The procedures
outlined in the Annexes are considered applicable for evaluating various combinations of portland
cement, lime, and masonry cement for mortars common to plain and reinforced unit masonry
construction.
The test procedures describe methods for the measurement of mortar composition and mortar
properties. No attempt is made to claim or substantiate specific correlations between the measured
properties and mortar performance in the masonry. However, data from these test methods can be
combined with other information to formulate judgments about the quality of the masonry.
Testing using these procedures is limited to the preconstruction evaluation of masonry mortars
within the laboratory, to the evaluation of masonry mortars at the construction site, and in establishing
the degree of quality control exercised during mortar production at the construction site.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the sampling and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
testing of mortars for composition and for their plastic and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hardened properties, either before or during their actual use in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards
construction.
statements, see Section 8.
1.2 Preconstruction evaluation of mortars facilitates a com-
parison of mortar systems and an approximation, by more
2. Referenced Documents
complete identification, of the mortar mixture which will be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
produced at the construction project. The preconstruction
C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
laboratory investigation allows establishment of the compat-
2
Concrete Specimens
ibility of the individual materials in the mortar and the general
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
strength characteristics of the mixture.
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube
1.3 Construction-site testing procedures allow to establish
3
Specimens)
conformance to the proportion specifications and quality con-
C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
trol of mortar production. Mix-composition measurements
2
Fine Aggregate
allow the rapid assessment of conformance with the proportion
C 173 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
specification and quality control, whereas later-age strength
2
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
testing provides verification that the mortar ingredients are
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
compatible and are performing normally.
3
Cement
1.4 The test results obtained under this test method are not
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
required to meet the minimum compressive values in accor-
2
Concrete by the Pressure Method
dance with the property specifications in Specification C 270.
4
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
C 470 Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C12 on Mortars
for Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C12.02 on
2
Research and Methods of Test. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
e1 4
published as C 780–74. Last previous edition C 780–96 . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 780
2
Cylinders Vertically batches are sampled and used in establishing the plastic and
C 496 Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylin- hardened properties of the mixtures. Because all the trial
2
drical Concrete Specimens mixtures are prebatched by weight, additional characteristics of
C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and the mortars may be calculated and used in an analysis of mortar
Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic performance.
3
Cements and Concretes
4.2 During actual construction, evaluation of
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers unit masonry mortars whose material and design requirements are governed by a referenced ASTM document stated herein, but are preblended dry in a factory instead of produced from individual raw materials delivered to the job-site. Because field sampling, testing, directly comparable test results, packaging, and traceability of ingredients of preblended dry mortar mix differ from job site mixed mortars, this specification particularly addresses these issues, along with the tight control of ingredient ratios possible with preblended dry mortars.
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1.1 This specification covers masonry mortars whose materials and design requirements are governed by Specification C270 but are preblended dry in a factory instead of produced from individual raw materials delivered to the job-site.  
1.2 The field-sampling, testing, directly comparable test results, packaging, and the traceability of ingredients of preblended dry mortar mix differ from job site mixed mortars and this standard specifically addresses these issues. The tight control of ingredient ratios possible with preblended dry mortar is also covered.  
1.3 The text of this specification refers to notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered the requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)  
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ASTM C780-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Unit Masonry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During preconstruction and construction evaluations, use of these test methods establishes specific and overall performance characteristics for the mortar system.  
5.2 Preconstruction testing of mortars prebatched by weight provides information for the selection of the individual mortar system best suited for the masonry to be constructed. The recommended tests and their significance are as follows:  
5.2.1 Consistency determinations by cone penetration (Annex A1) allow gaging the water additions for all mortars included in the preconstruction test series. Even if the mortar consistency as measured at the construction site is at a different penetration value than those measured during the preconstruction tests, the cone preparation test serves to standardize water additions for mortars being considered as alternatives before construction. Additional testing of mortar water content-consistency relationships (Annex A4) will allow relating these two factors to batch-to-batch variations at the construction site.  
5.2.2 Consistency retention by cone penetration (Annex A2) using disturbed or undisturbed mortar samples provides a means of establishing the early-age setting and stiffening characteristics of the mortars. Because laboratory testing is conducted under static climatic conditions, consistency retention test results reflect the relative performance of the mortar systems under test. The same general relationships are expected to hold during testing at the construction project, except as they are influenced by jobsite weather conditions.  
5.2.3 Mortar water-content determinations (Annex A4) allow measurement of the water content of the mortar mixture. Mortars prebatched using moist masonry sand may be mathematically analyzed for mortar water content; however, this test, when used for preconstruction evaluation, establishes the effectiveness of the test method and serves as the control or base for tests performed at the construction site.  
5.2.4 Mortar ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of mortars for composition and for their plastic and hardened properties, either before or during their actual use in construction.
Note 1: Guide C1586 provides guidance on evaluating mortar and clarifies the purpose of both these test methods and Specification C270.
Note 2: The testing agency performing these test methods should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.  
1.2 Preconstruction Evaluation—These test methods permit comparisons of mortars made from different materials under simulated field conditions. They are also used to establish baseline values for comparative evaluation of field mortars.  
1.3 Construction Evaluation—Use of these methods in the field provide a means for quality assurance of field-mixed mortar. They include methods for verifying the mortar mix proportions, comparing test results for field mortars to preconstruction testing, and determining batch-to-batch uniformity of the mortar.  
1.4 The test results obtained under these test methods are not required to meet the minimum compressive values in accordance with the property specifications in Specification C270.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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ASTM C1713-23(Specification)
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1.1 This specification covers mortar for the repair of masonry constructed with methods and materials that pre-date the origination of current standards of construction. The mortar may be used for non-structural purposes such as repointing of the masonry, or for structural purposes such as, but not restricted to, re-construction or repair of mortar joints that contribute to the structural integrity of the masonry.  
1.2 Masonry includes the following units laid in mortar: (1) cast stone, (2) clay brick and tile, (3) concrete masonry, (4) natural stone, (5) terra cotta, and (6) calcium silicate.  
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1.5 This specification provides a basis for the design of an appropriate mortar formulation based upon performance, material and aesthetic requirements. Use of this specification requires a thorough understanding of the function, maintenance, and repair requirements for the preservation and continued performance of the masonry assembly in the context of the assembly’s structure, water management, and long-term performance.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of grout, fine and coarse grout, for use in the construction of masonry structures. Grout is specified by proportions or strength requirements. Materials used as ingredients in grout shall conform to the requirements specified such as: cementitious materials; blended cements; quicklime; hydrated lime; coal fly ash or raw calcine natural pozzolan; granulated blast furnace slag; air-entraining admixtures; aggregates; water; pumping aids; antifreeze compounds; and storage of materials. Fine grout shall be manufactured with fine aggregates. Coarse grout shall be manufactured with a combination of coarse and fine aggregates. Proportions of ingredients shall be determined by grout proportion requirements and by the specified compressive strength. Materials for grout shall be measured in such a way that the required proportions of the grout materials are controlled and accurately measured. Grout shall be produced using one of the following procedures: grout materials mixed with water at the job site and ready-mixed grout transported to the job site.
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4.1 This test method provides a laboratory procedure for determining the relative water absorption properties over time of mortars used for masonry construction. Because the specimens are made under laboratory conditions and do not take into account the effect of the masonry substrate or field mixing procedures, this method is not intended for field use. Data generated from this test method may be useful for determining the relative effectiveness of water repellent admixtures or the effect of other admixtures or mortar components on the water repellency of a mortar. However, use caution in interpreting the results. While the resistance of masonry to water penetration may be related to the water absorption of the mortar, it also depends on other factors, such as the workmanship, extent of bond, and the properties of the masonry units and mortar.
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1.1 This test method covers a standardized laboratory procedure for determining the relative water absorption by capillary uptake (wicking) characteristics of masonry mortars. This test method is not applicable for determining the effectiveness of water repellent coatings.  
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1.1 This terminology covers terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and explanations of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols specifically associated with standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry.  
1.2 The definitions and descriptions of terms in this terminology pertain to Test Methods C780, C1019, C1148, C1324, and C1403; Specifications C144, C270, C404, C476, C887, and C1384; Practice C946; and Guide C1586.  
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3.1.1 During construction, grout is placed within or between absorptive masonry units. Excess water must be removed from grout specimens in order to provide compressive strength test results more nearly indicative of the grout strength in the wall. In this test method, molds are made from masonry units having the same absorption and moisture content characteristics as those being used in the construction.  
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Note 2: Test results of grout specimens taken from a wall should not be compared to test results obtained with this test method.
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for both field and laboratory sampling and compression testing of grout used in masonry construction. Grout for masonry is specified under Specification C476.
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ASTM C1324-20a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Examination and Analysis of Hardened Masonry Mortar

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides procedures for petrographic examination and chemical analysis of mortar for components of masonry mortar. These components may include portland cement, hydrated calcitic or dolomitic lime, masonry cement, aggregates, and air.  
4.2 The test method consists of procedures and sub-procedures, each requiring a substantial degree of petrographic and chemical skills and relatively elaborate instrumentation.  
4.3 The chemical data considered together with results of petrographic examination of a mortar provide for calculation of component proportions and thus allow a determination of mortar composition as represented by Types M, N, S, and O in Table 1 (Proportion Specification Requirements) of Specification C270.  
4.4 Failure of a mortar to have the composition of any type as defined in Table 1 of Specification C270 does not necessarily mean that the mortar does not meet the requirements of Specification C270. The mortar may meet the alternative requirements of Table 2 (Property Specification Requirements) of Specification C270.  
4.5 The maleic acid method of analysis is not applicable for the analysis of mortar because it is greatly influenced by carbonation and does not provide for the determination of calcium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for petrographic examination and chemical analysis of samples of masonry mortars. Based upon such examination and analysis, proportions of components in masonry mortars can be determined.
Note 1: This method is also applicable to hydraulic cement-based stucco and plaster. Some historic mortars may contain non-resolvable constituents that may interfere. However, significant information may be obtained by petrographic examinations.  
1.2 Interpretations and calculations of chemical results are dependent upon results of the petrographic examination. The use of the chemical results alone is contrary to the requirements of this test method.  
1.3 Procedures for sampling, petrographic examination, chemical analysis, and calculations of component proportions are given in the following sections:    
Section  
Sampling  
7  
Petrographic examination  
8  
Chemical analysis  
9  
Mortar proportion calculations  
10  
Report  
11  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1586-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Quality Assurance of Mortars

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This document is intended to provide guidance and clarification to designers, specifiers, inspectors, testing agencies, producers, and users in specifying and evaluating masonry mortar.  
3.2 Users of documents Specification C270 and Test Method C780 often confuse and sometimes inadvertently misuse parts of the two documents when specifying or evaluating masonry mortar. This guide seeks to address specific items within Specification C270 and Test Method C780 to help promote their proper use and interpretation.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance regarding the proper use of Specification C270 and Test Method C780 for evaluating masonry mortar produced in the laboratory and at the construction site.  
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ASTM C887-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the materials, properties, and packaging of dry, combined materials for use as surface bonding mortar with concrete masonry units that have not been prefaced, coated, or painted. The materials used as ingredients shall consist of the following: cements which shall be a Portland cement, blended hydraulic cement, hydraulic cement, or masonry cement; Type S or SA hydrated lime; Class N, F, or S pozzolan; aggregates; glass fibers; and additives. Physical properties of the packaged materials shall conform to the flexural strength, compressive strength, time of setting, and water retention requirements. The net weight, amount of mixing water, unit weight, and yield of the surface bonding mortar shall be calculated and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the materials, properties, and packaging of dry, combined materials for use as surface bonding mortar with concrete masonry units that have not been prefaced, coated, or painted.  
1.2 This specification does not cover design or application. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations.  
1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification contains the recommended tests for evaluation of surface bonded masonry assemblages used to establish design loads for the composite wall.  
1.4 Appendix X2 through Appendix X5 of this specification contain additional tests that may be performed on surface bonding mortar.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This hazard statement applies only to Section 9 of this specification.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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