ASTM E3007-21

Standard Practice for Selection and Use of Kinetic Reference Values in the Study of Decomposition Reactions by Thermogravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinetic parameters provided in this practice may be used to evaluate the performance of a standard, apparatus, technique or software for the determined mean parameters (such as Test Methods E1641 and E2958). The results obtained by these approaches may be compared to the values provided by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 It is the purpose of this practice to provide kinetic parameters for reference material(s) to be used for evaluation of thermogravimetry methods, apparatus, and software where decomposition mass loss and associated temperature are measured. This practice addresses nth order reactions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2021
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.02 - Reference Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E3007 −21
Standard Practice for
Selection and Use of Kinetic Reference Values in the Study
1
of Decomposition Reactions by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
-1
units of s for comparison to values quoted in this practice using:
1. Scope*
21 21 21
1.1 It is the purpose of this practice to provide kinetic ln A, s 5 ln A, min 1ln 60 s ⁄ min 5 ln A, min 14.094
@ # @ # @ # @ #
parameters for reference material(s) to be used for evaluation
3. Terminology
of thermogravimetry methods, apparatus, and software where
decomposition mass loss and associated temperature are mea-
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this prac-
sured. This practice addresses nth order reactions.
tice are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142, including
Arrhenius equation, derivative, reaction, and thermogravimet-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ric analysis.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.1 decomposition, n—theprocessbywhichasubstanceis
standard.
broken up into constituent parts, elements or simpler com-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pounds.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 kinetics, chemical, n—the study of the dependence of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the chemical reaction rate on temperature and time.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Practice
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Kinetics is the measurement and study of the rate of a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
chemical reaction to the independent parameters of time and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
temperature. This relationship is often described using the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Arrhenius expression, where:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
dα⁄dt 5Af~α! exp @2E/RT# (1)
2. Referenced Documents
and:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
α = fraction reacted (dimensionless),
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
f(α) = some function of α,
-1
ology E = activation energy (J mol ),
-1 -1
R = gas constant (=8.314 J mol K ),
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
T = absolute temperature (K),
E1641 Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermo-
t = time (s),
gravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method
exp = natural logarithm base,
E2958 Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/
-1
dα/dt = fraction reaction rate (s ),
Modulated Thermogravimetry
-1
A = pre-exponential factor (s ), and
NOTE 1—Test Methods E1641 and E2958 determine the pre-
n = reaction order.
-1
exponential factor Ain units of min . These results shall be converted to
4.2 The function f α is commonly in the form:
~ !
n
f α 5 1 2 α (2)
~ ! ~ !
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.02 on Refer-
and is known as an nth order reaction model.
ence Materials.
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally approved
4.3 Eq 1 may be evaluated in either its exponential or
in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3007 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/
logarithmic form:
E3007-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ln@dα/dt# 5 ln@A#1ln@f(α)# 2 E⁄RT (3)
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.4 The study of kinetics involves the determination of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. values of E, A, and n for a given chemical reaction.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3007−21
NOTE 2—Activation energy and pre-exponential factor are not indepen-
6. Hazards
dent parameters.
6.1 Thermally reactive materials evolve decomposition
NOTE 3—The descriptions provided in Eq 1-3 are only mathematical
products as part of the indicated reaction. These products may
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3007 − 15 E3007 − 21
Standard Practice for
Kinetic Values Used to Evaluate Selection and Use of
Kinetic Reference Values in the Study of Decomposition
1
Reactions by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 It is the purpose of this practice to provide kinetic parameters for reference material(s) to be used for evaluation of
thermogravimetry methods, apparatus, and software where decomposition mass loss and associated temperature are measured. This
practice addresses nth order reactions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 There is no International Organization of Standards (ISO) equivalent to this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1641 Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method
E2958 Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated Thermogravimetry
-1 -1
NOTE 1—Test Methods E1641 and E2958 determine the pre-exponential factor Ain units of min . These results shall be converted to units of s for
comparison to values quoted in this practice using:
21 21 21
ln@A, s # 5 ln@A, min #1ln@60 s ⁄ min# 5 ln@A, min #14.094
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.02 on Standard Reference
Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015July 1, 2021. Published July 2015July 2021. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3007 – 15.
DOI: 10.1520/E3007-15.10.1520/E3007-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3007 − 21
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this practice are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142, including
Arrhenius equation, derivative, reaction, and thermogravimetric analysis.
3.1.1 decomposition, n—the process by which a substance is broken up into constituent parts, elements or simpler compounds.
3.1.2 kinetics, chemical, n—the study of the dependence of the chemical reaction rate on temperature and time.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Kinetics is the measurement and study of the rate of a chemical reaction to the independent parameters of time and
temperature. This relationship is often described using the Arrhenius expression, where:
dα⁄dt 5 A f~α! exp @2E/RT# (1)
and:
α = fraction reacted (dimensionless),
f(α) = some function of α,
f(α) = some function of α,
-1
E = activation energy (J mol ),
-1 -1
R = gas constant (= 8.314 J mol K ),
-1 -1
R = gas constant (=8.314 J mol K ),
T = absolute temperature (K),
t = time (s),
exp = natural logarithm base,
-1
dα/dt = fraction reaction rate (s ),
-1
dα/dt = fraction reaction rate (s ),
-1
A = pre-exponential factor (s ), and
n = reaction order.
4.2 The function f~α! is commonly in the form:
n
f α 5 1 2 α (2)
~ ! ~ !
and is known as an nth order reaction model.
4.3 Eq 1 may be evaluated in either its exponential or logarithmic form:
ln dα/dt 5 l
...