ASTM E1877-21

Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Endurance of Materials from Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for the determination of the temperature-decomposition profile of a material.  
5.2 This practice is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.  
5.3 This practice is intended to provide an accelerated thermal endurance estimation in a fraction of the time require for oven-aging tests. The primary product of this practice is the thermal index (temperature) for a selected estimated thermal endurance (time) as derived from material decomposition.  
5.4 Alternatively, the estimated thermal endurance (time) of a material may be estimated from a selected thermal index (temperature).  
5.5 Additionally, the thermal endurance of a material at selected failure time and temperature may be estimated when compared to a reference value for thermal endurance and thermal index obtained from electrical or mechanical oven aging tests.  
5.6 This practice shall not be used for product lifetime predications unless a correlation between test results and actual lifetime has been demonstrated. In many cases, multiple mechanisms occur during the decomposition of a material, with one mechanism dominating over one temperature range, and a different mechanism dominating in a different temperature range. Users of this practice are cautioned to demonstrate for their system that any temperature extrapolations are technically sound.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the determination of thermal endurance, thermal index, and relative thermal index for organic materials using the Arrhenius activation energy generated for thermal decomposition measured by thermogravimetry.  
1.2 This practice is generally applicable to materials with a well-defined thermal decomposition profile upon heating, namely a smooth, continuous mass change.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2021
• ICS: 71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1877 − 21
Standard Practice for
Calculating Thermal Endurance of Materials from
1
Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E2958 Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/
Modulated Thermogravimetry
1.1 This practice describes the determination of thermal
endurance, thermal index, and relative thermal index for
3. Terminology
organic materials using theArrhenius activation energy gener-
ated for thermal decomposition measured by thermogravim- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
etry. 3.1.1 failure, n—change in some chemical, physical,
mechanical, electrical or other property of sufficient magnitude
1.2 This practice is generally applicable to materials with a
to make it unsuitable for a particular use.
well-defined thermal decomposition profile upon heating,
3.1.2 failure temperature (Tf), n—the absolute temperature
namely a smooth, continuous mass change.
at which a material fails after a selected time.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.3 thermal index (TI), n—the absolute temperature cor-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
responding to a selected thermal endurance value.
standard.
3.1.4 relative thermal index (RTI), n—the temperature cor-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
responding to a selected time-to-failure when compared with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that of a control with proven thermal endurance characteristics.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The TIand RTIareconsideredtobethe
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
maximum temperature below which the material resists
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
changes in its properties over a specific time period.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.4.2 Discussion—In the absence of other comparison
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
data for a control material, a thermal endurance (time-to-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
failure) of 20 000 h is arbitrarily selected for measuring TI and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
RTI.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.5 thermal endurance (tf), n—the time-to-failure corre-
sponding to a selected temperature.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Also known as thermal lifetime or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
time-to-failure.
D3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
E1641 Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermo-
4. Summary of Practice
gravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method
4.1 The Arrhenius activation energy obtained from other
E2550 Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravi-
Test Methods (such as Test Methods E1641 and E2958, etc.) is
metry
used to construct the thermal endurance curve of an organic
material from which an estimate of lifetime at selected tem-
peratures may be obtained.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee E37 on Thermal Measure-
ments and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
5. Significance and Use
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally
5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for the
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1877 – 17. DOI:
determination of the temperature-decomposition profile of a
10.1520/E1877-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or material.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 This practice is useful for quality control, specification
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. acceptance, and research.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1877 − 21
5.3 This practice is intended to provide an accelerated 6.2 Method A – Thermal Index:
thermal endurance estimation in a fraction of the time require 6.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1877 − 17 E1877 − 21
Standard Practice for
Calculating Thermal Endurance of Materials from
1
Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes the determination of thermal endurance, thermal index, and relative thermal index for organic materials
using the Arrhenius activation energy generated for thermal decomposition measured by thermogravimetry.
1.2 This practice is generally applicable to materials with a well-defined thermal decomposition profile, profile upon heating,
namely a smooth, continuous mass change.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
E1641 Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method
E2550 Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental, Statistical
and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017March 1, 2021. Published June 2017May 2021. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20152017 as
E1877 – 15.E1877 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E1877-17.10.1520/E1877-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1877 − 21
E2958 Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated Thermogravimetry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 failure, n—change in some chemical, physical, mechanical, electrical or other property of sufficient magnitude to make it
unsuitable for a particular use.
3.1.2 failure temperature (T(Tf), ), n—the absolute temperature at which a material fails after a selected time.
f
3.1.3 thermal index (TI), n—the absolute temperature corresponding to a selected time-to-failure.thermal endurance value.
3.1.4 relative thermal index (RTI), n—the temperature corresponding to a selected time-to-failure when compared with that of a
control with proven thermal endurance characteristics.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
The TI and RTI are considered to be the maximum temperature below which the material resists changes in its properties over a
selected period of time. In the absence of comparison data for a control material, a thermal endurance (time-to-failure) of 60 000 h
has been arbitrarily selected for measuring specific time period. TI and RTI.
3.1.4.2 Discussion—
In the absence of other comparison data for a control material, a thermal endurance (time-to-failure) of 20 000 h is arbitrarily
selected for measuring TI and RTI.
3.1.5 thermal endurance, endurance (tf), n—the time-to-failure corresponding to a selected temperature. Also known as thermal
lifetime or time-to-failure.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
Also known as thermal lifetime or time-to-failure.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The Arrhenius activation energy obtained from other Test Methods (such as Test Methods E1641 and E2958, etc.) is used to
cons
...