ASTM A1033-18

Standard Practice for Quantitative Measurement and Reporting of Hypoeutectoid Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Phase Transformations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is used to provide steel phase transformation data required for use in numerical models for the prediction of microstructures, properties, and distortion during steel manufacturing, forging, casting, heat treatment, and welding. Alternatively, the practice provides end users of steel and fabricated steel products the phase transformation data required for selecting steel grades for a given application by determining the microstructure resulting from a prescribed thermal cycle.  
5.1.1 There are available several computer models designed to predict the microstructures, mechanical properties, and distortion of steels as a function of thermal processing cycle. Their use is predicated on the availability of accurate and consistent thermal and transformation strain data. Strain, both thermal and transformation, developed during thermal cycling is the parameter used in predicting both microstructure and properties, and for estimating distortion. It should be noted that these models are undergoing continued development. This process is aimed, among other things, at establishing a direct link between discrete values of strain and specific microstructure constituents in steels. This practice describes a standardized method for measuring strain during a defined thermal cycle.  
5.1.2 This practice is suitable for providing data for computer models used in the control of steel manufacturing, forging, casting, heat-treating, and welding processes. It is also useful in providing data for the prediction of microstructures and properties to assist in steel alloy selection for end-use applications.  
5.1.3 This practice is suitable for providing the data needed for the construction of transformation diagrams that depict the microstructures developed during the thermal processing of steels as functions of time and temperature. Such diagrams provide a qualitative assessment of the effects of changes in thermal cycle on steel microstructure. Appendix X2 describes ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of hypoeutectoid steel phase transformation behavior by using high-speed dilatometry techniques for measuring linear dimensional change as a function of time and temperature, and reporting the results as linear strain in either a numerical or graphical format.  
1.2 The practice is applicable to high-speed dilatometry equipment capable of programmable thermal profiles and with digital data storage and output capability.  
1.3 This practice is applicable to the determination of steel phase transformation behavior under both isothermal and continuous cooling conditions.  
1.4 This practice includes requirements for obtaining metallographic information to be used as a supplement to the dilatometry measurements.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2018
• ICS: 77.040.99 - Other methods of testing of metals
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.13 - Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A1033 − 18
Standard Practice for
Quantitative Measurement and Reporting of Hypoeutectoid
1
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Phase Transformations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1033; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the determination of hypoeutectoid
steel phase transformation behavior by using high-speed E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
dilatometry techniques for measuring linear dimensional
change as a function of time and temperature, and reporting the E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
results as linear strain in either a numerical or graphical format.
3. Terminology
1.2 The practice is applicable to high-speed dilatometry
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
equipment capable of programmable thermal profiles and with
3.1.1 diametrical linear engineering strain—the strain, ei-
digital data storage and output capability.
ther thermal or resulting from phase transformation, that is
1.3 This practice is applicable to the determination of steel
determined from a change in diameter as a result of a change
phase transformation behavior under both isothermal and
in temperature, or over a period of time, and which is expressed
continuous cooling conditions.
as follows:
1.4 This practice includes requirements for obtaining met-
e 5 Δd/d 5 d 2 d /d
~ !
D 0 1 0 0
allographic information to be used as a supplement to the
3.1.2 hypoeutectoid steel—a term used to describe a group
dilatometry measurements.
of carbon steels with a carbon content less than the eutectoid
composition (0.8 % by weight).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.3 longitudinal linear engineering strain—the strain, ei-
standard.
ther thermal or resulting from phase transformation, that is
determined from a change in length as a result of a change in
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature, or over a period of time, and which is expressed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
as follows:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
e 5 Δl/L 5 l 2 l /l
~ !
L 0 1 0 0
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 steel phase transformation—during heating, the crys-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
tallographic transformation from ferrite, pearlite, bainite, mar-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tensite or combinations of these constituents to austenite.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
During cooling, the crystallographic transformation from aus-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tenite to ferrite, pearlite, bainite, or martensite or a combination
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
thereof.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.5 volumetric engineering strain—the strain, either ther-
mal or resulting from phase transformation, that is determined
from a change in volume as a result of a change in temperature,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
or over a period of time, and which is expressed as follows:
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel
2
Products and Processes. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A1033 – 10 (2015). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A1033-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A1033 − 18
e 5 Δv/v 5 ~v 2 v !/v link between discrete values of strain and specific microstruc-
V 0 1 0 0
e '3e '3e
ture constituents in steels. This practice describes a standard-
V L D
ized method for measuring strain during a defined thermal
3.2 Symbols: e = longitudinal linear engineering stra
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1033 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) A1033 − 18
Standard Practice for
Quantitative Measurement and Reporting of Hypoeutectoid
1
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Phase Transformations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1033; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the determination of hypoeutectoid steel phase transformation behavior by using high-speed
dilatometry techniques for measuring linear dimensional change as a function of time and temperature, and reporting the results
as linear strain in either a numerical or graphical format.
1.2 The practice is applicable to high-speed dilatometry equipment capable of programmable thermal profiles and with digital
data storage and output capability.
1.3 This practice is applicable to the determination of steel phase transformation behavior under both isothermal and continuous
cooling conditions.
1.4 This practice includes requirements for obtaining metallographic information to be used as a supplement to the dilatometry
measurements.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 diametrical linear engineering strain—the strain, either thermal or resulting from phase transformation, that is determined
from a change in diameter as a result of a change in temperature, or over a period of time, and which is expressed as follows:
e 5 Δd/d 5 ~d 2 d !/d
D 0 1 0 0
3.1.2 hypoeutectoid steel—a term used to describe a group of carbon steels with a carbon content less than the eutectoid
composition (0.8 % by weight).
3.1.3 longitudinal linear engineering strain—the strain, either thermal or resulting from phase transformation, that is determined
from a change in length as a result of a change in temperature, or over a period of time, and which is expressed as follows:
e 5 Δl/L 5 l 2 l /l
~ !
L 0 1 0 0
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.13
on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015May 1, 2018. Published March 2015May 2018. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
A1033 – 10.A1033 – 10 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/A1033-10R15.10.1520/A1033-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A1033 − 18
3.1.4 steel phase transformation—during heating, the crystallographic transformation from ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite
or combinations of these constituents to austenite. During cooling, the crystallographic transformation from austenite to ferrite,
pearlite, bainite, or martensite or a combination thereof.
3.1.5 volumetric engineering strain—the strain, either thermal or resulting from phase transformation, that is determined from
a change in volume as a result of a change in temperature,
...