77.040.99 - Other methods of testing of metals
ICS 77.040.99 Details
Other methods of testing of metals
Weitere Prufmethoden von Metallen
Autres méthodes d'essai des métaux
Druge metode za preskušanje kovin
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This document specifies a point counting method for statistically estimating the volume fraction of a constituent through the microstructure of a steel by means of a point grid. It applies to constituents which are clearly identifiable. By default, counting is performed manually, but can be computer assisted or substituted by validated computer algorithms. NOTE In this document, the word "constituent" can designate a phase as well as a micrographic constituent composed of two or more phases.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 3887:2017 defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 18203:2016 specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 18203:2016 specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method (Baumann) for the macrographic examination of steel by means of contact printing using silver salts and acid. The method is applicable to steels of which the sulphur content is less than 0,40 %. This method can also be applied to cast irons.
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This document provides an evaluation method of the resistance of high-strength steels to hydrogen embrittlement (i.e. hydrogen delayed fracture) using slow strain rate test with hydrogen pre-charged specimens. The amount of hydrogen absorbed in the specimens is analysed quantitatively by thermal desorption analysis such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and so on. This document includes testing methods for either smooth or notched specimens. It is applicable to ferritic base steels.
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This document gives guidelines for the measurement of hardmetal grain size by metallographic techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for WC/Co hardmetals (also called cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily tungsten carbide (WC[1]) as the hard phase. It is also intended for measuring the grain size and distribution by the linear-intercept technique.
This document essentially covers four main topics:
— calibration of microscopes, to underpin the accuracy of measurements;
— linear analysis techniques, to acquire sufficient statistically meaningful data;
— analysis methods, to calculate representative average values;
— reporting, to comply with modern quality requirements.
This document is supported by a measurement case study to illustrate the recommended techniques (see Annex A).
This document is not intended for the following:
— measurements of size distribution;
— recommendations on shape measurements. Further research is needed before recommendations for shape measurement can be given.
Measurements of coercivity are sometimes used for grain-size measurement, however, this document is concerned only with a metallographic measurement method. It is also written for hardmetals and not for characterizing powders. However, the method can, in principle, be used for measuring the average size of powders that are suitably mounted and sectioned.
[1] DE: Wolframcarbid, EN: tungsten carbide.
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This document specifies the methods of metallographic determination of the microstructure of hardmetals using photomicrographs.
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This document specifies the methods of metallographic determination of the microstructure of
hardmetals using photomicrographs.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidelines for the measurement of hardmetal grain size by metallographic
techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for WC/Co hardmetals (also called
cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily tungsten carbide (WC1)) as the hard phase. It is
also intended for measuring the grain size and distribution by the linear-intercept technique.
This document essentially covers four main topics:
— calibration of microscopes, to underpin the accuracy of measurements;
— linear analysis techniques, to acquire sufficient statistically meaningful data;
— analysis methods, to calculate representative average values;
— reporting, to comply with modern quality requirements.
This document is supported by a measurement case study to illustrate the recommended techniques
(see Annex A).
This document is not intended for the following:
— measurements of size distribution;
— recommendations on shape measurements. Further research is needed before recommendations
for shape measurement can be given.
Measurements of coercivity are sometimes used for grain-size measurement, however, this document
is concerned only with a metallographic measurement method. It is also written for hardmetals and not
for characterizing powders. However, the method can, in principle, be used for measuring the average
size of powders that are suitably mounted and sectioned.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides a method for the evaluation of the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement (i.e. hydrogen delayed fracture) using constant loading test with hydrogen pre-charged specimens. The amount of hydrogen content absorbed in the specimens is analysed quantitatively by thermal desorption analysis such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and so on. In the case of hydrogen continuous charging such as hydrogen absorption in aqueous solution at free corrosion potential, hydrogen absorption in atmospheric corrosion environments and hydrogen absorption in high pressure hydrogen gas, the evaluation method is also briefly described. This method is mainly applicable to the evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement resistance of high strength steel bolts.
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- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a micrographic method of determining apparent ferritic or austenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grain boundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal size distribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographic sectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, to the maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grain sizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistent grain size.
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- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the methods of metallographic determination of the microstructure of hardmetals using photomicrographs.
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This document gives guidelines for the measurement of hardmetal grain size by metallographic techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for WC/Co hardmetals (also called cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily tungsten carbide (WC[1]) as the hard phase. It is also intended for measuring the grain size and distribution by the linear-intercept technique. This document essentially covers four main topics: — calibration of microscopes, to underpin the accuracy of measurements; — linear analysis techniques, to acquire sufficient statistically meaningful data; — analysis methods, to calculate representative average values; — reporting, to comply with modern quality requirements. This document is supported by a measurement case study to illustrate the recommended techniques (see Annex A). This document is not intended for the following: — measurements of size distribution; — recommendations on shape measurements. Further research is needed before recommendations for shape measurement can be given. Measurements of coercivity are sometimes used for grain-size measurement, however, this document is concerned only with a metallographic measurement method. It is also written for hardmetals and not for characterizing powders. However, the method can, in principle, be used for measuring the average size of powders that are suitably mounted and sectioned. [1] DE: Wolframcarbid, EN: tungsten carbide.
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EN-ISO 643 specifies a micrographic method of determining apparent ferritic oraustenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grainboundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal sizedistribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographicsectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, tothe maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grainsizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistentgrain size.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a micrographic method of determining apparent ferritic or austenitic grain size in steels. It describes the methods of revealing grain boundaries and of estimating the mean grain size of specimens with unimodal size distribution. Although grains are three-dimensional in shape, the metallographic sectioning plane can cut through a grain at any point from a grain corner, to the maximum diameter of the grain, thus producing a range of apparent grain sizes on the two-dimensional plane, even in a sample with a perfectly consistent grain size.
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- Standard21 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This draft European Standard defines a method of microscopic non-metallic endogenous inclusion assessment using picture charts.
The method does not apply to particles of a length or diameter less than 3,0 µm or a width smaller than 2,0 µm. If defined by a product standard or agreement between the involved parties for certain special products, inclusions with a width below 2,0 µm can be evaluated by length alone.Inclusions with dimensions exceeding the upper limits in Table 2 are evaluated as belonging to the maximum class and noted separately with their true dimensions (see 7.5.6).
It is assumed, if particles are elongated or if there are stringers of particles, that they are parallel to each other. Other arrangements are not covered by this draft standard. This draft European Standard applies to samples with a microscopic precipitation approaching random distribution.
From the data of measurements obtained by this method, evaluation according to other standards can be established.
This draft European Standard does not apply to free cutting steels.
NOTE The basic principle of this draft European Standard allows the determination of non-metallic inclusion content by image analysis techniques.
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This draft European Standard defines a method of microscopic non-metallic endogenous inclusion assessment using picture charts.
The method does not apply to particles of a length or diameter less than 3,0 µm or a width smaller than 2,0 µm. If defined by a product standard or agreement between the involved parties for certain special products, inclusions with a width below 2,0 µm can be evaluated by length alone.Inclusions with dimensions exceeding the upper limits in Table 2 are evaluated as belonging to the maximum class and noted separately with their true dimensions (see 7.5.6).
It is assumed, if particles are elongated or if there are stringers of particles, that they are parallel to each other. Other arrangements are not covered by this draft standard. This draft European Standard applies to samples with a microscopic precipitation approaching random distribution.
From the data of measurements obtained by this method, evaluation according to other standards can be established.
This draft European Standard does not apply to free cutting steels.
NOTE The basic principle of this draft European Standard allows the determination of non-metallic inclusion content by image analysis techniques.
- Standard81 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 18203:2016 specifies a method of measuring the case hardening depth, surface hardening depth, nitriding hardness depth and total thickness of surface hardening depth obtained, e.g. thermal (flame and induction hardening, electron beam hardening, laser beam hardening, etc.) or thermochemical (carbonitriding, carburizing and hardening, hardening and nitriding, etc.) treatment.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 4499-4:2016 specifies methods for the metallographic determination of the presence, type, and distribution of porosity, uncombined carbon and eta-phase in hardmetals.
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ISO 4499-3:2016 gives guidelines for the measurement of microstructural features in Ti(C,N) based hardmetals and WC/Co hardmetals that contain additional cubic carbides by metallographic techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for sintered hardmetals (also called cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily inorganic carbides and nitrides as the hard phase. It is also intended for measuring the phase size and distribution by the linear intercept technique.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 4499 specifies methods for the metallographic determination of the presence, type,
and distribution of porosity, uncombined carbon and eta-phase in hardmetals.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 4499 gives guidelines for the measurement of microstructural features in Ti(C,N)
based hardmetals and WC/Co hardmetals that contain additional cubic carbides by metallographic
techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for sintered hardmetals (also called
cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily inorganic carbides and nitrides as the hard phase.
It is also intended for measuring the phase size and distribution by the linear intercept technique.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 4499-4:2016 specifies methods for the metallographic determination of the presence, type, and distribution of porosity, uncombined carbon and eta-phase in hardmetals.
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ISO 4499-3:2016 gives guidelines for the measurement of microstructural features in Ti(C,N) based hardmetals and WC/Co hardmetals that contain additional cubic carbides by metallographic techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for sintered hardmetals (also called cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily inorganic carbides and nitrides as the hard phase. It is also intended for measuring the phase size and distribution by the linear intercept technique.
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ISO 16574:2015 defines resolvable pearlite and specifies two methods of determining the percentage of resolvable pearlite. The methods are applicable for wire rod made from control cooling steel with carbon content greater than 0,65 % C.
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ISO 4969:2015 establishes guidelines for the macroscopic examination of steel by hot etching, room temperature etching and electrolytic etching. The method has very wide application. Selection of the type, concentration and temperature of the reagent, the etching apparatus and the conditions of surface preparation of the test piece make it possible to achieve the required aim. NOTE It might be difficult to see fine voids and cracks and discriminate between them and determine their nature by macroetching.
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ISO 4967:2013 specifies a micrographic method of determining the non-metallic inclusions in rolled or forged steel products having a reduction ratio of at least 3 using standard diagrams. This method is widely used to assess the suitability of a steel for a given use. However, since it is difficult to achieve reproducible results owing to the influence of the test operator, even with a large number of specimens, precautions should be taken when using the method. ISO 4967:2013 also provides for the determination of non-metallic inclusions by image analysis technologies.
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Method for determining the hardenability of steel by the end quench, (Jominy test), by using a test piece of 25 mm diameter and 100 mm long.
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Method for determining the hardenability of steel by the end quench, (Jominy test), by using a test piece of 25 mm diameter and 100 mm long.
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Specifies three procedures for estimating, and rules for expressing, the average grain size of copper and copper alloys consisting principally of a single phase. The comparison procedure (comparing the specimen with a standard chart) is most convenient and is sufficiently accurate for most commercial purposes. In cases of dispute the use of the Heyn or Jeffries procedures (intercept procedure and planimetric procedure, respectively) having higher degrees of accuracy is recommended.
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Specifies a method for assessing steels with C levels between 0,1 % and 1,5 % and a total content of alloy elements less than or equal to 5 %. The use of this method for other steels shall be subject to special agreement. Contains principles, sampling, preparation of samples, assessment of the distribution of carbides, expression of results and test report. An annex gives reference photomicrographs.
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Specifies an accelerated test for the purpose of detecting the presence of residual (internal) stresses in wrought copper and copper alloy products that might bring about failure of the material in service or storage through stress corrosion cracking. The method is not intended for testing assemblies and partial assemblies. For such use some modifications may be required.
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Provides a means of assessing the usability in electronic devices, for applications involving glass-to-metal seals, or other uses relying on the formation and presence of an adherent film of copper oxide. The procedure includes preparation and heating in air of a test piece, followed by rapid cooling in water and visual examination for loss of the oxide film or blistering.
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Macroscopic methods deal with non-metallic inclusions visible to the naked eye or with the aid of a magnifying glass with a magnification of not more than X 10. Only inclusions equal to or greater than 1 mm long are taken into consideration. Covers the blue fracture test method, the step machined test method, the magnetic particle inspection method.
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This test is applicable to deoxidized and oxygen-free high-conductivity coppers. ISO 2626 specifies principle, test pieces, and procedure. Embrittlement is revealed by close bending or reverse bending, or by microscopic examination.
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2020-11-26: WI cancelled. CEN/BT C218/2020
2020-11-16: Request to BT to cancel this WI circulated on 2020-10-28
2019-09-16: TC will launch CIB to withdraw this WI, then a BT decision is needed to drop positive voting results
2016-02-09: WI ON HOLD - ISO WI cancelled at ISO level - ECISS/TC to advise on the future of this project at CEN level.
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2014-07-28 GVN: Draft for UAP (MINOR REVISION) received at ISO/CS (see ISO notification in Dataservice on 2014-07-28).
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This document defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of
decarburization of steel products.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 3887:2017 defines the decarburization and specifies three methods of measuring the depth of decarburization of steel products.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Definition of the effective case depth, and specification of methods for determining this depth in steel.
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