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ASTM D8331/D8331M-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical Interference

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical Interference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coating film thickness plays a critical role in the performance of the final product. This includes physical properties (abrasion/scratch resistance, color, gloss), chemical properties (solvent resistance), corrosion resistance, and long-term durability (color change, chalk, fade).  
4.2 The non-destructive measurement system based on ruggedized optical interference transforms signal outputs in coating film thickness using digital formulas (or “recipes”) which are reproducible from one instrument to another.  
4.3 The ROI measurement unit takes a significant number of measurements which can be read in a determined period of time and each of these data points is recorded and reportable.  
4.4 Due to the number of variables that can affect film thickness during application and the number of variables that must be set in the measurement unit while determining a recipe, it is important for the producer and the user to agree upon recipe settings depending on the coating system.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method encompasses measuring the film thickness of a coil coated organic coating layer. Operators can use this method in process during the coating application or in a laboratory setting.  
1.2 This test method does not specify the expected film thickness/test results for a coating, nor the specific “recipe” file needed to measure a coating.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2020
ICS
25.220.01 - Surface treatment and coating in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.53 - Coil Coated Metal
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8331/D8331M-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical InterferenceASTM D8331/D8331M-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical Interference
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ASTM D8331/D8331M-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical Interference
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8331/D8331M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by
Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical
1
Interference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8331/D8331M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 ruggedized optical interference (ROI), n—a term used to
distinguish this instrument that is suitable for use in an
1.1 This test method encompasses measuring the film thick-
industrial environment from other optical interference devices
ness of a coil coated organic coating layer. Operators can use
that are only suitable for use in a laboratory environment.
this method in process during the coating application or in a
laboratory setting. 2.4 supplier, n—the organization or person contracted to
supply the coil coated material who may or may not be the
1.2 This test method does not specify the expected film
producer (that is, coil coater, service center, or other seller).
thickness/test results for a coating, nor the specific “recipe” file
needed to measure a coating.
2.5 user, n—the person or organization that makes use of the
coil coated product.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Summary of Test Method
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1 An instrument is used to measure either a single paint
used independently of the other, and values from the two
layer, like a primer, or the total film thickness of a multi-layer
systems shall not be combined.
organic coil coating system through a non-contact, non-
destructive, ruggedized optical interference (ROI) method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 It is recommended that this system only be used to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determine total system thickness if the optical properties
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
between multiple layers are similar (for example, topcoat over
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
primer).Individuallayersmaybeabletobedistinguishedifthe
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
optical properties vary enough (for example, clear over pig-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mented layer).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Coating film thickness plays a critical role in the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
performance of the final product. This includes physical
2. Terminology
properties (abrasion/scratch resistance, color, gloss), chemical
2.1 producer, n—primary manufacturer of the coil coated properties (solvent resistance), corrosion resistance, and long-
material, that is, the coil coater, from which parts are fabri-
term durability (color change, chalk, fade).
cated.
4.2 The non-destructive measurement system based on rug-
2.2 recipe, n—a combination of specified settings in the
gedized optical interference transforms signal outputs in coat-
Ruggedized Optical Interference (ROI) measurement system
ing film thickness using digital formulas (or “recipes”) which
which is used by the instrument to interpret the reflectance
are reproducible from one instrument to another.
information gathered during a reading and provide an output in
4.3 TheROImeasurementunittakesasignificantnumberof
a specified unit of film thickness measurement.
measurements which can be read in a determined period of
time and each of these data points is recorded and reportable.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
4.4 Due to the number of variables that can affect film
Subcommittee D01.53 on Coil Coated Metal.
thickness during application and the number of variables that
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. DOI:
10.1520/D8331_D8331M-20. must be set in the measurement unit while determining a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a practice for evaluating degree of biofouling settlement on and physical performance of marine coating systems when panels coated with such coating systems are subjected to immersion conditions in a marine environment. Guidance for preparation or exposure and handling of test specimens can be found in related ASTM standards as noted below (see Section 2).  
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4.1 This test method is designed as a screening test in the evaluation of coating systems and other materials designed to resist biofouling attachment.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 This test method measures the volume of dry coating obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is useful for calculating the volatile organic content (VOC) of a coating and could be used to estimate the coverage (square feet of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit volume) obtainable with different coating products.
Note 1: In Practice D3960 paragraph 10.3.1, the equation for calculating the VOC content using the percent volume nonvolatile is given. Prior to this method a satisfactory procedure for measuring percent volume nonvolatile did not exist (see Note 11 in Practice D3960).
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4.2 For various reasons the volume nonvolatile value obtained for a coating is often not equal to that predicted from simple linear addition of the weights and volumes of the raw materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredients. Such contraction or expansion of resin solutions is governed by a number of factors, one of which is the extent and direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin and solvent.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent volume nonvolatile matter of a variety of clear and pigmented coatings. The approach used should provide faster and more accurate results than the use of the liquid displacement technique in Test Method D2697, particularly for coatings that are difficult to wet or that contain voids, cracks or other defects. The improvement in accuracy stems from the superior ability of helium gas under pressure to penetrate very small pores and surface irregularities in dried films. This provides a more accurate determination of void volumes than can be obtained via liquid displacement.  
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ASTM D6677-18(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coatings, to perform satisfactorily, must adhere to the substrates on which they are applied. This test method has been found useful as a simple means of assessing the adhesion of coatings. Although this method is a qualitative (subjective) test it has been used in industry for many years and can provide valuable information.  
4.2 Other adhesion test methods may be useful in obtaining quantitative results. See Test Methods D2197, D3359, D4541, and D7234.  
4.3 The Performance Evaluation Scale (see Table 1) is based on both the degree of difficulty to remove the coating from the substrate and the size of removed coating chip.  
4.4 This test method does not have a known correlation to other adhesion test methods (pull-off, tape, etc.).  
4.5 A coating that has a high degree of cohesive strength may appear to have worse adhesion than one that is brittle and hence fractures easily when probed.  
4.6 This method is not to be used on overly thick coatings, that is, those which cannot be cut to the substrate with a utility knife in one stroke.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for assessing the adhesion of coating films to substrate by using a knife.  
1.2 This test method is used to establish whether the adhesion of a coating to a substrate or to another coating (in multi-coat systems) is at a generally adequate level.
Note 1: The term “substrate” relates to the basic surface on which a coating adheres (may be steel, concrete, etc. or other coating).  
1.3 This method can be used in the laboratory and field.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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