ASTM E2319-04(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
Standard Test Method for Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air flow characteristics of various components of the window system under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions.
Note 3—The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature. , , These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.
Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method E283, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining air leakage separately through the face and sides of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen.
Note 1—Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When special circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in this test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The adapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.
Note 2—Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not addressed by this test method.
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Test Method E783. Test Method E783 will not provide the user with a means of determining air flow through the sides of tested specimens.
1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see Section 7.
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Designation:E2319 −04 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides of
Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified
Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E283, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for deter-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mining air leakage separately through the face and sides of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
method described is for tests with constant temperature and
statement see Section 7.
humidity across the specimen.
NOTE 1—Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that
the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When special
2. Referenced Documents
circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in
this test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify E283Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage
potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The
Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors
adapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.
Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Speci-
1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior
men
windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure E631Terminology of Building Constructions
only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the
E783Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage
installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
purpose.
NOTE 2—Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a tem-
3. Terminology
perature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate.
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
This is not addressed by this test method.
Terminology E631.
1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
interestedinperformingfieldairleakagetestsoninstalledunits
3.2.1 air leakage rate through the face of the specimen
shouldreferenceTestMethodE783.TestMethodE783willnot
2 3 2 3
(q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)
provide the user with a means of determining air flow through
A(f) lc(f)
—the air leakage through the face of the specimen per unit of
the sides of tested specimens.
specimen area (A) or per unit length of operable crack
1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable
perimeter (lc).
in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and
3.2.2 air leakage rate through the face and sides of the
shallhaveageneralunderstandingoffenestrationproductsand
2 3 2
specimen (q ), L/(s·m)(ft /min·ft )—the air leakage
A(fs)
components.
throughthefaceandsidesofthespecimenperunitofspecimen
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
area (A).
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.3 air leakage rate through the sides of the specimen
2 3 2 3
(q or q ), L/(s·m ) (ft /min·ft ), or L/(s·m) (ft /min·ft)
A(s) lf(s)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2319–04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2319-04R11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2319−04 (2011)
—the air leakage through the sides of the specimen per unit of 3.2.14 total air flow through sides (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the
t(s)
specimen area (A) or per unit length of outside perimeter of volumeofairflowingperunitoftimethroughthetestchamber
specimen frame (lf). and test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the
sides of the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowing
3.2.4 air leakage through the face of the specimen (Q ),
s(f)
through the face of the specimen, under a test pressure
L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
through the face of the test specimen under a test pressure
dard conditions.
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
3.2.15 unit length of operable crack perimeter (lc), m
dard conditions.
(ft)—the sum of all perimeters of operable ventilators, sash, or
3.2.5 air leakage through the face and sides of the specimen
doors contained in the test specimen, based on the overall
(Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of
s(fs)
dimensions of such parts. Where two such operable parts meet
timethroughthefaceandsidesofthetestspecimenunderatest
the two adjacent lengths of perimeter shall be counted as only
pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted
one length.
to standard conditions.
3.2.16 unit length of outside perimeter of specimen frame
3.2.6 air leakage through the sides of the specimen (Q ),
s(s)
(lf),m(ft)—theperimeterofthetestspecimen,measuredatthe
L/s (ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time
edge of the outer frame.
through the sides of the test specimen under a test pressure
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
4. Summary of Test Method
dard conditions.
4.1 The test consists of sealing the interior and exterior of a
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Air leakage through the sides of the
test specimen into or against one face of an air chamber,
frame (Q ) is provided to inform specifiers of the potential
s(s)
supplying air to or exhausting air from the chamber at the rate
leakage through the specimen at the window surrounds. The
required to maintain the specified test pressure difference
actual amount of leakage through the sides of the frame
across the specimen, and measuring the resultant air flow
depends on the positioning of the sealants, flashings and air
through the face and sides of the specimen.
barriers relative to the frame.
5. Significance and Use
3.2.7 extraneous air leakage (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the vol-
e
ume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamber
5.1 Thistestmethodisastandardprocedurefordetermining
and test apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the test the air flow characteristics of various components of the
specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature
window system under specified air pressure differences at
difference, converted to standard conditions. ambient conditions.
NOTE 3—The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope
3.2.7.1 Discussion—Extraneous leakage is the sum of all
vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the
leakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.
implicationsortheresultingairleakagerelativetotheenvironmentwithin
3,4,5
buildings are discussed in the literature. These factors should be fully
3.2.8 specimen—theentireassembledunitsubmittedfortest
considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.
as described in Section 8.
5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison
2 2
3.2.9 specimen area (A), m (ft )—the area determined by
purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the
the overall dimensions of the frame that fits into the rough
components being tested and compared are of essentially the
opening.
same size, configuration, and design.
3.2.10 standard test conditions—in this test method, dry air
6. Apparatus
at:
Pressure—101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)
6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section is
Temperature—20.8°C (69.4°F)
general in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipment
3 3
Air Density—1.202 kg/m (0.075 lb/ft )
capableofmaintainingtherequiredtesttolerancesispermitted.
3.2.11 test pressure differences, Pa (lbf/ft ) —the specified
6.2 Test Chamber—A well sealed box, wall, or other appa-
differential static air pressure across the specimen.
ratus into or against which the specimen is mounted and
3.2.12 total air flow through face (Q ), L/s (ft /min)—the
t(f)
secured for testing.An air supply shall be provided to allow a
volumeofairflowingperunitoftimethroughthetestchamber
positive or negative pressure differential to be applied across
andtestapparatus,inclusiveoftheairflowingthroughtheface
the specimen without significant extraneous losses. The cham-
ofthetestspecimenbutexclusiveoftheairflowingthroughthe
ber shall be capable of withstanding the differential test
sides of the specimen, under a test pressure difference and test
temperature difference, converted to standard conditions.
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 1989.Available fromAmerican Society
3.2.13 total air flow through face and sides (Q ), L/s
t(fs)
of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791
(ft /min)—the volume of air flowing per unit of time through
Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
Fluid Meters—Their Theory and Application, 5th Edition, 1959.
thetestchamberandtestapparatus,inclusiveoftheairflowing
Power Test Code, 2nd Edition, Part 5, Chapter 4, “Flow Measurements,” 1956.
through the face and sides of the test specimen, under a test
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted
International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
to standard conditions. www.asme.org.
E2319−04 (2011)
pressures that may be encountered in this procedure. At least by6)pinetestframe(buck)withdimensionsof1220mmwide
one static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of the by 1830 mm high (4 ft wide by 6 ft high). The test frame and
specimentomeasurethetestpressuredifferences.Thepressure blank shall be sealed at all joints.
tapshallbelocatedinanareaofthechamberinwhichpressure
9.2 EachNISTtraceableorificeplateshallbeconstructedof
readings will not be affected by any supply air. The air supply
3mm( ⁄8 in.) thick stainless steel having an outside diameter
opening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which it
of 200 mm (8 in.) and interior square edge diameters of 25.40
does not directly impinge upon the test specimen.
mm (1.000 in.), 38.10 mm (1.500 in.) and 50.80 mm (2.000
6.2.1 Supply Air System—A controllable blower, exhaust
in.).
fan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required air
9.3 Fasten the orifice plate to the blank, centered over a
flowatthespecifiedtestpressuredifference.Thesystemshould
provide essentially constant air flow at the specified test 150-mm (6-in.) diameter hole. Seal the hole in the orifice plate
with a suitable adhesive tape so that an extraneous reading on
pressure difference for a time period sufficient to obtain
readings of air flow. the air flow system can be obtained. Measure the amount of
such leakage with the orifice plate sealed, at the air pressure
6.2.2 Pressure Measuring Apparatus—Adevice to measure
difference to be applied during calibration. After determining
the differential test pressures to 62% of setpoint or 62.5 Pa
(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater. the extraneous air leakage, remove the adhesive tape from the
hole in the orifice plate and repeat the process to determine the
6.2.3 Air Flow Metering System—A device to measure the
air flow into the test chamber or through the test specimen. total measured flow.
9.4 Calibration of the air leakage test equipment shall
7. Hazards
consist of determining the flow through the air flow system to
7.1 Precaution—Glass breakage may occur at the test pres-
be calibrated using all applicable orifice plate sizes for the
sure differences applied in this test. Adequate precautions
design range of the flow metering apparatus. The orifice plate
should be taken to protect personnel.
tobeusedforeachofthefollowingairflowrangesisindicated
in the table.
8. Test Specimen
NOTE 5—Three orifice plates are used to allow the air flow measuring
equipment to be used for a variety of specimen sizes and chamber/wall
8.1 Thetestspecimenforawallshallbeofsufficientsizeto
setups.
determine the performance of all typical parts of the wall
Orifice Plate Nominal Differential Pressure
system. For curtain walls or walls constructed with prefabri-
Hole Sizes Flow Across Orifice Plate
cated units, the specimen width shall be not less than two
25.4mm(1.0in.) 3.47L/s (7.36ft /min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)
38.1 mm (1.5 in.) 7.66 L/s (16.24 ft /min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)
typical units plus the connections and supporting elements at
50.8 mm (2.0 in.) 13.64 L/s (28.90 ft /min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)
both sides, and sufficient to provide full loading on at least one
typical vertical joint or framing member, or both. The height
NOTE 6—At test pressures other than 75 Pa (1.57 psf), the laboratory
shallcalibratetheairflowmeasuringequipmentwiththeapplicableorifice
shallbenotlessthanthefullbuildingstoryheightortheheight
plates and record the measurements at the specified pressure(s). Using
of the unit, whichever is greater, and shall include at least on
pressures greater than 75 Pa (1.57 psf) may not permit reproducibility
full horizontal joint, accommodating vertical expansion, such
between laboratories, nor may it warrant meeting calibration tolerance
joint being at or near the bottom of the specimen, as well as all
requirements as specified at 75 Pa (1.57 psf).
connections at top and bottom of the units.
9.5 The air flow measuring system shall be considered
8.1.1 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full size
within the limits of calibration w
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