iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D7665-10

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2010
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.L0.06 - Non-Lubricating Process Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7665-10(2014) - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8046-21 - Standard Guide for Pumpability of Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

Buy Standard

ASTM D7665-10 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer FluidsASTM D7665-10 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
PreviousNext
Guide
ASTM D7665-10 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7665 − 10
StandardGuide for
Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope by Potentiometric Titration
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
1.1 This guide covers general information, without specific
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat
Reduced Pressure
transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
water free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
(ASTM Color Scale)
standard.
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
2. Referenced Documents
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
Atmospheric Pressure
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
D2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Rela-
Oils
tionship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liq-
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
uids by Isoteniscope
Open Cup Tester
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
(Micro Method)
Closed Cup Tester
D5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
degradation of Lubricants or Their Components
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D6384 Terminology Relating to Biodegradability and Eco-
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
toxicity of Lubricants
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-
D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat
leum Products
Transfer Fluids
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
D7044 Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hy-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
draulic Fluids
ity)
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
Chemicals
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
G4 Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applica-
Petroleum Products
tions
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
2.2 OECD Standards:
Test No. 203 : Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
3. Terminology
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0.06
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
3.1.1 fluid aging—process of fluid degradation associated
D7665-10.
with the loss of intended performance of the fluid, which
The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated
includes fluid composition changes, soot formation, and the
by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication
deposit of materials on a surface (fouling).
Engineering, Vol 32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411–416.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, rue
the ASTM website. André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7665 − 10
3.1.2 fluid quality—describes the fluid’s appropriateness for temperaturesof120°Corgreatershall,forreasonsofsafety,be
the intended application including factors necessary for safety dry, because destructive high pressures are generated when
and environmental awareness or compliance. water enters the high temperature sections of the system.
Heating the oil before it is placed in service also removes most
3.1.3 heat transfer fluid—fluid that remains essentially a
of the dissolved air in the oil. If not removed, the air can cause
liquid while transferring heat to or from an apparatus or
pump cavitation. The air can also accumulate in stagnant parts
process,althoughthisguidedoesnotprecludetheevaluationof
of the system at high pressure and could cause an explosion.
a heat transfer fluid that may be used in its vapor state. Heat
5.1.6 Vapor Pressure (Test Method D2879)—Vapor
transfer fluids may be hydrocarbon– or petroleum–based, such
pressure, which normally increases with increasing operating
as polyglycols, esters, hydrogenated terphenyls, alkylated
temperature, is an important design parameter. Organic heat
aromatics, diphenyl-oxide/biphenyl blends, and mixtures of di-
transfer fluids exhibiting high vapor pressures should be used
and triaryl-ethers. Small percentages of functional components
onlyinsystemswithsufficientstructuralintegrity.Operationof
such as antioxidants, antiwear and anti-corrosion agents, TBN,
vapor phase systems requires knowledge of the equilibrium
acid scavengers, or dispersants, or a combination thereof, can
vapor pressure.
be present.
5.2 Safety in Use:
4. Significance and Use
5.2.1 Autoignition Temperature (Test Method E659)—This
test relates to the autoignition temperature of a bulk fluid.
4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the
Hydrocarbon fluids absorbed on porous inert surfaces can
systeminuseandthepurposeofthetestmethodaslistedunder
ignite at temperatures more than 50°C lower than indicated by
Section 5. Use the most recent editions ofASTM test methods.
Test Method E659.An open flame ignites leaking hydrocarbon
fluids exposed on a porous surface at any temperature.
5. Recommended Test Procedures
5.2.2 Flash Point (Test Methods D92 and D93)—Some heat
5.1 Pumpability of the Fluid:
transfer fluids are volatile and present a fire hazard at slightly
5.1.1 FlashPoint,ClosedCup(TestMethodD93)—Thistest
elevated temperatures, or even below 25°C.
method detects low flash ends which are one cause of cavita-
5.2.3 Biodegradation (Test Method D5864) —An environ-
tion during pumping. In closed systems, especially when fluids
mental concern, and toxicity (like acute fish toxicity, see
are exposed to temperatures of 225°C or higher, the formation
OECD Test No. 203) is more of an immediate concern for
of volatile hydrocarbons by breakdown of the oil may require
personnel that may come into contact with the heat transfer
venting through a pressure relief system to prevent dangerous
fluidaswellasplantandanimallifethatmaycomeintocontact
pressure build-up.
with effluent that migrates to streams, rivers, or reservoirs.
5.1.2 Pour Point (Test Method D97)—The pour pointcanbe
Safety in use information is included a Material Safety Data
used as an approximate guide to the minimum temperature for
Sheet (MSDS). See Terminology D6384 for terminology
normal pumping and as a general indication of fluid type and
relating to biodegradability and ecotoxicity. A basis for biode-
low temperature properties. Should a heat transfer system be
gradable classification for hydraulic fluids is found in Table 4
likely to be subjected to low temperatures when not in use, the
of D7044-04 and while no specific biodegradability classifica-
system should be trace heated to warm the fluid above
tions are available for heat transfer fluids, the environmental
minimum pumping temperature before start-up.
persistence of heat
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D5306-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Linear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils and Hydraulic Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the flammability or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale test for distinguishing between the relative resistance to ignition of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the evaluation of the relative flammability of flammable, extremely flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the comparison of relative flammability.  
1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7647-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories.  
5.2 Hard particles in lubricating or fluid power systems have a detrimental effect on the system as they cause operating components to wear and also accelerate the degradation of the oil. Hard particles in the oil originate from a variety of sources including generation from within an operating fluid system or contamination, which may occur during the storage and handling of new oils or via ingress into an operating fluid system.  
5.3 High levels of contaminants can cause filter blockages and hard particles can have a serious impact on the life of pumps, pistons, gears, bearings, and other moving parts by accelerating wear and erosion.  
5.4 Particle count results can be used to aid in assessing the capability of the filtration system responsible for cleaning the fluid, determining if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean up the fluid system, or aiding in the decision of whether or not a fluid change is required.  
5.5 To accurately measure hard particle contamination levels, it is necessary to negate the particle counts contributed by the presence of small levels of free water. This method includes a process by which this can be accomplished using a water-masking diluent technique whereby water droplets of a size below the target level are finely distributed.  
5.6 Certain additives or additive by-products that are semi-insoluble or insoluble in oil, namely the polydimethylsiloxane defoamant additive and oxidation by-products, are known to cause light scattering in automatic particle counters, which in turn causes falsely high counts. These and similar materials are commonly termed “soft particles” (see 3.2.4) and are not known to directly increase wear and erosion within an operating system. The contribution of these particles to the particle size cumulative count is negated with this method.  
5.7 The use of dilution i...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.  
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm (c) to 200 µm (c) with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used.
Note 1: For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle.
Note 2: The subscript (c) is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript (c) strictly only applies to particles up to 50 µm.  
1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm2/s at 40 °C. This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement.  
1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method.  
1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method.  
1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according to the latest revision of ISO 11171.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was d...

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.  
5.2 Particles in lubricating and hydraulic oils are detrimental because they increase wear, clog filters and accelerate oil degradation.  
5.3 Particle count may aid in assessing the capability of a filtration system to clean the fluid, determine if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean the fluid, or aid in the decision whether or not to change the fluid.  
5.4 An increase in the concentration and size of wear particles is indicative of incipient failure or component change out. Predictive maintenance by oil analysis monitors the concentration and size of wear particles on a periodic basis to predict failure.  
5.5 High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.  
1.1.1 The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s at 40 °C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution.  
1.1.2 Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to ≥ 70 μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 100 μm mesh inlet screen.  
1.1.3 Particle concentration measured may be as high as 5 000 000 particles per mL without significant coincidence error.  
1.1.4 Particle shape is determined for particles greater than approximately 20 µm in length. Particles are categorized into the following categories: sliding, cutting, fatigue, nonmetallic, fibers, water droplets, and air bubbles.  
1.1.5 Soot is determined up to approximately 1.5 % by weight.  
1.1.6 This test method uses objects of known linear dimension for calibration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7665-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide2 covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water-free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8385-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Dry Filterability of Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids by Mass Flow Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Precision equipment and high pressure hydraulic machinery require filtered lubricants and fluids to prevent damage from the circulation of hard particulate contaminants. Three types of particulate contaminants are present in lubricants and hydraulic fluids: built in contaminants from the machinery assembly process, generated contaminants from equipment wear, and contaminants that enter from external sources.  
5.2 The ability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to retain their filterability is critical for efficient and reliable machine performance. Normally, the pressure differential across a filter will increase gradually as the filter accumulates dirt, sludge, and wear debris. In order to prevent the filter from collapsing, bypass valves in the filter assembly open when the differential pressure gets too high. If a filter becomes blocked by precipitating additives or other contaminants, the bypass valve will open. This can lead to an equipment shutdown or circulation of damaging particles throughout the machine.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dry filterability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing (Note 1). The procedure applies to lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated with American Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV, and certain V base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that are heavier than water are out of scope.
Note 1: This test method is similar to ISO 13357 but differs from the ISO method in the manner by which filterability is assessed. In ISO 13357, volume flow rates are used to determine filterability. In this test method, mass flow rates are used. Measurements of filterability based on mass flow rates facilitate automation and can be less susceptible to operator error.
Note 2: Residual water due to atmospheric conditions or contaminants is in scope for these samples and it is typically low for most in process samples.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4307-17(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The laboratory preparation of liquid blends of known composition is required to provide analytical standards for the calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of small volumes of multicomponent liquid blends for use as analytical standards.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to components that are normally liquids at ambient temperature and pressure, or solids that will form a solution when blended with liquids. Butanes can be included if precaution is used in blending them.  
1.3 This practice is limited to those components that fulfill the following conditions:  
1.3.1 They are completely soluble in the final blend.  
1.3.2 They are not reactive with other blend components or with blend containers.  
1.3.3 The combined vapor pressure of the blended components is such that there is no selective evaporation of any of the components.
1.3.3.1 The butane content of the blend is not to exceed 10 %. (Warning—Extremely flammable liquefied gas under pressure. Vapor reduces oxygen available for breathing.) Components with a vapor pressure higher than butanes are not to be blended.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5306-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Linear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils and Hydraulic Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the flammability or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale test for distinguishing between the relative resistance to ignition of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the evaluation of the relative flammability of flammable, extremely flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the comparison of relative flammability.  
1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7647-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories.  
5.2 Hard particles in lubricating or fluid power systems have a detrimental effect on the system as they cause operating components to wear and also accelerate the degradation of the oil. Hard particles in the oil originate from a variety of sources including generation from within an operating fluid system or contamination, which may occur during the storage and handling of new oils or via ingress into an operating fluid system.  
5.3 High levels of contaminants can cause filter blockages and hard particles can have a serious impact on the life of pumps, pistons, gears, bearings, and other moving parts by accelerating wear and erosion.  
5.4 Particle count results can be used to aid in assessing the capability of the filtration system responsible for cleaning the fluid, determining if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean up the fluid system, or aiding in the decision of whether or not a fluid change is required.  
5.5 To accurately measure hard particle contamination levels, it is necessary to negate the particle counts contributed by the presence of small levels of free water. This method includes a process by which this can be accomplished using a water-masking diluent technique whereby water droplets of a size below the target level are finely distributed.  
5.6 Certain additives or additive by-products that are semi-insoluble or insoluble in oil, namely the polydimethylsiloxane defoamant additive and oxidation by-products, are known to cause light scattering in automatic particle counters, which in turn causes falsely high counts. These and similar materials are commonly termed “soft particles” (see 3.2.4) and are not known to directly increase wear and erosion within an operating system. The contribution of these particles to the particle size cumulative count is negated with this method.  
5.7 The use of dilution i...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.  
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm (c) to 200 µm (c) with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used.
Note 1: For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle.
Note 2: The subscript (c) is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript (c) strictly only applies to particles up to 50 µm.  
1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm2/s at 40 °C. This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement.  
1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method.  
1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method.  
1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according to the latest revision of ISO 11171.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was d...

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.  
5.2 Particles in lubricating and hydraulic oils are detrimental because they increase wear, clog filters and accelerate oil degradation.  
5.3 Particle count may aid in assessing the capability of a filtration system to clean the fluid, determine if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean the fluid, or aid in the decision whether or not to change the fluid.  
5.4 An increase in the concentration and size of wear particles is indicative of incipient failure or component change out. Predictive maintenance by oil analysis monitors the concentration and size of wear particles on a periodic basis to predict failure.  
5.5 High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester.  
1.1.1 The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s at 40 °C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution.  
1.1.2 Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to ≥ 70 μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 100 μm mesh inlet screen.  
1.1.3 Particle concentration measured may be as high as 5 000 000 particles per mL without significant coincidence error.  
1.1.4 Particle shape is determined for particles greater than approximately 20 µm in length. Particles are categorized into the following categories: sliding, cutting, fatigue, nonmetallic, fibers, water droplets, and air bubbles.  
1.1.5 Soot is determined up to approximately 1.5 % by weight.  
1.1.6 This test method uses objects of known linear dimension for calibration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7665-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide2 covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water-free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off