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ASTM F1760-01(2005)e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled Content

Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled Content

ABSTRACT
This specification has been published in response to the special circumstance of regulatory requirements regarding federal procurement guidelines for plastic pipe having recycled content. This specification covers coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe with a center layer and concentric inner and outer solid layers. The pipe is produced using a multi-layer coextrusion die. The inner and outer layers are made of virgin PVC compound and the center layer has reprocessed-recycled PVC content. The pipe is for nonpressure use in three series: Sewer-Drain series; IPS Schedule 40 series; and IPS Pipe Stiffness (PS) series. Quality control test requirement: nondestructive testing; impact resistance; bond integrity; flattening integrity; pipe stiffness; joint integrity, solvent-cement joints; and joint integrity, elastomeric-gasket joints shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification has been published in response to the special circumstance of regulatory requirements regarding federal procurement guidelines for plastic pipe having recycled content.
1.2 This specification covers coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe with a center layer and concentric inner and outer solid layers. The pipe is produced using a multi-layer coextrusion die. The inner and outer layers are made of virgin PVC compound and the center layer has reprocessed-recycled PVC content. The pipe is for non-pressure use in three series:
1.2.1 Sewer-Drain series with a sewer-pipe outside diameter and a pipe stiffness of 46 psi (320 kPa),
1.2.2 IPS Schedule 40 series, and
1.2.3 IPS Pipe Stiffness (PS) series with pipe stiffnesses of 100 psi (690 kPa) and 120 psi (830 kPa).
1.3 Pipe that is outside-diameter controlled does not necessarily have an inside diameter suitable for use as a fitting socket.
1.4 All series may be perforated.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.25 - Vinyl Based Pipe
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1760-01 - Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled Content
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM F1760-01(2011) - Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled Content
Effective Date
01-Feb-2011
Referred By
ASTM F412-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1336-20 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Gasketed Sewer Fittings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM F1760-01(2005)e1 - Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled ContentASTM F1760-01(2005)e1 - Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled Content
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ASTM F1760-01(2005)e1 - Standard Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled Content
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
´1
Designation: F1760 – 01 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic
Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled Content
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Sections 5 and 12 were editorially updated in November 2005.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification has been published in response to the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
special circumstance of regulatory requirements regarding D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
federalprocurementguidelinesforplasticpipehavingrecycled D1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl
content. Chloride Polymers
1.2 This specification covers coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chlo- D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
ride) (PVC) plastic pipe with a center layer and concentric Plastics
inner and outer solid layers. The pipe is produced using a D1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
multi-layer coextrusion die. The inner and outer layers are Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
made of virgin PVC compound and the center layer has (CPVC) Compounds
reprocessed-recycled PVC content. The pipe is for non- D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
pressure use in three series: moplastic Pipe and Fittings
1.2.1 Sewer-Drainserieswithasewer-pipeoutsidediameter D2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
and a pipe stiffness of 46 psi (320 kPa), Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
1.2.2 IPS Schedule 40 series, and D2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-
1.2.3 IPS Pipe Stiffness (PS) series with pipe stiffnesses of tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
100 psi (690 kPa) and 120 psi (830 kPa). Tup (Falling Weight)
1.3 Pipe that is outside-diameter controlled does not neces- D2466 SpecificationforPoly(VinylChloride)(PVC)Plastic
sarily have an inside diameter suitable for use as a fitting Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40
socket. D2665 SpecificationforPoly(VinylChloride)(PVC)Plastic
1.4 All series may be perforated. Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with
as the standard. The SI values are provided for information Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings
only. D3034 Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D4396 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Com-
pounds for Plastic Pipe and Fittings Used in Nonpressure
Applications
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.25 on Vinyl
Based Pipe. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1760–01. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F1760-01R05E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
F1760 – 01 (2005)
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems 4.1.1 Sewer-Drain Series—Produced with a sewer pipe OD
F477 SpecificationforElastomericSeals(Gaskets)forJoin- and a pipe stiffness of 46 psi (320 kPa). Sewer-drain pipe is
ing Plastic Pipe intended for use outside of buildings as sewer, sewer connec-
F512 Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) tions, underground drain, and storm drain. Wall thicknesses
(PVC) Conduit and Fittings for Underground Installation shallbeproducedsothatminimumpipestiffnessesaremet,but
F1336 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Gas- shall not be thinner than the minimum wall thickness require-
keted Sewer Fittings ments in Table 1 and Table 2.
F1365 Test Method for Water Infiltration Resistance of
NOTE 1—Base inside diameters will be slightly smaller than those
Plastic Underground Conduit Joints Which Use Flexible
calculated for SDR 35 sewer-drain series pipe when wall thicknesses are
Elastomeric Seals
increased to ensure minimum 46 pipe stiffness.
2.2 Plastic Pipe Institute Technical Report:
4.1.2 IPS Diameter Family—Produced in a Schedule 40
PPI-TR-7 Recommended Method for Calculation of Nomi-
series and a Pipe Stiffness (PS) series.
nal Weight of Plastic Pipe
4.1.2.1 IPS Schedule 40 Series—Produced to Schedule 40
wall thicknesses in accordance with Table 3 and Table 4.
3. Terminology
Schedule 40 pipe is intended for use as underground drain,
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
DWV (drain, waste, and vent), sewer connections, and other
nologies D883, D1600, and F412, unless otherwise indicated.
non-pressure uses.
3.1.1 coextrusion—a process whereby two or more plastic
4.1.2.2 IPS Pipe Stiffness Series—Produced to pipe stiffness
material streams are forced through one or more shaping
of 100 psi (690 kPa) or 120 psi (830 kPa). Intended uses
orifices and become one continuously formed piece.
include underground communications and electrical distribu-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion. Wall thicknesses shall be produced so that minimum pipe
3.2.1 center-layer compound—general description for “in-
stiffnesses are met, but shall not be thinner than the minimum
ternal recycled material” (3.2.5), “external recycled material”
wall thickness requirements in Table 5 and Table 6.
(3.2.4), and “post-consumer recycled material” (3.2.6). These
NOTE 2—The IPS Pipe Stiffness (PS) series having pipe stiffnesses of
materials can be used straight or blended with virgin materials
100psi(690kPa)and120psi(830kPa)isdesignedfordirectburial(DB).
to make a compound, in accordance with this specification.
Encasement in concrete is not necessary.
3.2.2 certificate of composition—a certificate describing
4.1.3 Before installing pipe for industrial waste disposal
certain properties of an external recycled material or a post-
use, the approval of the code official having jurisdiction should
consumer recycled material.
be obtained, as conditions not commonly found in normal use
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Examples include polymer, molecular
may be encountered.
weight, percentage of inorganic material, contamination type
and level, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and izod
5. Material
impact.
3.2.3 composition disclosure—a document describing the
5.1 Center-layer Compounds—Center-layer compounds
formulation of an external recycled material.
(internal recycled, external recycled, and post-consumer re-
3.2.4 external recycled material—industrial rework gener-
cycled materials) shall be characterized as being PVC-
ated by a different company from the company manufacturing
polymer-based. Other PVC-compatible additives (such as lu-
to this specification. Composition is known by the industrial
bricants, stabilizers, non-polyvinyl-chloride resin modifiers,
source of the material.
pigments, and inorganic fillers) may be present in these
3.2.5 internal recycled material—rework generated by the
materials. The three plastic material types may be used in the
same company’s production that is manufacturing to this
percentages specified in 5.1.1, 5.1.2, and 5.1.3, provided that
specification. Composition of the material is known by the
the pipe produced meets all of the requirements of this
company manufacturing to this specification.
specification.
3.2.6 post-consumer recycled material—finished goods that
5.1.1 Internal Recycled Material—May comprise up to
have been purchased by the public, then returned to industry
100 % of the center layer.This material shall not be used in the
and reprocessed into raw materials. Identity of finished goods
inner or outer layers.
is known by the reprocessing company.
3.2.7 thermoplastic coextruded pipe—pipe consisting of
two or more concentric thermoplastic layers formed through
TABLE 1 Requirements for Sewer-Drain Pipe
the process of coextrusion.
Impact
Nominal Average, Tolerance on Minimum Wall
Resistance,
A
Size, in. OD, in. Average, in. Thickness, in.
ft-lb
4. Classification
4 4.215 60.009 0.120 150
4.1 The pipes are produced in two diameter families:
6 6.275 60.011 0.180 210
sewer-drain and IPS.
8 8.400 60.012 0.240 210
10 10.500 60.015 0.300 220
12 12.500 60.018 0.360 220
15 15.300 60.023 0.437 220
A
Available from Plastic Pipe Institute, 1275 K Street NW, Suite 400, Washing-
Themaximumwallthicknessshallnotbegreaterthan1.25timestheminimum
ton, DC 20005. wall thickness.
´1
F1760 – 01 (2005)
TABLE 2 SI Requirements for Sewer-Drain Pipe TABLE 6 SI Requirements for IPS Pipe-Stiffness Pipe
Nominal Average Tolerance on Minimum Wall Impact Tolerance
Minimum Wall
Out of Impact
A
B,C
Size, in. OD, mm Average, mm Thickness, mm Resistance, J Nominal Average on
Thickness, mm
Round, Resistance,
Size, in. OD, mm Average,
A
4 107.06 60.23 3.05 203 mm J
DB 100 DB 120
mm
6 159.39 60.28 4.57 284
D
8 213.36 60.30 6.10 284 4C 110.49 60.23 2.54 3.58 3.78 135
10 266.70 60.38 7.62 299 4 114.30 60.23 2.54 3.68 3.91 135
5 141.30 60.25 2.54 4.55 4.85 165
12 317.50 60.46 9.14 299
15 388.62 60.58 11.10 299 6 168.28 60.28 2.54 5.41 5.77 205
A A
Themaximumwallthicknessshallnotbegreaterthan1.25timestheminimum “Out of Round” is defined as maximum diameter minus minimum diameter.
B
wall thickness. Themaximumwallthicknessshallnotbegreaterthan1.25timestheminimum
wall thickness.
C
Minimum wall-thickness values are based on skin modulus of 400 000 psi
TABLE 3 Requirements for IPS Schedule 40 Pipe
combined with center-layer modulus of 500 000 psi.
D
This is not an IPS OD, but is a standard-OD pipe-stiffness pipe used by
Minimum
Tolerance Out of Pipe Impact
communications utilities.
Nominal Average Wall
on Round, Stiffness, Resistance,
Size, in. OD, in. Thickness,
A
Average, in. in. psi ft-lb
B
in.
1 ⁄4 1.660 60.005 0.060 0.140 1100 60
5.1.3 Post-Consumer Recycled Material—Maycompriseup
1 ⁄2 1.900 60.006 0.060 0.145 800 60
to a maximum of 60 % by weight of center layer.This material
2 2.375 60.006 0.060 0.154 450 60
3 3.500 60.008 0.060 0.216 400 80
shall not be used in the inner or outer layers.
4 4.500 60.009 0.100 0.237 250 100
6 6.625 60.011 0.100 0.280 120 120
NOTE 3—Post-consumer recycled material is limited to 60 % by weight
8 8.625 60.015 0.150 0.322 80 140
ofthecenterlayerduetocurrenttechnology.Asmoreexperienceisgained
10 10.750 60.015 0.150 0.365 60 160
with process and materials, this standard may be amended to increase the
12 12.750 60.015 0.150 0.406 50 180
percentage.
A
“Out of Round” is defined as maximum diameter minus minimum diameter.
B
Themaximumwallthicknessshallnotbegreaterthan1.25timestheminimum
5.1.4 Whenrequestedbythepipemanufacturer,thesupplier
wall thickness.
shall provide with the external recycled and post-consumer
recycled materials a certificate of composition, a composition
TABLE 4 SI Requirements for IPS Schedule 40 Pipe
disclosure, or both.
Tolerance
Out of Pipe Impact 5.1.5 Virgin PVC homopolymer having an inherent viscos-
Nominal Average on Minimum
Round, Stiffness, Resistance,
B
Size, in. OD, mm Average, Wall, mm ity greater than 0.68 (K-value 57) may be blended with
A
mm kPa J
mm
center-layer compounds and compounding ingredients (lubri-
1 ⁄4 42.16 60.13 1.52 3.56 7600 80
cants, stabilizers, non-polyvinyl-chloride resin modifiers, pig-
1 ⁄2 48.26 60.15 1.52 3.68 5500 80
ments,andinorganicfillers)foruseinthecenterlayer.Inherent
2 60.32 60.15 1.52 3.91 3100 80
viscosity shall be determined in accordance with Test Method
3 88.90 60.20 1.52 5.49 2750 110
4 114.30 60.23 2.54 6.02 1700 135
D1243.
6 168.28 60.28 2.54 7.11 830 160
5.2 Inner and outer layers shall be made of virgin ho-
8 219.08 60.38 3.81 8.18 550 190
mopolymer PVC. Rework materials are not allowed.
10 273.05 60.38 3.81 9.27 415 220
12 323.85 60.38 3.81 10.31 340 240
5.3 Cell Classification—Properties of the compounds used
A
“Out of Round” is defined as maximum diameter minus minimum diameter.
to manufacture pipe in accordance with this standard shall be
B
Themaximumwallthicknessshallnotbegreaterthan1.25timestheminimum
categorized using the cell classification method. The required
wall thickness.
cell values are considered minimums; compounds having
higher values than those listed are considered acceptable.
TABLE 5 Requirements for IPS Pipe-Stiffness Pipe
5.3.1 Material for the Sewer-Drain series shall be catego-
Tolerance
Minimum Wall
Out of Impact
BC
rized using Specification D1784. Compound for the inner and
Nominal Average on
Thickness, in.
Round, Resistance,
Size, in. OD, in. Average,
A
outer layers shall have a minimum cell class of 12454, or
in. ft-lb
DB 100 DB 120
in.
12364 and for the center layer 12223.
D
4C 4.350 60.009 0.100 0.141 0.149 100
5.3.2 Material for the IPS Schedule 40 series shall be
4 4.500 60.009 0.100 0.145 0.154 100
5 5.563 60.010 0.100 0.179 0.191 120 categorized using Specification D4396. Compound for the
6 6.625 60.011 0.100 0.213 0.227 150
inside and outside layers shall have a minimum cell class of
A
“Out of Round” is defined as maximum diameter minus minimum diameter.
11432, and for the center layer 11211. Compound for all layers
B
Themaximumwallthicknessshallnotbegreaterthan1.25timestheminimum
shallmeetthechemical-resistancerequirementofSpecification
wall thickness.
C
D4396 with a 130°F (55°C), 14-day immersion.
Minimum wall-thickness values are based on skin modulus of 400 000 psi
combined with center-layer modulus of 500 000 psi.
5.3.3 Material for the IPS Pipe Stiffness (PS) series shall be
D
This is not an IPS OD, but is a standard-OD pipe-stiffness pipe used by
categorized using Specification D1784. Compound for the
communications utilities.
inner and outer layers shall have a minimum cell class of
12234, and for the center layer 12223.
5.1.2 External Recycled Material—May comprise up to 5.4 Color—The center layer fo
...

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This specification covers the requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, stiffness factor, extrusion quality, and test procedures for extruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for machine-made field fabrication of spirally wound pipe liners in the rehabilitation of a variety of existing pipelines and conduits including sanitary sewers, storm water sewers, process flow piping, and non-circular pipelines (such as arched or oval shapes and rectangular shapes) under gravity flow conditions. Certification, packaging, and product marking for quality assurance are also considered.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide extruded PVC profile strip suitable for the field fabrication of spirally wound liner pipe for the rehabilitation of existing pipelines and conduits conveying sewage, process flow, and storm water under gravity flowconditions.
Note 3: Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant code authority since chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may be encountered.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, stiffness factor, extrusion quality, and a form of marking for extruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for machine made field fabrication of spirally wound pipe liners in the rehabilitation of a variety of gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping in diameters of 6 to 180 in. and for similar sizes of non-circular pipelines such as arched or oval shapes and rectangular shapes.  
1.2 Profile strip produced to this specification is for use in field fabrication of spirally wound liner pipes in nonpressure sewer and conduit rehabilitation, where the spirally wound liner pipe is expanded until it presses against the interior surface of the existing sewer or conduit, or, alternatively, where the spirally wound liner pipe is inserted as a fixed diameter into the existing sewer or conduit and the annular space between the liner pipe and the existing sewer or conduit is grouted.  
1.3 This specification includes extruded profile strips made only from materials specified in 5.1.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2241-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe made in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure rated for water. Poly(vinyl chloride) plastics used to make pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are categorized in two criteria: short-term strength tests, and long-term strength tests. The products covered by this specification are intended for use with the distribution of pressurized liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. The material shall conform to the required wall thickness, sustained pressure, burst pressure, flattening, extrusion quality, and impact resistance. It shall be subject to an accelerated regression test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe made in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure rated for water (see appendix). Included are criteria for classifying PVC plastic pipe materials and PVC plastic pipe, a system of nomenclature for PVC plastic pipe, and requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, sustained pressure, burst pressure, flattening, and extrusion quality. Methods of marking are also given.  
1.2 The products covered by this specification are intended for use with the distribution of pressurized liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.
Note 1: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.
Note 2: This standard specifies dimensional, performance and test requirements for plumbing and fluid handling applications, but does not address venting of combustion gases.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in Note 9.
Note 3: CPVC plastic pipe (SDR-PR), which was formerly included in this specification, is now covered by Specification F442/F442M.  
Note 4: The sustained and burst pressure test requirements, and the pressure ratings in the appendix, are calculated from stress values obtained from tests made on pipe 4 in. (100 mm) and smaller. However, tests conducted on pipe as large as 24 in. (600 mm) in diameter have shown these stress values to be valid for larger diameter PVC pipe.  
Note 5: PVC pipe made to this specification is often belled for use as line pipe. For details of the solvent cement bell, see Specification D2672 and for details of belled elastomeric joints, see Specifications D3139 and D3212.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrier...

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ASTM
ASTM F2618-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Fittings for Chemical Waste Drainage Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements of CPVC pipe, fittings and solvent cements used in chemical waste drainage systems.  
1.2 A system is made up of pipe, fittings and solvent cement that meet the requirements of this standard.
Note 1: Consult the manufacturer’s chemical resistance recommendations for chemical waste drainage applications prior to use.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes and appendices that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The pressure tests described in this standard are laboratory hydrostatic tests that are intended to verify joint/system integrity. They are not intended for use as field tests of installed systems.  
1.5 Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, no such testing shall be done unless the component manufacturer gives approval in writing.
Note 2: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy, which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.  
1.6 Mechanical joints used for joining pipe and fittings of different materials are provided for in this specification. They include common flanges, couplings, and unions.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 3: This specification specifies dimensional, performance, and test requirements for fluid handling applications but does not address venting of combustion gases.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2665-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions and tolerances, pipe stiffness, crush resistance, impact resistance, hydrostatic burst resistance, and solvent cement for poly(vinyl chloride) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe and fittings. The pipe and fittings covered are suitable for the drainage and venting of sewage and certain other liquid wastes. A form of marking is also included. The pipe and fittings shall be made of virgin PVC compounds of defined specification. The pipe shall conform to the required stiffness, deflection load and flattening. The fittings shall be subject to hydrostatic burst pressure. The pipe and fittings shall be subject to impact resistance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions and tolerances, pipe stiffness, crush resistance, impact resistance, and solvent cement for poly(vinyl chloride) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe and fittings. A form of marking is also included. Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is excluded. Installation procedures are given in the Appendix.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1734-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Qualification of a Combination of Squeeze Tool, Pipe, and Squeeze-Off Procedures to Avoid Long-Term Damage in Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice relies on a screening process using visual inspection followed by 80 °C sustained pressure testing to qualify a squeeze-off process.  
4.2 Squeeze-off is widely used to temporarily control the flow of gas in PE pipe. Squeeze tools vary in squeeze bar shape and size, operating method, and available stop gaps depending on the tool manufacturer and the size of the pipe the tool will be used on. Multiple squeeze tools are required for a range of pipe size and DR combinations. Squeeze-off procedures can vary depending on the tool design, pipe material, pipe size and DR, pipe operating conditions, and pipe environmental conditions.  
4.3 Experience indicates that damage leading to gas pipe failure is possible with some combinations of polyethylene material, pipe temperature, tool design, wall compression percentage, and procedure. This practice is useful for determining the suitability of a tool for squeeze-off and for determining acceptable limits for squeeze-off such as acceptable minimum and maximum pipe temperature for squeeze and acceptable line pressure for squeeze. Tests conducted at different pipe temperatures with various sizes of tools and pipes can be used to verify a range of temperatures, tool sizes, and pipe sizes for which the squeeze-off procedure is applicable.  
4.4 The area of wrinkling at the ears on the inside diameter (ID) of the pipe and the area on the outside of the pipe opposite the ears are examined. Evidence of any one or a combination of void formation, cracks or extensive localized stress whitening, or failure during sustained pressure testing disqualifies the squeeze-off process.  
4.5 Typical unacceptable features implying long-term damage are shown in Appendix X1 photographs.  
4.6 Studies of polyethylene pipe extruded in the late 1980s (PE2306 and PE3408) show that damage typically does not develop when the wall compression percentage is 30 % or less, when closure rates are 2 in./minute or less and release rates are...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers qualifying a combination of a squeeze tool, a polyethylene gas pipe, and a squeeze-off procedure to avoid long-term damage in polyethylene gas pipe. Qualifying is conducted by examining the inside and outside surfaces of pipe specimens at and near the squeeze to determine the existence of features indicative of long-term damage. If indicative features are absent, sustained pressure testing in accordance with Test Method D1598 is conducted to confirm the viability of the squeeze-off process.  
Note 1: This practice may be useful for evaluating the effects of squeeze-off of other piping materials. If applied to other piping materials, research testing to confirm the applicability of this practice to other materials should be conducted.
Note 2: Qualification of historic pipe should follow the historic version of F1734 closest to the pipe manufactured data.  
1.2 This practice is appropriate for any combination of squeeze tool, PE gas pipe, and squeeze-off procedure.  
1.3 This practice is for use by squeeze-tool manufacturers and gas utilities to qualify squeeze tools made in accordance with Test Method F1563; and squeeze-off procedures based on with Guide F1041 with pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification D2513.  
1.4 Governing codes and project specifications should be consulted. Nothing in this practice should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.  
1.5 Where applicable in this practice, “pipe” shall mean “pipe and tubing.”  
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standar...

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ASTM
ASTM F2509-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Field-assembled Anodeless Riser Kits for Use on Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and Polyamide-11 (PA11) Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the qualification requirements and test methods for field-assembled anodeless riser kits for use with outside diameter controlled polyethylene gas distribution pipes and tubing in sizes of up to 2 IPS. The anodeless riser kits shall be manufactured in accordance with the specified materials, physical properties, and design, which include the riser casings, moisture seals, threads, bend radius, coatings, welding procedures, and riser adapter to riser casing connections. The riser adapter to riser casing connections shall tested by tensile pull testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for field-assembled anodeless riser kits for use with outside diameter controlled polyethylene and PA11 gas distribution pipe and tubing in sizes through 2 IPS as specified in Specification D2513 polyethylene and Specification F2945 for PA11.  
1.2 The test methods described are not intended to be routine quality control tests.  
1.3 This specification covers the types of field-assembled anodeless riser kits described in 3.3.2.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures), shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1473-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful to measure the slow crack growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials at accelerated conditions such as 80 °C, 2.4 MPa stress, and with a sharp notch.  
5.2 The testing time or time to failure depends on the following test parameters: temperature; stress; notch depth; and specimen geometry. Increasing temperature, stress, and notch depth decrease the time to failure. Material parameters, not controlled by the laboratory, that could impact the test results (time to failure) are: pigment (color or carbon black) and the carrier resin for the pigment, or both. Thus, in reporting the test time or time to failure, all the conditions of the test shall be specified.  
Note 4: Time to failure can also be affected by the degree of pigment (color or carbon black) dispersion and distribution within the test specimen. Test Method D5596 and ISO 18553 provide methods for assessing the degree of dispersion and distribution of the pigment
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyethylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions specified within.
Note 1: This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.  
1.2 The standard test is performed at 80 °C and at 2.4 MPa, but it shall be acceptable to conduct tests at a temperature below 80 °C and with other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. The standard test is conducted in an air environment; however, it shall be acceptable to immerse test specimens in an alternate environment such as water or a water/detergent solution, or other liquid or a different environment such as an inert gas to evaluate slow crack growth performance in different environments. Generally, polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80 °C if the stress is at or below 2.4 MPa
Note 2: When testing in environments other than air, it is recommended to consider maintaining the efficacy of the test media (for example, a detergent solution) to minimize any effect of aging.  
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques.2 See Appendix X1 for information relating to specimens from pipe.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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