ASTM D36/D36M-14(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Bitumens are viscoelastic materials without sharply defined melting points; they gradually become softer and less viscous as the temperature rises. For this reason, softening points must be determined by an arbitrary and closely defined method if results are to be reproducible.
4.2 The softening point is useful in the classification of bitumens, as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply, and is indicative of the tendency of the material to flow at elevated temperatures encountered in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the softening point of bitumen in the range from 30 to 157 °C [86 to 315 °F] using the ring-and-ball apparatus immersed in distilled water [30 to 80 °C] or USP glycerin (above 80 to 157 °C).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D36/D36M − 14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
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Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D36/D36M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the soft-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ening point of bitumen in the range from 30 to 157 °C [86 to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
315 °F] using the ring-and-ball apparatus immersed in distilled
water [30 to 80 °C] or USP glycerin (above 80 to 157 °C).
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1 Two horizontal disks of bitumen, cast in shouldered
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
brass rings, are heated at a controlled rate in a liquid bath while
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
each supports a steel ball.The softening point is reported as the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
mean of the temperatures at which the two disks soften enough
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
to allow each ball, enveloped in bitumen, to fall a distance of
with the standard.
25 mm [1.0 in.].
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Bitumens are viscoelastic materials without sharply
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
defined melting points; they gradually become softer and less
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
viscous as the temperature rises. For this reason, softening
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
points must be determined by an arbitrary and closely defined
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
method if results are to be reproducible.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 The softening point is useful in the classification of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
bitumens, as one element in establishing the uniformity of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
shipments or sources of supply, and is indicative of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tendency of the material to flow at elevated temperatures
encountered in service.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
5.1 Rings—Two square-shouldered brass rings conforming
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1(a).
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
5.2 Pouring Plate—A flat, smooth, brass plate approxi-
Open Cup Tester
mately 50 by 75 mm [2 by 3 in.].
D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
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D3461 Test Method for Softening Point ofAsphalt and Pitch
5.3 Balls—Two steel balls, 9.5 mm [ ⁄8 in.] in diameter, each
(Mettler Cup-and-Ball Method)
having a mass of 3.50 6 0.05 g.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5.4 Ball-Centering Guides—Two brass guides for centering
the steel balls, one for each ring, conforming to the general
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing shape and dimensions shown in Fig. 1(b).
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on
5.5 Bath—A glass vessel, capable of being heated, not less
Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up
Roofing. than 85 mm in inside diameter and not less than 120 mm in
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
depth from the bottom of the flare.
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D36 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D0036_D0036M-14R20.
NOTE 1—An 800-mL, low-form Griffin beaker of heat-resistant glass
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
meets this requirement.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.6 Ring Holder and Assembly—A brass holder designed to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. support the two rings in a horizontal position, conforming to
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