ASTM A340-21

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2021
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A340 −21
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysisanddifferentialequationssoastomakethedefinitionsmoreintelligibletotheaverageworker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International ElectrotechnicalVocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Terminology and Definitions.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A340 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/A0340-21.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
a cross-sectional area of B coil E induced secondary voltage
2
A cross-sectional area of specimen E flux volts
f
A' solid area f cyclic frequency in hertz
B ^ magnetomotive force
magnetic flux density
ff form factor
H
magnetic induction H magnetic field strength
∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
∆B excursion range of induction
b
B biased flux density H coercive field strength
b cB
B demagnetization flux density H intrinsic coercive field strength
d cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
B H energy product
d d d
(BH) maximum energy product H incremental magnetic field strength
∆
max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
B incremental flux density
∆ L
B intrinsic flux density peak value of magnetizing current)
i
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
m m
static hysteresis loop esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
max max
dynamic hysteresis loop current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
B residual flux density
r p
B saturation flux density peak value of exciting current)
s
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
cf crest factor
t
dent with B )
CM cyclically magnetized condition max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
d lamination thickness
z
peak value of exciting current)
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor I ac exciting current (rms value)
m
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A340−21
I ac core loss current (rms value) S lamination factor (stacking factor)
c
I constant current SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value) T Curie temperature
m c
J magnetic polarization w lamination width
J residual magnetic polarization W hysteresis energy loss
r h
J saturation magnetic polarization linear expansion, coefficient (average)
α¯
s
k' coupling coefficient
∆χ incremental tolerance
! flux path length
β hysteretic angle
! effective flux path length
1 γ loss angle
! gap length
cos γ magnetic power factor
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
γ proton gyromagnetic ratio
p
+ mutual flux linkage
m µ magnetic constant
0
L self inductance
δ density
L core inductance
1 κ susceptibility
L incremental inductance
ac Permeabilities:
∆
L intrinsic inductance
i µ ideal permeability
a
L mutual inductance
µ inductance permeability
m
L
L initial inductance
0 µ L incremental inductance permeability
∆
L series inductance
µ initial dynamic permeability
s
0d
L winding inductance
w µ peak permeability
p
m magnetic moment
µ incremental peak permeability
∆p
M magnetization
µ instantaneous permeability
i
M residual magnetization
r µ impedance permeability
z
M saturation magnetization
µ incremental impedance permeability
s
∆z
m total mass of a specimen
dc Permeabilities:
m acti
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 20 A340 − 21
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
a cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic flux density
H
magnetic induction
ΔB excursion range of induction
B biased flux density
b
B remanent flux density
d
B demagnetization flux density
d
B H energy product
d d
(BH) maximum energy product
max
B incremental flux density
Δ
B intrinsic flux density
i
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
m
static hysteresis loop
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
max
dynamic hysteresis loop
B residual flux density
r
B saturation flux density
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved June 15, 2020Feb. 1, 2021. Published July 2020February 2021. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
A340 – 19b.A340 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/A0340-20.10.1520/A0340-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 21
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
ΔH excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
Δ
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
z
peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
J residual magnetic polarization
r
J saturation magnetic polarization
s
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental inductance
Δ
L intrinsic inductance
i
L mutual inductance
m
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
M magnetization
M residual magnetization
r
M saturation magnetization
s
m total mass of a specimen
m active mass of a specimen
1
N demagnetizing factor
N turns in a primary winding
1
N turns in a secondary winding
2
p magnetic pole strength
3 permeance
P active (real) power
P apparent power
a
P specific apparen
...