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ASTM D5429-93

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Pretreatment of Backing Fabrics Used in Textile Conservation Research (Withdrawn 2000)

Standard Practice for Pretreatment of Backing Fabrics Used in Textile Conservation Research (Withdrawn 2000)

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the washing, rinsing, drying, ironing, and related testing of backing fabrics prior to their use in textile conservation research. Both sturdy and delicate pretreatment procedures for backing fabrics are described.
1.2 This practice applies only to the pretreatment of the backing fabrics with which a textile artifact might be in contact. This practice is not to be applied to any textile artifact, whether it be fragile, sturdy, historic, or contemporary, as other considerations and treatments would be required. Decisions regarding the conservation treatment of textile artifacts should be made only by textile conservators.
1.3 This practice on pretreatment of backing fabrics used in textile conservation research is limited to use on greige goods. Considerations for dyed or bleached backing fabric will not be addressed in this practice.
1.4 The procedures in this practice concern:
1.4.1 Removal of sizings and any impurities left in the backing fabric from the manufacturing process,
1.4.2 Preshrinking of the backing fabric, and
1.4.3 Testing for impurities.
1.5 All backing fabrics used in textile conservation research should be pretreated before use. Even greige fabrics obtained as "preshrunk" and "desized" should be pretreated to further reduce shrinkage and residual amounts of sizing and impurities. Residual shrinkage and impurities might be a source of unwanted variability in research.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-1992
Withdrawal Date
09-Mar-2000
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5429-04 - Standard Practice for Pretreatment of Backing Fabrics Used in Textile Conservation Research (Withdrawn 2009)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004

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ASTM D5429-93 - Standard Practice for Pretreatment of Backing Fabrics Used in Textile Conservation Research (Withdrawn 2000)ASTM D5429-93 - Standard Practice for Pretreatment of Backing Fabrics Used in Textile Conservation Research (Withdrawn 2000)
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ASTM D5429-93 - Standard Practice for Pretreatment of Backing Fabrics Used in Textile Conservation Research (Withdrawn 2000)
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Standards Content (Sample)

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
@ Designation: D 5429 - 93
1916 RaceSt Philadelphia, Pa 19103
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
If not listed in the current combined inde& will appear in the next edition.
Standard Practice for
Pretreatment of Backing Fabrics Used in Textile Conservation
Research‘
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5429; the number immediately foilowing the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (c) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
AATCC Test Method 81 Determination of pH of the
1. Scope
Water-Extract from Bleached Textiles5
1.1 This practice covers the washing, rinsing, drying,
2.3 Other Document:
ironing, and related testing of backing fabrics prior to their
Spot Tests for Identification of Warp Sizes on Fabrics6
use in textile Conservation research. Both sturdy and delicate
pretreatment procedures for backing fabrics are described.
3. Terminology
1.2 This practice applies only to the pretreatment of the
3.1 Definitions:
backing fabrics with which a textile artifact might be in
3.1.1 backing fabric, n-in textile conservation, a support
contact. This practice is not to be applied to any textile
textile fabric located behind the textile artifact.
artifact, whether it be fragile, sturdy, historic, or contempo-
3.1.1.1 Discussion-Backing fabric is a general term for
rary, as other considerations and treatments would be
fabric used in a variety of treatments such as: a foundation
required. Decisions regarding the conservation treatment of
fabric for an entire area or a patch in a localized area; a
textile artifacts should be made only by textile conservators.
mounting fabric to be stretched on a strainer; a loose lining;
1.3 This practice on pretreatment of backing fabrics used
or an interleaf fabric that separates textiles in a storage
in textile conservation research is limited to use on greige
drawer. Occasionally an additional backing fabric piece;
goods. Considerations for dyed or bleached backing fabric
usually thin and sheer, may be used on the surface of a textile
will not be addressed in this practice.
artifact to protect the face side.
1.4 The procedures in this practice concern:
3.1.2 block, v-to align warp and weft yams at right
1.4.1 Removal of sizings and any impurities left in the
angles, by some form of manipulation.
backing fabric from the manufacturing process,
3.1.3 delicate pretreatment procedure, n-in textile con-
1.4.2 Preshrinking of the backing fabric, and
servation, the washing, rinsing, drying, and pressing actions
1.4.3 Testing for impurities.
followed when fabrics are of certain yam and fabric con-
1.5 All backing fabrics used in textile conservation re-
structions or fiber contents, such as lightweight or sheer
search should be pretreated before use. Even greige fabrics
fabrics, fine yarns, silks, or wools. (Compare sturdy
obtained as “preshrunk” and “desized” should be pretreated
pretreatment procedure.)
to further reduce shrinkage and residual amounts of sizing
3.1.3.1 Discussion-Shorter wash and rinse times, gentle
and impurities. Residual shrinkage and impurities might be a
agitation, and reduced temperatures are used in the delicate
source of unwanted variability in research,
pretreatment procedure.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 greigegoods, n-textile fabrics that have received no
safity problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bleaching, dyeing, or finishing treatment after being pro-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
duced by any textile process.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 hardness, n-in water, dissolved salts of calcium,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
magnesium, and other cations that destroy the action of
soap; expressed as parts per million (ppm) or grains per
gallon @/gal) of calcium carbonate. (Compare softness.)
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5.1 Discussion-When calcium and magnesium salts
are present in water, they react with (a) carbonates from soil,
2.1 ASTA# Standards:
(b) carbonate-built detergents, or (c) the fatty acid portion of
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2
soap to form an undesirable, insoluble precipitate,
D 2960 Method of Controlled Laundering Test Using
3.1.6 hard water, n-in textile conservation, water having
Naturally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances3
a concentration of more than 60 ppm (3.5 gr/gal) hardness
D 5038 Terminology of Textile Conservation4
calculated as calcium carbonate.
2.2 AATCC Test Method:
3.1.6.1 Discussion-The range of water hardness as estab-
lished by the U.S. Geological Survey (reported in Method
This practice is under the jurisdiction
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
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Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
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ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off