ASTM G155-00
(Practice)Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using xenon arc light and water apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.
Note 1--Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice G26, which describes very specific designs for devices used for xenon-arc exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G26 is covered by this practice.
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered xenon arc light under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of xenon arc light sources and different filter combinations are described.
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G 151 and ISO 4892-1. More specific information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of the lamp(s), it shall be carried away from the test specimens and operating personnel by an exhaust system.
1.6 This practice is technically similar to the following ISO documents: ISO 4892-2, ISO 1134, ISO 105 B02, ISO 105 B04, ISO 105 B05, and ISO 105 B06.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: G 155 – 00
Standard Practice for
Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-
Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This practice is technically similar to the following ISO
documents: ISO 4892-2, ISO 1134, ISO 105 B02, ISO 105
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
B04, ISO 105 B05, and ISO 105 B06.
procedures for using xenon arc light and water apparatus
intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when
2. Referenced Documents
materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through
2.1 ASTM Standards:
window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. This
D 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring,
Related Materials
and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the
G 26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
material to be tested.
(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
NOTE 1—Practice G 151 describes performance criteria for all exposure 4
of Nonmetallic Materials
devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice
G 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial
G 26, which describes very specific designs for devices used for xenon-arc
Weathering Tests for Nonmetallic Materials
exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G 26 iscovered by this
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
practice.
celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered xenon arc light
Sources
under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of
2.2 CIE Standards:
xenon arc light sources and different filter combinations are
CIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommendations for the Integrated
described.
Irradiance and the Spectral Distribution of Simulated
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are
Solar Radiation for Testing Purposes
covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific
2.3 International Standards Organization Standards:
materials. General guidance is given in Practice G 151 and ISO
ISO 1134, Paint and Varnishes—Artificial Weathering Ex-
4892-1. More specific information about methods for deter-
posure to Artificial Radiation to Filtered Xenon Arc
mining the change in properties after exposure and reporting
Radiation
these results is described in ISO 4582.
ISO 105 B02, Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B02
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Colorfastness to Artificial Light: Xenon Arc Fading Lamp
standard.
Test
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 105 B04, Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B04
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Colorfastness to Artificial Weathering: Xenon Arc Fading
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Lamp Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ISO 105 B05, Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B05
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Detection and Assessment of Photochromism
1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of
ISO 105 B06, Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B06
the lamp(s), it shall be carried away from the test specimens
and operating personnel by an exhaust system.
Discontinued 1998. See 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-3 on Weathering Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.03 on Available from Secretary, U.S. National Committee, CIE, National Institute of
Simulated and Controlled Exposure Tests. Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
published as G 155 – 97. Last previous edition G 155 – 98. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G 155
Colorfastness to Artificial Light at High Temperatures: effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures may
Xenon Arc Fading Lamp Test include a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen.
ISO 4582, Plastics—Determination of the Changes of Co- Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused
lour and Variations in Properties After Exposure to Day- by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollu-
light Under Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial Light tion, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively,
ISO 4892-1, Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through
Light Sources, Part 1, General Guidance window glass. Typically, these exposures would include mois-
ISO 4892-2, Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory ture in the form of humidity.
Light Sources, Part 2, Xenon-Arc Sources
NOTE 2—Caution: Refer to Practice G 151 for full cautionary guidance
2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers’ Standards:
applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.
SAE J1885, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior
5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operating
Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Water
7 conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice.
Cooled Xenon Arc Apparatus
Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of
SAE J1960, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior
this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the
Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled
specific operating conditions in conformance with the Report
Xenon Arc Apparatus
Section.
5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known
3. Terminology
performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology
test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes.
G 113 are applicable to this practice.
It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical
3.2.1 As used in this practice, the term sunlight is identical
evaluation of results.
to the terms daylight and solar irradiance, global as they are
6. Apparatus
defined in Terminology G 113.
6.1 Laboratory Light Source—The light source shall be one
4. Summary of Practice
or more quartz jacketed xenon arc lamps which emit radiation
4.1 Specimens are exposed to repetitive cycles of light and
from below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible
moisture under controlled environmental conditions.
spectrum and into the infrared. In order for xenon arcs to
4.1.1 Moisture is usually produced by spraying the test
simulate terrestrial daylight, filters must be used to remove
specimen with demineralized/deionized water or by condensa-
short wavelength UV radiation. Filters to reduce irradiance at
tion of water vapor onto the specimen.
wavelengths shorter than 310 nm must be used to simulate
4.2 The exposure condition may be varied by selection of:
daylight filtered through window glass. In addition, filters to
4.2.1 Lamp filter(s),
remove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealistic
4.2.2 The lamp’s irradiance level,
heating of test specimens that can cause thermal degradation
4.2.3 The type of moisture exposure,
not experienced during outdoor exposures.
4.2.4 The timing of the light and moisture exposure,
6.1.1 The following factors can affect the spectral power
4.2.5 The temperature of light exposure,
distribution of filtered xenon arc light sources as used in these
4.2.6 The temperature of moisture exposure, and
apparatus:
4.2.7 The timing of a light/dark cycle.
6.1.1.1 Differences in the composition and thickness of
4.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed
filters can have large effects on the amount of short wavelength
in the same model of apparatus should not be made unless
UV radiation transmitted.
reproducibility has been established among devices for the
6.1.1.2 Aging of filters can result in changes in filter
material to be tested.
transmission. The aging properties of filters can be influenced
4.4 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed
by the composition. Aging of filters can result in a significant
in different models of apparatus should not be made unless
reduction in the short wavelength UV emission of a xenon
correlation has been established among devices for the material
burner.
to be tested.
6.1.1.3 Accumulation of deposits or other residue on filters
can effect filter transmission.
5. Significance and Use
6.1.1.4 Aging of the xenon burner itself can result in
changes in lamp output. Changes in lamp output may also be
5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property
changes associated with the end use conditions, including the caused by accumulation of dirt or other residue in or on the
burner envelope.
6.1.2 Follow the device manufacturer’s instructions for
7 recommended maintenance.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096. 6.1.3 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc with Daylight
G 155
TABLE 2 Relative Spectral Power Distribution Specification for
Filters—Filters are used to filter xenon arc lamp emissions in
Xenon Arc with Window Glass Filters
a simulation of terrestrial sunlight. The spectral power distri-
,
8 9
Xenon Arc with Window Glass Estimated Window Glass
bution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filters shall
Bandpass, nm
A B
Filters Filtered Sunlight
comply with the requirements specified in Table 1.
Ultraviolet Wavelength Region
6.1.4 Other filters which allow more short wavelength UV
Irradiance as a percentage of total irradiance from 300 to 400 nm
are sometimes used to accelerate the test results. The spectra
produced will fall outside of these limits in the short wave- 290–300 <0.1 % 0 %
301–320 0.0–3.3 % 0.1–1.5 %
length region. Use of these filters is not recommended.
321–340 1.9–14.3 % 9.4–14.8 %
6.1.5 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Window Glass
341–360 18.8–23.0 % 23.2–23.5 %
361–380 27.5–34.1 % 29.6–32.5 %
Filters—Filters are used to filter xenon arc lamp emissions in
381–400 31.8–46.7 % 30.9–34.5 %
a simulation of sunlight filtered through window glass. Table
2 shows the relative spectral power distribution limits for
Ultraviolet and Visible Wavelength Region
C
Irradiance as a percentage of total irradiance from 300 to 800 nm
xenon arcs filtered with window glass filters. The spectral
power distribution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filters
D
300–400 8.6–10.4 % 9.0–11.1 %
D
shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 2.
401–700 64.2–80.8 % 71.3–73.1 %
6.1.6 The actual irradiance at the tester’s specimen plane is A
Xenon arc data—The ranges given are based on spectral power distribution
a function of the number of xenon burners used, the power measurements made for water- and air-cooled devices with various lots and ages
of window glass filters. The ranges given are based on three sigma limits from the
applied to each, and the distance between the test specimens
averages of this data. Xenon arc filters that provide a spectral power distribution
and the xenon burner. If appropriate, report the irradiance and
closer to window glass filtered sunlight than those that are shown in these tables
the bandpass in which it was measured. are considered to meet the requirements of this standard.
B
Sunlight data—The sunlight data is for global irradiance on a horizontal surface
with an air mass of 1.2, column ozone 0.294 atm cm, 30 % relative humidity,
Ketola, W., Skogland, T., Fischer, R., “Effects of Filter and Burner Aging on the
altitude 2100 m (atmospheric pressure of 787.8 mb), and an aerosol represented
Spectral Power Distribution of Xenon Arc Lamps,” Durability Testing of Non-
by an optical thickness of 0.081 at 300 nm and 0.62 at 400 nm. The range is
Metallic Materials, ASTM STP 1294, Robert Herling, Editor, ASTM, Philadelphia,
determined by multiplying solar irradiance by the upper and lower limits for
1995.
transmission of single strength window glass samples used for studies conducted
Searle, N. D., Giesecke, P., Kinmonth, R., and Hirt, R. C., “Ultraviolet Spectral
by ASTM Subcommittee G03.02.
C
Distributions and Aging Characteristics of Xenon Arcs and Filters,” Applied Optics,
Data from 701 to 800 nm is not shown.
D
Vol. No. 8, 1964, pp. 923–927.
Sunlight data—The sunlight data is from Table 4 of CIE Publication Number 85,
Ketola, W., Robbins, J. S., “UV Transmission of Single Strength Window
global solar irradiance on a horizontal surface with an air mass of 1.0, column
Glass,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTM ozone of 0.34 atm cm, 1.42-cm precipitable water vapor, and an aerosol
STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, Editors, ASTM, Philadelphia, represented by an optical thickness of 0.1 at 500 nm. The range is determined by
multiplying solar irradiance by the upper and lower limits for transmission of single
1993.
strength window glass samples used for studies conducted by ASTM Subcommit-
tee G03.02.
TABLE 1 Relative Spectal Power Distribution Specification for
Xenon Arc with Daylight Filters
6.2 Test Chamber—The design of the test chamber may
A,B C
Bandpass, nm Xenon Arc with Daylight Filters Sunlight
vary, but it should be constructed from corrosion resistant
Ultraviolet Wavelength Region
material and, in addition to the radiant source, may provide for
Irradiance as a percentage of total irradiance from 300 to 400 nm
means of controlling temperature and relative humidity. When
required, provision shall be made for the spraying of water on
290–300 <1 % 0 %
301–320 2.1–6.4 % 5.6 %
the test specimen, for the formation of condensate on the
321–340 11.1–15.0 % 18.5 %
exposed face of the specimen or for the immersion of the test
341–360 19.4–23.3 % 21.7 %
specimen in water.
361–380 26.3–29.3 % 26.6 %
381–400 30.6–36.4 % 27.6 %
6.2.1 The radiation source(s) shall be located with respect to
the
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