ASTM F2411-07
(Specification)Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System (Withdrawn 2014)
Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System (Withdrawn 2014)
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the design, construction, and performance requirements necessary for the technical reliability of airborne sense-and-avoid (S&A) systems that support the detection of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or unmanned aircrafts and air vehicles. It specifically applies to the manufacturer or component supplier of such systems seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-avoid capability of a human pilot. This specification does not cover transponder or broadcast-based cooperative S&A systems, as well as appliances on-board one or more airborne objects flying in formation flight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the design and performance of airborne sense-and-avoid (SA) systems. This specification includes requirements to support detection of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or unmanned aircraft and air vehicles.
1.2 This specification applies to the manufacturer of an appliance seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-avoid capability of a human pilot.
1.3 This specification is not intended to apply to the design and performance of cooperative SA systems. Existing standards and guidance should be referenced for specifications describing these transponder or broadcast-based systems (examples of existing guidance and standards for cooperative SA systems include FAA 20-131A, RTCA DO-289, and TSO-C119B).
1.4 This specification does not apply to appliances on-board one or more airborne objects flying in formation flight.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers requirements for the design and performance of airborne sense-and-avoid (S&A) systems. This specification includes requirements to support detection of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or unmanned aircraft and air vehicles.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, this specification was withdrawn without replacement in May 2014 because it is no longer relevant to the industry.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2411 −07
StandardSpecification for
Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid
1
System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 14 CFR 91.123 General Operating and Flight Rules–Com-
pliance with ATC Clearances and Instructions
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the design
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Publications:
and performance of airborne sense-and-avoid (S&A) systems.
This specification includes requirements to support detection FAA 8700.1 General Aviation Operations Inspector’s Hand-
book
of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned
or unmanned aircraft and air vehicles. FAA P-8740-51 How to Avoid a Midair Collision
FAA 90.48C Advisory Circular–Pilots’ Role in Collision
1.2 This specification applies to the manufacturer of an
Avoidance
appliance seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form
FAA 20-131A Advisory Circular–Airworthiness Approval
of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like
of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS
documentation,asprovidinganequivalentlevelofsafetytothe
II) and Mode S Transponders
see-and-avoid capability of a human pilot.
TSO-C119B Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
1.3 This specification is not intended to apply to the design
(TCAS) Airborne Equipment
and performance of cooperative S&A systems. Existing stan-
TSO-C153 Integrated ModularAvionics Hardware Elements
dards and guidance should be referenced for specifications
AC 21–33 QualityAssurance of Software used inAircraft of
describing these transponder or broadcast-based systems (ex-
Related Products
amples of existing guidance and standards for cooperative
AC 20–145 Guidance for Integrated Modular Avionics
S&A systems include FAA 20-131A, RTCA DO-289, and
(IMA) that Implement TSO-C153 Authorized Hardware
TSO-C119B).
Elements
4
1.4 This specification does not apply to appliances on-board
2.3 ICAO Publications:
one or more airborne objects flying in formation flight.
ICAO Rules of the Air–Annex 2
5
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.4 RTCA Publications:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
DO-289 Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(MASPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 airborne object, n—any object that is operating in the
2
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):
airspace to include manned or unmanned aircraft or air
14 CFR 91.1 General Operating and Flight Rules–Applica-
vehicles.
bility
3.1.2 airspace of operations, n—all classes of airspace in
14 CFR 91.113 General Operating and Flight Rules–Right-
which a system is intended to operate.
of-Way Rules: Except Water Operations
3.1.3 closing velocity, n—rate of change of the decreasing
distance between two objects.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on
UnmannedAircraftSystemsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF38.01
on Airworthiness.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) , 800 Independence
ε1
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F2411–04 . DOI: Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov.
4
10.1520/F2411-07. Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Univer-
2
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments, sity St., Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada.
5
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:// Available from RTCA, Inc., 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC
www.access.gpo.gov. 20036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2411−07
3.1.4 collision threat, n—hazard consisting of a manned or 4.2.1 Detection Distance—Detection of the collision threat
unmanned aircraft, air vehicle, or other airborne object. shall be at a range to allow a resolution maneuver that results
in a required miss distance of 500 ft or greater (see FAA
3.1.5 cooperative S&A system, n—system capable of com-
8700.1).
municating with systems on-board other airborne objects in
4.2.2 Field of Regard:
order to facilitate detection or coordinate resolution
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.