ASTM F2411-04

Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System

SCOPE
1.1 The following requirements apply to the design and performance of airborne sense-and-avoid (S&A) systems. This specification includes requirements to support detection of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or unmanned aircraft and air vehicles.
1.2. This specification applies to the manufacturer of an appliance seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-avoid capability of a manned aircraft.
1.3 This specification is not intended to apply to the design and performance of cooperative S&A systems. Existing standards and guidance should be referenced for specifications describing these transponder or broadcast-based systems (examples of existing guidance and standards for cooperative S&A systems include FAA 20-131A, RTCA DO-289, and TSO-C119B
1.4 This specification is not intended to apply to multiple airborne objects flying in formation flight.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2004
• ICS: 49.090 - On-board equipment and instruments
• Technical Committee: F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
• Drafting Committee: F38.01 - Airworthiness

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F2411-04e1 - Standard Specification for Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid System
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F3060-20 - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 2411 – 04
Standard Specification for
Design and Performance of an Airborne Sense-and-Avoid
1
System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 2.2 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Publications:
FAA8700.1 GeneralAviation Operations Inspector’s Hand-
1.1 The following requirements cover the design and per-
book
formance of airborne sense-and-avoid (S&A) systems. This
FAA P-8740-51 How to Avoid a Midair Collision
specificationincludesrequirementstosupportdetectionof,and
FAA 90.48C Advisory Circular–Pilots’ Role in Collision
safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or
Avoidance
unmanned aircraft and air vehicles.
FAA 20-131A Advisory Circular–Airworthiness Approval
1.2 This specification applies to the manufacturer of an
of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS
appliance seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form
II) and Mode S Transponders
of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documenta-
TSO-C119B Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
tion, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-
(TCAS) Airborne Equipment
avoid capability of a manned aircraft.
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2.3 ICAO Publications:
1.3 This specification is not intended to apply to the design
ICAO Rules of the Air–Annex 2
and performance of cooperative S&A systems. Existing stan-
5
2.4 RTCA Publications:
dards and guidance should be referenced for specifications
DO-289 MinimumAviation System Performance Standards
describing these transponder or broadcast-based systems (ex-
(MASPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA)
amples of existing guidance and standards for cooperative
S&A systems include FAA 20-131A, RTCA DO-289, and
3. Terminology
TSO-C119B).
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This specification is not intended to apply to multiple
3.1.1 airborne object, n—any object that is operating in the
airborne objects flying in formation flight.
airspace.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 airspace of operations, n—all classes of airspace in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
which a system is intended to operate.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 closing velocity, n—rate of change of the decreasing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
distance between two objects.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 collision threat, n—hazard consisting of a manned or
2. Referenced Documents unmanned aircraft, air vehicle, or other airborne object.
2 3.1.5 cooperative S&A system, n—system capable of com-
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):
municating with systems on-board other aircraft, air vehicles,
14 CFR 91.1 General Operating and Flight Rules–Applica-
or airborne objects in order to facilitate detection or coordinate
bility
resolution maneuvers, or both.
14 CFR 91.113 General Operating and Flight Rules–Right-
3.1.6 detection distance, n—distance at which an S&A
of-Way Rules: Except Water Operations
system can perceive a potential collision threat.
14 CFR 91.123 General Operating and Flight Rules–Com-
pliance with ATC Clearances and Instructions
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591.
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F38.01 on Airworthiness. Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Univer-
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. sity St., Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada.
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AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments, Available from RTCA, Inc., 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. 20036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F2411–04
3.1.7 field of regard (FOR), n—area capable of being resolution maneuver does not compromise the required miss
perceived or monitored by a sensor, or both, specified in terms distancespecification.Thistimelatencymayinclude,butisnot
of azimuth and elevation from the fixed body reference frame limited to:
of the S&A platform.
4.2.3.1 Communication delays,
3.1.8 miss distance, n—distance between two or more
4.2.3.2 Scan rates,
aircraft,airvehicles,orairborneobjectsattheirclosestpointof
4.2.3.3 Pilot-in-the-loop re
...