ASTM E947-83(2015)

Standard Specification for Sampling Single-Phase Geothermal Liquid or Steam for Purposes of Chemical Analysis

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic requirements for equipment to be used for the collection of uncontaminated and representative samples from single-phase geothermal liquid or steam. Sample probes shall be used to extract liquid or steam from the main part of the geothermal flow rather than using a wall-accessing valve and pipe arrangement. Sampling lines shall be as short as practical and of sufficient strength to prevent structural failure. Valves which control access to the sampling point shall have straight throats. The tube through which the sample flows shall be continuous through the cooling location so there will be no possibility of sample contamination or dilution from the cooling water. Liquid sample containers and compatible closures shall not bias the sample components of interest. Devices used to collect and transport the gas component of the samples shall be resistant to chemical reactions and to gaseous diffusion or adsorption. Filters, when used, shall be housed in a pressure-tight container assuring that the full flow passes through the filter. The sampling apparatus shall be kept clean.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for equipment to be used for the collection of uncontaminated and representative samples from single-phase geothermal liquid or steam. Geopressured liquids are included. See Fig. 1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2015
• ICS: 07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology
• Technical Committee: E44 - Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources
• Drafting Committee: E44.15 - Geothermal Field Development, Utilization and Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E947 −83 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Sampling Single-Phase Geothermal Liquid or Steam for
1
Purposes of Chemical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.1.1 The probe permits the sampling of various positions
within the flow to determine whether stratified or annular
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for
two-phase flow is present which would bias a single-point
equipment to be used for the collection of uncontaminated and
sample.
representative samples from single-phase geothermal liquid or
steam. Geopressured liquids are included. See Fig. 1.
4.2 Sample probes shall be designed to extract representa-
tive samples from flowing systems. Special attention during
2. Referenced Documents
construction of the probe shall be given to the stresses that the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
probe will later be subjected to during insertion into, and
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam
operation in, a pressurized flowing system.
3
in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
4.3 The sampling probe (see Fig. 2) passes through the
sliding seal and access valve in order that liquid or steam can
3. Application
be sampled from the mainstream of the flow line. Thereafter,
3.1 This specification covers only that equipment which is
the sample contacts only surfaces that the operator can verify
commonly used for the sampling of single-phase geothermal
are noncontaminating and nonabsorbing.
liquid or steam. It does not cover specialized equipment
4.3.1 Moving the probe tip across the diameter of the pipe
required for, and unique to, a specific test or method of
may allow the operator to determine the existence of stratifi-
analysis.The specification covers items such as valves, fittings,
cation or multiphase sampling problems.
tubing,coolingcoilsandcondensers,pumps,degassers,sample
4.3.2 Flow regulation is accomplished downstream of the
containers, sample probes, and packaging materials, but ex-
cooling coils in order to avoid residual flashing into steam at
cludes equipment used in specific testing and analysis.
the point of pressure reduction. Flashing may cause scale
3.2 This procedure applies to single-phase steam or liquid
deposition which would preclude the accurate determination of
streams prior to separation and to separated single-phase steam
certain constituents.
or liquid streams.
3.3 For most geothermal and geopressured fluids tested by
5. Sampling Lines
the procedures outlined in this specification, both liquid and
5.1 Safety—Sampling lines shall be as short as practical and
gas samples may be collected.
of sufficient strength to prevent structural failure.
4. Sample Probes
5.2 Construction—All sample lines shall be constructed to
eliminate traps in which condensate, entrained particulates, or
4.1 Sample probes shall be used to extract liquid or steam
scale precipitates might settle since they may be partially
from the main part of the geothermal flow rather than using a
emptied with changes in flow conditions and may result in
wall-accessing valve and pipe arrangement.
sample contamination. Allow for thermal expansion.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
Geothermal and OtherAlternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of 6. Valves, Fittings, and Gages
SubcommitteeE44.15onGeothermalFieldDevelopment,UtilizationandMaterials.
6.1 Valves which control access to the sampling point shall
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
approved in 1983. Lasts previous edition approved in 2007 as E947-83(2007). DOI:
have straight throats (frequently designated as ball, plug, and
10.1520/E0947-83R15.
gate valves). This permits a probe to be inserted directly into
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the flow.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.2 It is recommended that at least one full-port shut-off
the ASTM website.
3 valve be placed on the downstream end of the sample probe so
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. that the sampling line may be isolated when desired.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E947−83 (2015)
FIG. 1 Example Assembly (Particularly Suited for Liquid Flows)
FIG.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E947 − 83 (Reapproved 2007) E947 − 83 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Sampling Single-Phase Geothermal Liquid or Steam for
1
Purposes of Chemical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for equipment to be used for the collection of uncontaminated and
representative samples from single-phase geothermal liquid or steam. Geopressured liquids are included. See Fig. 1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
3. Application
3.1 This specification covers only that equipment which is commonly used for the sampling of single-phase geothermal liquid
or steam. It does not cover specialized equipment required for, and unique to, a specific test or method of analysis. The specification
covers items such as valves, fittings, tubing, cooling coils and condensers, pumps, degassers, sample containers, sample probes,
and packaging materials, but excludes equipment used in specific testing and analysis.
3.2 This procedure applies to single-phase steam or liquid streams prior to separation and to separated single-phase steam or
liquid streams.
3.3 For most geothermal and geopressured fluids tested by the procedures outlined in this specification, both liquid and gas
samples may be collected.
4. Sample Probes
4.1 Sample probes shall be used to extract liquid or steam from the main part of the geothermal flow rather than using a
wall-accessing valve and pipe arrangement.
4.1.1 The probe permits the sampling of various positions within the flow to determine whether stratified or annular two-phase
flow is present which would bias a single-point sample.
4.2 Sample probes shall be designed to extract representative samples from flowing systems. Special attention during
construction of the probe shall be given to the stresses that the probe will later be subjected to during insertion into, and operation
in, a pressurized flowing system.
4.3 The sampling probe (see Fig. 2) passes through the sliding seal and access valve in order that liquid or steam can be sampled
from the mainstream of the flow line. Thereafter, the sample contacts only surfaces that the operator can verify are
noncontaminating and nonabsorbing.
4.3.1 Moving the probe tip across the diameter of the pipe may allow the operator to determine the existence of stratification
or multiphase sampling problems.
4.3.2 Flow regulation is accomplished downstream of the cooling coils in order to avoid residual flashing into steam at the point
of pressure reduction. Flashing may cause scale deposition which would preclude the accurate determination of certain
constituents.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E44.15 on Geothermal Field Development, Utilization and Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007March 1, 2015. Published November 2007April 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Lasts previous edition approved in 20022007
as E947-83(2002).E947-83(2007). DOI: 10.1520/E0947-83R07.10.1520/E0947-83R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E947 − 83 (2015)
FIG. 1 Example Assembly (Particularly Suited for Liquid Flows)
FIG. 2 Sample Probe
5. Sampling Lines
5.1 Safety—Sampling lines shall be as short as practical and of sufficient strength to prevent structural failure.
5.2 Construction—All sample lines shall be constructed to eliminate traps in which condensate, entrained particulates, or scale
precipitates might settle since they may be partially emptied with changes in flow conditions and may result in sample
contamination. Allow for thermal expansion.
6
...