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ASTM D1193-06(2011)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Reagent Water

Standard Specification for Reagent Water

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the required characteristics of reagent waters. Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin. Historically, reagent water types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met. The electrical conductivity and resistance, pH, silica, sodium, chlorides, TOC, endotoxins, and microbiological contamination shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics of waters deemed suitable for use with the Standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM.
1.2 The alphanumeric characters ascribed to water types and grades are specified in the ASTM Format and Style Manual. These have been assigned in order of historical precedence and should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water purity.
1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin.
1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to reference one or more of these reagent water types where reagent water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement process. Where a different water type or grade is needed for an ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through the ASTM Standard revision process.
1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to ensure that the selected water types or grades are suitable for their intended use. Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate technology in place of the technology specified in Table 1 should be made taking into account the potential impact of other contaminants such as microorganism and pyrogens. Such contaminants were not necessarily considered by the performance characteristics of the technology previously specified.
1.6 Guidance for applications, the preparation, use and monitoring, storage, handling, distribution, testing of these specified waters and validation of the water purification system is provided in Appendix X1 of this document.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
71.040.30 - Chemical reagents
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.02 - Quality Systems, Specification, and Statistics
Current Stage
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ASTM D1193-06(2011) - Standard Specification for Reagent WaterASTM D1193-06(2011) - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
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ASTM D1193-06(2011) - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1193 −06 (Reapproved 2011) Federal Test Method
Standard No. 7916
Standard Specification for
1
Reagent Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1193; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope contaminants were not necessarily considered by the perfor-
mance characteristics of the technology previously specified.
1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics
of waters deemed suitable for use with the Standards under the 1.6 Guidance for applications, the preparation, use and
jurisdiction of ASTM. monitoring, storage, handling, distribution, testing of these
specified waters and validation of the water purification system
1.2 Thealphanumericcharactersascribedtowatertypesand
is provided in Appendix X1 of this document.
grades are specified in the ASTM Format and Style Manual.
These have been assigned in order of historical precedence and 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
purity. standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
grade specifications specifically address contaminants of mi-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
crobiological origin.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to refer-
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
ence one or more of these reagent water types where reagent
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
process. Where a different water type or grade is needed for an
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the ASTM Standard revision process.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have
been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they
2. Referenced Documents
may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bility of the users of this standard to ensure that the selected
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
water types or grades are suitable for their intended use.
tivity of Water
Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
this revision, these types of waters may be produced with
D4453 Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples
alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent
D4517 Test Method for Low-Level Total Silica in High-
specifications are met and that water so produced has been
Purity Water by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectros-
shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of
copy
such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate
D5128 Test Method for On-Line pH Measurement of Water
technology in place of the technology specified in Table 1
of Low Conductivity
should be made taking into account the potential impact of
D5173 Guide for On-Line Monitoring of Total Organic
other contaminants such as microorganism and pyrogens. Such
Carbon in Water by Oxidation and Detection of Resulting
Carbon Dioxide
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on Quality Systems,
2
Specification, and Statistics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1193 – 06. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1193-06R11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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ABSTRACT
This specification describes the required characteristics of reagent waters. Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin. Historically, reagent water types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met. The electrical conductivity and resistance, pH, silica, sodium, chlorides, TOC, endotoxins, and microbiological contamination shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
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1.1 This specification describes the required characteristics of waters deemed suitable for use with the standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM.  
1.2 The alphanumeric characters ascribed to water types and grades are specified in the manual, Form and Style for ASTM Standards. These have been assigned in order of historical precedence and should not be taken as an indication of a progression in water purity.  
1.3 Four types of waters have been specified, with three additional grades that can be applied to the four types. The grade specifications specifically address contaminants of microbiological origin.  
1.4 All applicable ASTM Standards are expected to reference one or more of these reagent water types where reagent water is needed as a component of an analytical measurement process. Where a different water type or grade is needed for an ASTM Standard, it may be added to this Specification through the ASTM Standard revision process.  
1.5 Although these water types and associated grades have been defined specifically for use with ASTM Standards, they may be appropriate for other applications. It is the responsibility of the users of this specification to ensure that the selected water types or grades are suitable for their intended use. Historically, reagent water Types I, II, III, and IV have been linked to specific processes for their production. Starting with this revision, these types of waters may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified. Therefore, the selection of an alternate technology in place of the technology specified in Table 1 should be made taking into account the potential impact of other contaminants such as microorganism and pyrogens. Such contaminants were not necessarily considered by the performance characteristics of the technology previously specified. (A) Type I grade of reagent water shall be prepared by distillation or other equal process, followed by polishing with a mixed bed of ion-exchange materials and a 0.2-µm membrane filter. Feed water to the final polishing step must have a maximum conductivity of 20 µS/cm at 298K (25°C). Type I reagent water may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified.(B) Type II grade of reagent water shall be prepared by distillation using a still designed to produce a distillate having a conductivity of less than 1.0 µS/cm at 298 K (25°C). Ion exchange, distillation, or reverse osmosis and organic adsorption may be required prior to distillation, if the purity cannot be attained by single distillation. Type II reagent water may be produced with alternate technologies as long as the appropriate constituent specifications are met and that water so produced has been shown to be appropriate for the application where the use of such water is specified.(C) Type III grade of reagent water shall be prepared by distillation, ion exchange, continuous electrodeionization, r...

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ASTM D5542-16(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Trace Anions in High Purity Water by Ion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The anions fluoride, chloride, and sulfate have been identified as important contributors to corrosion of high pressure boilers, electric power turbines and their associated heat exchangers. Many electric power utilities attempt to reduce these contaminants in their boiler feed water to less than 1 μg/L.  
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4.3 Low molecular weight organic acids, such as acetate and formate, have been found in many steam generator feed waters and condensates. They are believed to come from the high temperature breakdown of organic matter found in boiler make up water. It is felt that these organic acids promote corrosion by lowering the pH of boiler waters and may even be corrosive themselves.  
4.4 Such low molecular weight organics may also be produced when ultraviolet light is used to produce bacteria-free water for semiconductor processing. Such polar organic contaminants are suspected of causing reduced semiconductor yields.  
4.5 Phosphates are commonly added to drum boilers in the low mg/L level to precipitate calcium and magnesium and thereby prevent scale formation. Ion chromatography can be used to monitor the concentration of such chemicals in boiler water, as well as detect unwanted carry-over into the steam.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of trace (μg/L) levels of fluoride, acetate, formate, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate in high purity water using ion chromatography in combination with sample preconcentration. Other anions, such as bromide, nitrite, nitrate, sulfite, and iodide can be determined by this method. However, since they are rarely present in significant concentrations in high purity water, they are not included in this test method. Two test methods are presented and their ranges of application, as determined by a collaborative study, are as follows:    
Range Tested
(μg/L Added)  
Limit of DetectionA
(Single Operator)
(μg/L)  
Sections  
Test Method A:  
7–16  
Chloride  
0–24  
0.8  
Phosphate  
0–39  
B  
Sulfate  
0–55  
1.8  
Test Method B:  
17–24  
Fluoride  
0–14  
0.7  
Acetate  
0–414  
6.8  
Formate  
0–346  
5.6  
(A) Limit of detection is lowest measurable concentration not reportable as zero at 99 % level of confidence as per EPRI study as cited in Sections 16 and 24.(B) Insufficient data to calculate limit of detection.  
1.2 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The common practical range of Test Method A is as follows: chloride, 1 to 100 μg/L, phosphate, 3 to 100 μg/L, and sulfate, 2 to 100 μg/L.  
1.4 The common practical range of Test Method B is as follows: fluoride, 1 to 100 μg/L, acetate, 10 to 200 μg/L, and formate, 5 to 200 μg/L.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 This test method is to be used for measuring the vibratory packing density of formed particles that will not break up during sampling, filling, or vibrating of the measuring cylinder under test conditions.
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Sections  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Significance and Use  
4  
Apparatus  
5  
Temperature effects  
6  
Measurements  
7  
Reagents  
8  
Concentration of solutions  
9  
Mixing of solutions  
10  
Storage of solutions  
11  
Preparation and standardization of solutions  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Sodium hydroxide solution, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N)  
14 to 19  
Hydrochloric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N)  
20 to 28  
Sulfuric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N)  
29 to 33  
Hydrochloric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N)  
34 to 38  
Sulfuric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N)  
39 to 43  
Silver nitrate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
44 to 48  
Ammonium thiocyanate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
49 to 53  
Iodine solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
54 to 58  
Sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
59 to 63  
Potassium permanganate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
64 to 68  
Potassium dichromate solution, 0.1 meq/mL(N)  
69 to 73  
Methanolic sodium hydroxide solution, 0.5 meq/mL (N)  
74 to 79  
Ceric sulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N)  
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Standard ion solutions  
95  
Nonstandardized reagent solutions and indicator solutions  
96  
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5.1 The particle size of fine mesh and powdered activated carbon is sometimes used to evaluate filter cake filtration rates and the filter penetration in filtering applications.  
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Standard Test Method for Mechanically Tapped Density of Activated Carbon (Powdered and Fine Mesh)

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the density expressed in g/mL for powdered or fine mesh carbon. Due to the nature of the small particles, the density of these carbon types cannot be measured using the same procedure as granular carbon.
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Methods for Moisture in Activated Carbon

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4.1 The moisture content of activated carbon is often required to define and express its properties in relation to the net weight of the carbon.  
4.2 The moisture content of activated carbon packed in typical shipping containers will usually increase during transportation and storage. Users of activated carbon in applications where low moisture content is important should be aware of this effect.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods provide three procedures for the determination of the moisture content of activated carbon. The procedures may also be used to dry samples required for other tests. The oven drying and moisture balance methods are used when water is the only volatile material present and is in significant quantities, and the activated carbon is not heat sensitive (some activated carbons can ignite spontaneously at temperatures as low as 150 °C). The xylene extraction method is used when a carbon is known or suspected to be heat sensitive or to contain miscible organic compounds instead of or in addition to water. The interferences posed by miscible inorganic compounds has not been determined. The oven drying method described in these test methods may be used as the reference for development of instrumental techniques for moisture determination in activated carbon.  
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5.1 This test method is intended to provide information concerning the ability of a powdered catalyst to resist particle size reduction during use in a fluidized environment.  
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