ASTM C1259-15

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for material development, characterization, design data generation, and quality control purposes.  
5.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for determining the modulus of advanced ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1).3  
5.3 This test method addresses the room temperature determination of dynamic moduli of elasticity of slender bars (rectangular cross-section) and rods (cylindrical). Flat plates and disks may also be measured similarly, but the required equations for determining the moduli are not addressed herein.  
5.4 This dynamic test method has several advantages and differences from static loading techniques and from resonant techniques requiring continuous excitation.  
5.4.1 The test method is nondestructive in nature and can be used for specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens are subjected to minute strains; hence, the moduli are measured at or near the origin of the stress-strain curve, with the minimum possibility of fracture.  
5.4.2 The impulse excitation test uses an impact tool and simple supports for the test specimen. There is no requirement for complex support systems that require elaborate setup or alignment.  
5.5 This technique can be used to measure resonant frequencies alone for the purposes of quality control and acceptance of test specimens of both regular and complex shapes. A range of acceptable resonant frequencies is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and mass. Deviations in specimen dimensions or mass and internal flaws (cracks, delaminations, inhomogeneities, porosity, etc) will change the resonant frequency for that specimen. Any specimen with a resonant frequency falling outside the prescribed frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass and int...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular, cylindrical, or disc geometry) test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.  
1.2 This test method measures the fundamental resonant frequency of test specimens of suitable geometry by exciting them mechanically by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool. Specimen supports, impulse locations, and signal pick-up points are selected to induce and measure specific modes of the transient vibrations. A transducer (for example, contact accelerometer or non-contacting microphone) senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the specimen and transforms them into electric signals. (See Fig. 1.) The transient signals are analyzed, and the fundamental resonant frequency is isolated and measured by the signal analyzer, which provides a numerical reading that is (or is proportional to) either the frequency or the period of the specimen vibration. The appropriate fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions, and mass of the specimen are used to calculate dynamic Young’s modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio.  
1.3 Although not specifically described herein, this test method can also be performed at cryogenic and high temperatures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate modificat...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2015
• ICS: 81.060.99 - Other standards related to ceramics
• Technical Committee: C28 - Advanced Ceramics
• Drafting Committee: C28.01 - Mechanical Properties and Performance

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1259 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of
1
Vibration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal
expansion, in accordance with sections 9.2, 9.3, and 10.4 of
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic
C1198.
elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient tempera-
tures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechani- 1.4 Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications,
cal resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic and calculations in this test method are consistent with Test
modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The Methods C623, C747, C848, and C1198.
dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be
1.5 This test method uses test specimens in bar, rod, and
computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant
disc geometries. The rod and bar geometries are described in
frequencies of a suitable (rectangular, cylindrical, or disc
the main body. The disc geometry is addressed in Annex A1.
geometry) test specimen of that material can be measured.
1.6 A modification of this test method can be used for
Dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant
qualitycontrolandnondestructiveevaluation,usingchangesin
frequencyintheflexuralmodeofvibration.Thedynamicshear
resonant frequency to detect variations in specimen geometry
modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional
and mass and internal flaws in the specimen. (See 5.5).
resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic
shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.2 This test method measures the fundamental resonant
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
frequency of test specimens of suitable geometry by exciting
them mechanically by a singular elastic strike with an impulse safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tool. Specimen supports, impulse locations, and signal pick-up
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pointsareselectedtoinduceandmeasurespecificmodesofthe
transient vibrations. A transducer (for example, contact accel- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
erometer or non-contacting microphone) senses the resulting
2. Referenced Documents
mechanical vibrations of the specimen and transforms them
2
into electric signals. (See Fig. 1.) The transient signals are 2.1 ASTM Standards:
analyzed, and the fundamental resonant frequency is isolated
C372Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porce-
andmeasuredbythesignalanalyzer,whichprovidesanumeri- lainEnamelandGlazeFritsandFiredCeramicWhiteware
calreadingthatis(orisproportionalto)eitherthefrequencyor
Products by the Dilatometer Method
the period of the specimen vibration. The appropriate funda- C623Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
mental resonant frequencies, dimensions, and mass of the
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
specimen are used to calculate dynamic Young’s modulus, Resonance
dynamic shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio.
C747TestMethodforModuliofElasticityandFundamental
Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
1.3 Although not specifically described herein, this test
Resonance
method can also be performed at cryogenic and high tempera-
C848Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
tures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate
and Poisson’s Ratio For Ceramic Whitewares by Reso-
nance
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
Advanced Ceramicsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on
2
Mechanical Properties and Performance. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1259–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1259-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1259 − 15
µ 5 E/2G 21 (1)
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1259 − 14 C1259 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of
1
Vibration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures.
Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass,
and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass,
and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular, cylindrical, or disc geometry) test specimen of that material can
be measured. Dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The
dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and
dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
1.2 This test method measures the fundamental resonant frequency of test specimens of suitable geometry by exciting them
mechanically by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool. Specimen supports, impulse locations, and signal pick-up points are
selected to induce and measure specific modes of the transient vibrations. A transducer (for example, contact accelerometer or
non-contacting microphone) senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the specimen and transforms them into electric signals.
(See Fig. 1.) The transient signals are analyzed, and the fundamental resonant frequency is isolated and measured by the signal
analyzer, which provides a numerical reading that is (or is proportional to) either the frequency or the period of the specimen
vibration. The appropriate fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions, and mass of the specimen are used to calculate dynamic
Young’s modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio.
1.3 Although not specifically described herein, this test method can also be performed at cryogenic and high temperatures with
suitable equipment modifications and appropriate modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal expansion, in
accordance with sections 9.2, 9.3, and 10.4 of C1198.
1.4 Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and calculations in this test method are consistent with Test Methods
C623, C747, C848, and C1198.
1.5 This test method uses test specimens in bar, rod, and disc geometries. The rod and bar geometries are described in the main
body. The disc geometry is addressed in Annex A1.
1.6 A modification of this test method can be used for quality control and nondestructive evaluation, using changes in resonant
frequency to detect variations in specimen geometry and mass and internal flaws in the specimen. (See 5.5).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014Feb. 1, 2015. Published January 2014April 2015. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
C1259 – 08.C1259 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1259-14.10.1520/C1259-15.
FIG. 1 Block Diagram of Typical Test Apparatus
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1259 − 15
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C372 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Fired Ceramic Whiteware Products
by the Dilatometer Method
C623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by Resonance
C747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of Ca
...