ASTM C1259-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used for material development, characterization, design data generation, and quality control purposes.
5.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for determining the modulus of advanced ceramics that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1).4
5.3 This test method addresses the room temperature determination of dynamic moduli of elasticity of slender bars (rectangular cross section) and rods (cylindrical). Flat plates and discs may also be measured similarly, but the required equations for determining the moduli are not addressed herein.
5.4 This dynamic test method has several advantages and differences from static loading techniques and from resonant techniques requiring continuous excitation.
5.4.1 The test method is nondestructive in nature and can be used for specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens are subjected to minute strains; hence, the moduli are measured at or near the origin of the stress-strain curve, with the minimum possibility of fracture.
5.4.2 The impulse excitation test uses an impact tool and simple supports for the test specimen. There is no requirement for complex support systems that require elaborate setup or alignment.
5.5 This technique can be used to measure resonant frequencies alone for the purposes of quality control and acceptance of test specimens of both regular and complex shapes. A range of acceptable resonant frequencies is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and mass. Deviations in specimen dimensions or mass and internal flaws (cracks, delaminations, inhomogeneities, porosity, etc.) will change the resonant frequency for that specimen. Any specimen with a resonant frequency falling outside the prescribed frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass and in...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular, cylindrical, or disc geometry) test specimen of that material can be measured. The resonant frequencies in flexure and torsion are measured by excitation of vibrations of the test specimen in a supported mode by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool (Section 4 and Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4). Dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
FIG. 1 Block Diagram of Typical Test Apparatus
1.2 Although not specifically described herein, this test method can also be performed at cryogenic and high temperatures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal expansion, in accordance with Subsections 9.2, 9.3, and 10.4 of Test Method C1198.
1.3 There are material-specific ASTM standards that cover the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic properties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse excitation of vibration. Test Methods C215, C623, C747, C848, C1198, E1875, and E1876 may differ from this test method in several areas (for example, sample size, dimensional tolerances, sample preparation, calculation details, etc.). The testing of those materials should be done in compliance with the appropriate material-specific standards. Where possible, the pro...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1259 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of
1
Vibration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* procedures, sample specifications, and calculations in this
standard are consistent with the other test methods.
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic
elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient tempera- 1.4 This test method uses test specimens in bar, rod, and
tures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechani- disc geometries. The rod and bar geometries are described in
cal resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic the main body. The disc geometry is addressed in Annex A1.
modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. The
1.5 A modification of this test method can be used for
dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be
quality control and nondestructive evaluation, using changes in
computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant
resonant frequency to detect variations in specimen geometry
frequencies of a suitable (rectangular, cylindrical, or disc
and mass and internal flaws in the specimen. (See 5.5.)
geometry) test specimen of that material can be measured. The
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
resonant frequencies in flexure and torsion are measured by
standard. The non-SI unit values given in parentheses are for
excitation of vibrations of the test specimen in a supported
information only and are not considered standard.
mode by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool (Section
4 and Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4). Dynamic Young’s modulus is 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode
of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic
Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
compute Poisson’s ratio.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Although not specifically described herein, this test
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
method can also be performed at cryogenic and high tempera-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
expansion,inaccordancewithSubsections9.2,9.3,and10.4of
Test Method C1198.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 There are material-specific ASTM standards that cover 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic proper-
C215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse,
ties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse
Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of
excitationofvibration.TestMethodsC215,C623,C747,C848,
Concrete Specimens
C1198, E1875, and E1876 may differ from this test method in
C372 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porce-
several areas (for example, sample size, dimensional
lainEnamelandGlazeFritsandFiredCeramicWhiteware
tolerances, sample preparation, calculation details, etc.). The
Products by Dilatometer Method
testing of those materials should be done in compliance with
C623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
theappropriatematerial-specificstandards.Wherepossible,the
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
Resonance
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on
2
Mechanical Properties and Performance. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1259 – 15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the sta
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1259 − 15 C1259 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of
1
Vibration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dynamic elastic properties of advanced ceramics at ambient temperatures.
Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass,
and geometry of the test specimen. The dynamic elastic properties of a material can therefore be computed if the geometry, mass,
and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable (rectangular, cylindrical, or disc geometry) test specimen of that material can
be measured. The resonant frequencies in flexure and torsion are measured by excitation of vibrations of the test specimen in a
supported mode by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool (Section 4 and Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4). Dynamic Young’s
modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus
of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to
compute Poisson’s ratio.
1.2 This test method measures the fundamental resonant frequency of test specimens of suitable geometry by exciting them
mechanically by a singular elastic strike with an impulse tool. Specimen supports, impulse locations, and signal pick-up points are
selected to induce and measure specific modes of the transient vibrations. A transducer (for example, contact accelerometer or
non-contacting microphone) senses the resulting mechanical vibrations of the specimen and transforms them into electric signals.
(See Fig. 1.) The transient signals are analyzed, and the fundamental resonant frequency is isolated and measured by the signal
analyzer, which provides a numerical reading that is (or is proportional to) either the frequency or the period of the specimen
vibration. The appropriate fundamental resonant frequencies, dimensions, and mass of the specimen are used to calculate dynamic
Young’s modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015Aug. 1, 2021. Published April 2015August 2021. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as
C1259 – 14.C1259 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1259-15.10.1520/C1259-21.
FIG. 1 Block Diagram of Typical Test Apparatus
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1259 − 21
1.2 Although not specifically described herein, this test method can also be performed at cryogenic and high temperatures with
suitable equipment modifications and appropriate modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal expansion, in
accordance with sectionsSubsections 9.2, 9.3, and 10.4 of Test Method C1198.
1.3 Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and calculations in this test method are consistent with There are
material-specific ASTM standards that cover the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic properties of specific materials
by sonic resonance or by impulse excitation of vibration. Test Methods C215, C623, C747, C848, C1198and, C1198E1875., and
E1876 may differ from this test method in several areas (for example, sample size, dimensional tolerances, sample preparation,
calculation details, etc.). The testing of those materials should be done in compliance with the appropriate material-specific
standards. Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and calculations in this standard are consistent with the other test
methods.
1.4 This test method uses test specimens in bar, rod, and disc geometries. The rod and bar geometries are described in the main
body. The disc geometry is addressed in Annex A1.
1.5 A modification of this test method
...
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