ASTM D4095-97(2002)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Solids (nonvolatile matter) determinations of polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions take 2 to 4 h in accordance with Test Method D 2834, not counting preparation time.
Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means for determining solids in a matter of minutes.
This practice is particularly useful for quality control and in process control for the production of polishes and polish components.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer for determining the nonvolatile matter (total solids) in floor polishes. This practice is also applicable to resin solutions and wax emulsions used in floor polishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4095–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter
(Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer for 5.1 Refractometer—An instrument capable of reading to
determining the nonvolatile matter (total solids) in floor four decimal places.
polishes. This practice is also applicable to resin solutions and 5.2 Water Bath, or other means of controlling the tempera-
wax emulsions used in floor polishes. ture of the refractometer prisms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6. Procedure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 6.1 Determine the nonvolatile matter in the polish, resin, or
wax emulsion in accordance with Test Method D 2834 using a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. minimum of three and preferably four replicates. Record the
arithmetic average.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 Adjust prism temperature of the refractometer to 25°C
2.1 ASTM Standards: through the use of a water bath. Temperatures of 20°C and
D 1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive 30°C are also commonly used for refractive index work. Any
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids convenient temperature may be used as long as that tempera-
D 2834 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) ture is used consistently.
in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor 6.3 Standardize the refractometer using the procedure in
Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes Test Method D 1218 or according to the refractometer manu-
facturer’s instructions. In either case standard reference liquids
3. Summary of Practice
should be used.
3.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) and refractive index are used
6.4 Determine the refractive index of the process water used
asthebasisforpreparingcurvesthatallowtheuseofrefractive for preparation of the polish, resin, or wax emulsion according
index as a fast, accurate means for determining solids in floor
to the procedure in Test Method D 1218.
polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions. 6.5 Determine the refractive index of the same sample of
polish, resin solution, or wax emulsion from 6.1 according to
4. Significance and Use
the procedure in Test Method D 1218. (Take multiple readings
4.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) determinations of polishes,
and record the arithmetic average.)
resin solutions, and wax emulsions take 2 to4hin accordance
6.6 Plotacurveofrefractiveindexversussolidsonstandard
with Test Method D 2834, not counting preparation time.
(20 by 20/in.) graph paper.
4.2 Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means for
6.6.1 Use zero (0 %) solids and the refractive index of the
determining solids in a matter of minutes.
process water as the origin.
4.3 This practice is particularly useful for quality control
6.6.2 Plot the solids from 6.1 and the refractive index from
and in process control for the production of polishes and polish
6.5asthesecondpoint.Drawalineconnectingtheorigintothe
components.
second point. Curves, thus produced for polishes, resin solu-
tions, and wax emulsions are usually straight lines.Verification
must be made by careful dilution (by weight) of the sample
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
with the process water; determine the refractive index of the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.03 on Chemical and Physical
diluted sample that should fall on the curve at the calculated
Testing.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published June 1998. Originally
solids.
e1
published as D 4095 – 82. Last previous edition D 4095 – 82 (1992) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04.
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