ASTM D1653-13(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films
Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 One of the factors affecting the performance provided by an organic coating is its capability of resisting or aiding the passage of water vapor. In some services, for example, exterior wood and masonry, the coating has to allow moderate amounts of water vapor to pass through the film without damage to it. Hence, the water vapor transmission characteristics of coatings are important in assessing their performance in practical use.
5.2 The purpose of these test methods is to obtain values of water vapor transfer through coatings that range in permeability from high to low. These values are for use in design, manufacture, and marketing.
5.3 The water vapor transmission is not a linear function of film thickness, temperature or relative humidity.
5.4 Values of water vapor transmission rate (WVT) and water vapor permeance (WVP) can be used in the relative rating of coatings only if the coatings are tested under the same closely controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity, and if their thicknesses are equal.
5.5 Test Method A—The Dry Cup Method is the preferred test method for obtaining values that relate to conventional dwellings where high relative humidities are not anticipated.
5.6 Test Method B—The Wet Cup Method is the preferred test method for obtaining values that relate to applications where high relative humidities are anticipated in the vicinity of the barrier material. In general, the more permeable a coating is to the passage of moisture as is typical of many water-reducible coatings, the greater its affinity for water and the greater the increase in transmission when tested in and exposed to high humidities. Absorption of water may make a coating less dense, thus allowing moisture to diffuse easily and cause a much higher moisture vapor transmission rate, (WVTR) than would occur in drier environments.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the rate at which water vapor passes through films of paint, varnish, lacquer, and other organic coatings. The films may be free films or they may be applied to porous substrates.
1.2 A similar, but more generally applicable test method is Test Methods E96 which should be considered when other materials are involved.
1.3 Two test methods are covered in Test Methods D1653 as follows:
1.3.1 Test Method A—Dry Cup Method, and
1.3.2 Test Method B—Wet (Payne) Cup Method.
1.3.3 Agreement should not be expected between results obtained by different methods or test conditions. The method that most closely approaches the conditions of use should be selected.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Factors for conversion are stated in 13.2.1.2 and 13.2.2.2.
1.5 There are instruments on the market that purport to measure water vapor transmission of films more easily and rapidly than the methods described in Test Methods D1653 and E96. They run essentially the same kinds of tests as in the ASTM methods, but do so instrumentally. However, it appears that no side-by-side tests have been run comparing results from measurements with such instruments to these ASTM methods for precision and accuracy.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1653 − 13 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
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Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthedeterminationoftherateat
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
which water vapor passes through films of paint, varnish,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lacquer,andotherorganiccoatings.Thefilmsmaybefreefilms
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
or they may be applied to porous substrates.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 A similar, but more generally applicable test method is
Test Methods E96 which should be considered when other
2. Referenced Documents
materials are involved.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 TwotestmethodsarecoveredinTestMethodsD1653as
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
follows:
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
1.3.1 Test Method A—Dry Cup Method, and
D1005Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
1.3.2 Test Method B—Wet (Payne) Cup Method.
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
1.3.3 Agreement should not be expected between results
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
obtained by different methods or test conditions. The method
D4708Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of
that most closely approaches the conditions of use should be
Organic Coatings
selected.
E96Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materi-
als
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
E104Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
by Means of Aqueous Solutions
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. Factors for conversion are
3. Terminology
stated in 13.2.1.2 and 13.2.2.2.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 There are instruments on the market that purport to
3.1.1 water vapor transmission rate, WVT, n—the steady
measure water vapor transmission of films more easily and
water vapor flow in unit time through unit area of a body,
rapidlythanthemethodsdescribedinTestMethodsD1653and
between two specific parallel surfaces, under specific condi-
E96. They run essentially the same kinds of tests as in the
tions of temperature and humidity at each surface. Accepted
ASTM methods, but do so instrumentally. However, it appears
inch-poundunitisgrainspersquarefootperhour.AcceptedSI
thatnoside-by-sidetestshavebeenruncomparingresultsfrom
unit is grams per square metre per 24 h.
measurements with such instruments to these ASTM methods
for precision and accuracy. 3.1.2 water vapor permeance, WVP, n—the steady water
vapor flow in unit time through unit area of a body (WVT)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety
inducedbyunitvaporpressuredifference(∆p)betweenthetwo
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
surfaces of a coating. Therefore, WVP=WVT⁄∆p. Accepted
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
inch-pound unit is grains per square foot per hour per inch of
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
mercury (called a perm).Accepted SI unit is grams per square
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
metre per 24 h per millimetre of mercury (called a metric
perm).
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
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Films. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1653–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1653-13R21. the ASTM website.
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